Genetic Approaches In The Prevention Of Mental Disorders

Author : Victor Bulyzhenkov,Leonid Prilipko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783662074213

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Genetic Approaches in the Prevention of Mental Disorders by Victor Bulyzhenkov,Leonid Prilipko Pdf

At least 40 million people in the worId suffer from the most severe forms of mental disorder such as schizophrenia and some 300 million more are affected by less severe but still incapacitating forms of these conditions, including, for example, drug and alcohol dependence and the consequences of brain trauma. The enor mous magnitude of human suffering and the economic losses usually linked of these disorders make them a problem of major public health importance. Recent years have brought with them scientific discoveries which have made it possible to successfully treat most mental disorders and to prevent many others. Some of them, however, cannot be prevented on the basis of today's knowledge, and their treatment remains palliative: further progress in their management awaits an improvement in our understanding of mechanisms by which they come into existence and of factors which influence their course. Recent years have also seen a significant increase in knowledge about genetic factors influencing the occurrence and course of a variety of diseases, for example, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne type muscular dystrophy, thalassemia, and hyperten sion. Some of this knowledge and some of the methods that have been developed to obtain it could have direct relevance to the search for a c1earer comprehension of the pathogenesis of mental disorder.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Prevention of Mental Disorders
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309049399

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Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Prevention of Mental Disorders Pdf

The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.

Author : Michael T. Compton,Ruth S. Shim
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781585625178

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The Social Determinants of Mental Health by Michael T. Compton,Ruth S. Shim Pdf

The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.

Author : John I. Nurnberger,Wade Berrettini
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521896498

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Principles of Psychiatric Genetics by John I. Nurnberger,Wade Berrettini Pdf

A comprehensive, up-to-date resource providing information about genetic influences on disorders of behavior.

Author : Drozdstoy Stoyanov,Bill Fulford,Giovanni Stanghellini,Werdie Van Staden,Michael TH Wong
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030478520

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International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice by Drozdstoy Stoyanov,Bill Fulford,Giovanni Stanghellini,Werdie Van Staden,Michael TH Wong Pdf

This open access book offers essential information on values-based practice (VBP): the clinical skills involved, teamwork and person-centered care, links between values and evidence, and the importance of partnerships in shared decision-making. Different cultures have different values; for example, partnership in decision-making looks very different, from the highly individualized perspective of European and North American cultures to the collective and family-oriented perspectives common in South East Asia. In turn, African cultures offer yet another perspective, one that falls between these two extremes (called batho pele). The book will benefit everyone concerned with the practical challenges of delivering mental health services. Accordingly, all contributions are developed on the basis of case vignettes, and cover a range of situations in which values underlie tensions or uncertainties regarding how to proceed in clinical practice. Examples include the patient’s autonomy and best interest, the physician’s commitment to establishing high standards of clinical governance, clinical versus community best interest, institutional versus clinical interests, patients insisting on medically unsound but legal treatments etc. Thus far, VBP publications have mainly dealt with clinical scenarios involving individual values (of clinicians and patients). Our objective with this book is to develop a model of VBP that is culturally much broader in scope. As such, it offers a vital resource for mental health stakeholders in an increasingly inter-connected world. It also offers opportunities for cross-learning in values-based practice between cultures with very different clinical care traditions.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309439121

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Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms Pdf

Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.

Author : Elliot S. Gershon
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0880489510

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Genetic Approaches to Mental Disorders by Elliot S. Gershon Pdf

Since the 1940s, the American Psychopathological Association has been a driving force in psychiatric genetic research. Having studied the Kallmann and Kety Hoch Award papers, many researchers have attempted to advance psychiatric genetic knowledge from epidemiological findings to biological findings. Genetic Approaches to Mental Disorders provides the latest information on the relationship between genetics and mental disorders. Divided into four sections, this book presents analysis of the genetic data, linkage mapping and association, debate over genetic Kraepelinian dichotomy, and mapping and association results in psychiatry.

Author : Kare Berg,Victor Boulyjenkov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642610288

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Genetic Approaches to Noncommunicable Diseases by Kare Berg,Victor Boulyjenkov Pdf

In recent years, the progress made in the prevention of mortality and morbidity caused by communicable diseases and malnutrition has changed the disease spectrum in both developed and, particularly developing countries. As a result, noncommunicable diseases, includ ing genetic disorders, have achieved considerable importance in public health. Furthermore, it is now evident that inherited predisposition is important in a number of common diseases that occur in later life, such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and in some rheumatic, oncological, and mental illnesses that appear at an early stage and develop into severe handicaps in predisposed people. Rapid advances in gene mapping concerned with international human genome research make it almost certain that the use of new genetic knowledge will dramatically increase the requirement for genetic approaches in the control of a wide spectrum of diseases, and will provide possibilities for their prevention and treatment in the form of changes in lifestyle, diet modification, periodic check-ups, or the administration of gene therapy. It appears that one of the main problems in delivering genetics services is the difficulty involved in informing the health profession and the community of the real sig nificance of genetic problems. There is, therefore, a need for international collaboration in improving genetic health education at all levels and in improving health through genetic approaches.

