Genocide In Libya

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Genocide in Libya

Ali Abdullatif Ahmida
Genocide in Libya Book PDF

Author : Ali Abdullatif Ahmida
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000169362

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Genocide in Libya by Ali Abdullatif Ahmida Pdf

Winner of the L. Carl Brown AIMS Book Prize in North African Studies 2022 This original research on the forgotten Libyan genocide specifically recovers the hidden history of the fascist Italian concentration camps (1929–1934) through the oral testimonies of Libyan survivors. This book links the Libyan genocide through cross-cultural and comparative readings to the colonial roots of the Holocaust and genocide studies. Between 1929 and 1934, thousands of Libyans lost their lives, directly murdered and victim to Italian deportations and internments. They were forcibly removed from their homes, marched across vast tracks of deserts and mountains, and confined behind barbed wire in 16 concentration camps. It is a story that Libyans have recorded in their Arabic oral history and narratives while remaining hidden and unexplored in a systematic fashion, and never in the manner that has allowed us to comprehend and begin to understand the extent of their existence. Based on the survivors’ testimonies, which took over ten years of fieldwork and research to document, this new and original history of the genocide is a key resource for readers interested in genocide and Holocaust studies, colonial and postcolonial studies, and African and Middle Eastern studies.

The Responsibility to Protect in Libya and Syria

Yasmine Nahlawi
The Responsibility to Protect in Libya and Syria Book PDF

Author : Yasmine Nahlawi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780429865701

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The Responsibility to Protect in Libya and Syria by Yasmine Nahlawi Pdf

This book offers a novel and contemporary examination of the ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P) doctrine from an international legal perspective and analyses how the doctrine was applied within the Libyan and Syrian conflicts as two recent and highly significant R2P cases. The book dissects each of R2P’s three component pillars to examine their international legal underpinnings, drawing upon diverse legal frameworks – including the laws of the UN, laws of international organisations, human rights law, humanitarian law, criminal law, environmental law, and laws of State responsibility – to extract conclusions regarding existing and emerging host and third-State obligations to prevent and react to mass atrocity crimes. It uses this legal grounding to critically examine specific aspects of the Libyan and Syrian R2P cases, engaging with some of the more traditional debates surrounding R2P’s application, most notably those that pertain to the use of force (or lack thereof), but also exploring some of the less-researched non-military methods that were or could have been employed by States and international organisations to uphold the doctrine. Such an analysis captures the diversity in the means and actors through which R2P can be implemented and allows for the extraction of more nuanced conclusions regarding the doctrine’s strengths and limitations, gaps in enforceability, levels of State support, and future trajectory. The book will be of interest to scholars and students in the field of international law and human rights law.

Global NATO and the Catastrophic Failure in Libya

Horace Campbell
Global NATO and the Catastrophic Failure in Libya Book PDF

Author : Horace Campbell
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781583674123

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Global NATO and the Catastrophic Failure in Libya by Horace Campbell Pdf

In this incisive account, scholar Horace Campbell investigates the political and economic crises of the early twenty-first century through the prism of NATO’s intervention in Libya. He traces the origins of the conflict, situates it in the broader context of the Arab Spring uprisings, and explains the expanded role of a post-Cold War NATO. This military organization, he argues, is the instrument through which the capitalist class of North America and Europe seeks to impose its political will on the rest of the world, however warped by the increasingly outmoded neoliberal form of capitalism. The intervention in Libya—characterized by bombing campaigns, military information operations, third party countries, and private contractors—exemplifies this new model. Campbell points out that while political elites in the West were quick to celebrate the intervention in Libya as a success, the NATO campaign caused many civilian deaths and destroyed the nation’s infrastructure. Furthermore, the instability it unleashed in the forms of militias and terrorist groups have only begun to be reckoned with, as the United States learned when its embassy was attacked and personnel, including the ambassador, were killed. Campbell’s lucid study is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand this complex and weighty course of events.

Justice in Conflict

Mark Kersten
Justice in Conflict Book PDF

Author : Mark Kersten
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191082948

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Justice in Conflict by Mark Kersten Pdf

What happens when the international community simultaneously pursues peace and justice in response to ongoing conflicts? What are the effects of interventions by the International Criminal Court (ICC) on the wars in which the institution intervenes? Is holding perpetrators of mass atrocities accountable a help or hindrance to conflict resolution? This book offers an in-depth examination of the effects of interventions by the ICC on peace, justice and conflict processes. The 'peace versus justice' debate, wherein it is argued that the ICC has either positive or negative effects on 'peace', has spawned in response to the Court's propensity to intervene in conflicts as they still rage. This book is a response to, and a critical engagement with, this debate. Building on theoretical and analytical insights from the fields of conflict and peace studies, conflict resolution, and negotiation theory, the book develops a novel analytical framework to study the Court's effects on peace, justice, and conflict processes. This framework is applied to two cases: Libya and northern Uganda. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, the core of the book examines the empirical effects of the ICC on each case. The book also examines why the ICC has the effects that it does, delineating the relationship between the interests of states that refer situations to the Court and the ICC's institutional interests, arguing that the negotiation of these interests determines which side of a conflict the ICC targets and thus its effects on peace, justice, and conflict processes. While the effects of the ICC's interventions are ultimately and inevitably mixed, the book makes a unique contribution to the empirical record on ICC interventions and presents a novel and sophisticated means of studying, analyzing, and understanding the effects of the Court's interventions in Libya, northern Uganda - and beyond.

World Report 2018

Human Rights Watch
World Report 2018 Book PDF

Author : Human Rights Watch
Publisher : Seven Stories Press
Page : 704 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781609808150

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World Report 2018 by Human Rights Watch Pdf

The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken in 2016 by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.

Sandstorm

Lindsey Hilsum
Sandstorm Book PDF

Author : Lindsey Hilsum
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781101583593

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Sandstorm by Lindsey Hilsum Pdf

Over a quarter century, the renowned British international correspondent Lindsey Hilsum has covered crisis and conflict around the world. In February 2011, at the first stirrings of revolt, she went to Libya, and began to chronicle the personal stories of people living through a time of unprecedented danger and opportunity. She reported the progress of the revolution on the ground, from the conflict of the early months, through the toppling of Gaddafi’s regime and his savage death in the desert. In Sandstorm, she tells the full story of the events of the revolution within a rich context of Libya’s history of colonialism, monarchy and dictatorship, and explores what the future of Libya holds. Sandstorm follows the stories of six individuals, taking us inside Gaddafi’s Libya as events unfold, change accelerates, and those who had never before dared to speak, tell their stories for the first time. We see the dynamics of the insurrection both from inside the regime and through the eyes of the men and women who found themselves starting a revolution. Woven into her account is a revelatory exposé of the dysfunctional Gaddafi family, the scale of whose excesses almost surpasses belief. She tells the stories of Libyans who lived in the United States or Europe, but went home to risk everything to provide secret intelligence, or commit daring acts of civil disobedience, to bring the regime down, knowing that the punishment if caught would be torture and death. The fall of Gaddafi, who was for forty-two years the great autocrat-madman on the world stage, is among the past decade’s most dramatic pivot points. In Lindsey Hilsum, it has found its definitive chronicler.

Destroying Libya and World Order

Francis A. Boyle
Destroying Libya and World Order Book PDF

Author : Francis A. Boyle
Publisher : SCB Distributors
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780986036200

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Destroying Libya and World Order by Francis A. Boyle Pdf

It took three decades for the United States government-spanning and working assiduously over five different presidential administrations (Reagan, Bush I, Clinton, Bush II , and Obama)-to terminate the 1969 Qaddafi Revolution, seize control over Libya’s oil fields, and dismantle its Jamahiriya system. This book tells the story of what happened, why it happened, and what was both wrong and illegal with that from the perspective of an international law professor and lawyer who tried for over three decades to stop it. Francis Boyle provides a comprehensive history and critique of American foreign policy toward Libya from when the Reagan administration came to power in January of 1981 up to the 2011 NA TO war on Libya that ultimately achieved the US goal of regime change, and beyond. He sets the record straight on the series of military conflicts and crises between the United States and Libya over the Gulf of Sidra, exposing the Reagan administration’s fraudulent claims of Libyan instigation of international terrorism put forward over his eight years in office. Boyle reveals the inside story behind the Lockerbie bombing cases against the United States and the United Kingdom that he filed at the World Court for Colonel Qaddafi acting upon his advice-and the unjust resolution of those disputes. Deploying standard criteria of international law, Boyle analyzes and debunks the UN R2P “responsibility to protect” doctrine and its immediate predecessor, “humanitarian intervention”. He addresses how R2P served as the basis for the NATO assault on Libya in 2011, overriding the UN Charter commitment to state sovereignty and prevention of aggression. The purported NATO protection in actuality led to 50,000 Libyan casualties, and the complete breakdown of law and order. And this is just the beginning. Boyle lays out the ramifications: the destabilization of the Maghreb and Sahel, and the French intervention in Mali-with the USA/NATO/Europe starting a new imperial scramble for the natural resources of Africa. This book is not only a classic case study of the conduct of US foreign policy as it relates to international law, but a damning indictment of the newly-contrived R2P doctrine as legal cover for Western intervention into third world countries.