Author : Bernhard Baune
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 604 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128131770

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Personalized Psychiatry by Bernhard Baune Pdf

Personalized Psychiatry presents the first book to explore this novel field of biological psychiatry that covers both basic science research and its translational applications. The book conceptualizes personalized psychiatry and provides state-of-the-art knowledge on biological and neuroscience methodologies, all while integrating clinical phenomenology relevant to personalized psychiatry and discussing important principles and potential models. It is essential reading for advanced students and neuroscience and psychiatry researchers who are investigating the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Combines neurobiology with basic science methodologies in genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics Demonstrates how the statistical modeling of interacting biological and clinical information could transform the future of psychiatry Addresses fundamental questions and requirements for personalized psychiatry from a basic research and translational perspective

Author : Hoyle Leigh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-06-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781441956712

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Genes, Memes, Culture, and Mental Illness by Hoyle Leigh Pdf

What produces mental illness: genes, environment, both,neither? The answer can be found in memes—replicable units of information linking genes and environment in the memory and in culture—whose effects on individual brain development can be benign or toxic. This book reconceptualizes mental disorders as products of stressful gene-meme interactions and introduces a biopsychosocial template for meme-based diagnosis and treatment. A range of therapeutic modalities, both broad-spectrum (meditation) and specific(cognitive-behavioral), for countering negative memes and their replication are considered, as are possibilities for memetic prevention strategies. In this book, the author outlines the roles of genes and memes in the evolution of the human brain; elucidates the creation, storage, and evolution of memes within individual brains; examines culture as a carrier and supplier of memes to the individual; provides examples of gene-meme interactions that can result in anxiety, depression, and other disorders; proposes a multiaxial gene-meme model for diagnosing mental illness; identifies areas of meme-based prevention for at-risk children; and defines specific syndromes in terms of memetic symptoms, genetic/ memetic development, and meme-based treatment.

Author : National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain)
Publisher : RCPsych Publications
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Health services accessibility
ISBN : 1908020318

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Common Mental Health Disorders by National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain) Pdf

Bringing together treatment and referral advice from existing guidelines, this text aims to improve access to services and recognition of common mental health disorders in adults and provide advice on the principles that need to be adopted to develop appropriate referral and local care pathways.

Author : Vikram Patel,Dan Chisholm,Tarun Dua,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Mari'a Lena Medina-Mora,Theo Vos
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464804281

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4) by Vikram Patel,Dan Chisholm,Tarun Dua,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Mari'a Lena Medina-Mora,Theo Vos Pdf

Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders are common, highly disabling, and associated with significant premature mortality. The impact of these disorders on the social and economic well-being of individuals, families, and societies is large, growing, and underestimated. Despite this burden, these disorders have been systematically neglected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with pitifully small contributions to scaling up cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Systematically compiling the substantial existing knowledge to address this inequity is the central goal of this volume. This evidence-base can help policy makers in resource-constrained settings as they prioritize programs and interventions to address these disorders.

Author : Patrick H. Tolan,Bennett L. Leventhal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781461475576

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Disruptive Behavior Disorders by Patrick H. Tolan,Bennett L. Leventhal Pdf

Aggressive behavior among children and adolescents has confounded parents and perplexed professionals—especially those tasked with its treatment and prevention—for countless years. As baffling as these behaviors are, however, recent advances in neuroscience focusing on brain development have helped to make increasing sense of their complexity. Focusing on their most prevalent forms, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorders advances the understanding of DBD on a number of significant fronts. Its neurodevelopmental emphasis within an ecological approach offers links between brain structure and function and critical environmental influences and the development of these specific disorders. The book's findings and theories help to differentiate DBD within the contexts of normal development, non-pathological misbehavior and non-DBD forms of pathology. Throughout these chapters are myriad implications for accurate identification, effective intervention and future cross-disciplinary study. Key issues covered include: Gene-environment interaction models. Neurobiological processes and brain functions. Callous-unemotional traits and developmental pathways. Relationships between gender and DBD. Multiple pathways of familial transmission. Disruptive Behavior Disorders is a groundbreaking resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners and graduate students in clinical child and school psychology, psychiatry, educational psychology, prevention science, child mental health care, developmental psychology and social work.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Factors in Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2006-12-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309101967

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Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Factors in Health Pdf

Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.

Author : Clifford Whittingham Beers
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1917
Category : Mental illness
ISBN : WISC:89040951246

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The Mental Hygiene Movement by Clifford Whittingham Beers Pdf