The Responsibility to Protect

Alex J. Bellamy,Edward C. Luck
The Responsibility to Protect Book PDF

Author : Alex J. Bellamy,Edward C. Luck
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781509512478

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The Responsibility to Protect by Alex J. Bellamy,Edward C. Luck Pdf

In 2005, the international community made a landmark commitment to prevent mass atrocities by unanimously adopting the UN’s “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) principle. As often as not, however, R2P has failed to translate into decisive action. Why does this gap persist between the world’s normative pledges to R2P and its ability to make it a daily lived reality? In this new book, leading global authorities on humanitarian protection Alex Bellamy and Edward Luck offer a probing and in-depth response to this fundamental question, calling for a more comprehensive approach to the practice of R2P – one that moves beyond states and the UN to include the full range of actors that play a role in protecting vulnerable populations. Drawing on cases from the Middle East to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, they examine the forces and conditions that produce atrocity crimes and the challenge of responding to them quickly and effectively. Ultimately, they advocate both for emergency policies to temporarily stop carnage and for policies leading to sustainable change within societies and governments. Only by introducing these additional elements to the R2P toolkit will the failures associated with humanitarian crises like Syria and Libya become a thing of the past.

The Illegal War on Libya

Cynthia McKinney
The Illegal War on Libya Book PDF

Author : Cynthia McKinney
Publisher : SCB Distributors
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-07-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780985335328

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The Illegal War on Libya by Cynthia McKinney Pdf

In 2011, former Congresswoman and 2008 Green Party candidate for President, Cynthia McKinney, took a delegation of observers to Libya to monitor NATO�s purported humanitarian intervention. Prefaced by Ramsey Clark, this collection of essays includes scholarly and legal analysis, as well as personal accounts by witnesses to the NATO assault on a helpless civilian population it had a UN mandate to protect, and the massive media propaganda campaign that made it possible. It responds to the many questions left unanswered by a complicit mainstream media, such as: � Why Libya, not Bahrain, Yemen or Egypt? � What was life in Libya like under Qadhafi? � What is the truth about the so-called �Black Mercenaries”? � What was the role of Western NGOs and the International Criminal Court? � What about Africom�s Plans for Africa? � What did it have to do with Liby�a independent central bank, its oil, its plans for an African currency, its efforts to free African states from the coils of the Bretton Woods Institutions? Cynthia McKinney and other contributors to this volume were in Libya during the period of the NATO bombardment of Libyan cities, and were among the few independent voices to report on the tragedy.

Arab Spring, Libyan Winter

Vijay Prashad
Arab Spring Libyan Winter Book PDF

Author : Vijay Prashad
Publisher : AK Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781849351126

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Arab Spring, Libyan Winter by Vijay Prashad Pdf

The world watched as the bud of the Arab Spring was buried under the cold darkness of the Libyan Winter.

Slouching Towards Sirte

Maximilian Christian Forte
Slouching Towards Sirte Book PDF

Author : Maximilian Christian Forte
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : History
ISBN : 1926824520

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Slouching Towards Sirte by Maximilian Christian Forte Pdf

NATO’s war in Libya was proclaimed as a humanitarian intervention—bombing in the name of “saving lives.” Attempts at diplomacy were stifled. Peace talks were subverted. Libya was barred from representing itself at the UN, where shadowy NGOs and “human rights” groups held full sway in propagating exaggerations, outright falsehoods, and racial fear mongering that served to sanction atrocities and ethnic cleansing in the name of democracy. The rush to war was far speedier than Bush’s invasion of Iraq. Max Forte has scrutinized the documentary history from before, during, and after the war. He argues that it was not about human rights, nor entirely about oil, but about a larger process of militarizing U.S. relations with Africa. The development of the Pentagon’s AFRICOM is seen to be in competition with Pan-Africanist initiatives such as those spearheaded by Muammar Gaddafi. Far from the success NATO boasts about or the “high watermark” proclaimed by proponents of the “Responsibility to Protect,” this war has left the once prosperous, independent and defiant Libya in ruin, dependency and prolonged civil strife.

The Making of Modern Libya

Ali Abdullatif Ahmida
The Making of Modern Libya Book PDF

Author : Ali Abdullatif Ahmida
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2011-03-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781438428932

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The Making of Modern Libya by Ali Abdullatif Ahmida Pdf

The Making of Modern Libya is a thorough examination of the social, cultural, and historical background of modern Libya. Ali Abdullatif Ahmida examines the reaction of the ordinary Libyan people to colonialism and nationalism, from the early nineteenth century through the end of anticolonial resistance, to the rise of the modern Libyan state in 1951. Weaving together insights drawn from Arabic, French, English, and Italian sources, he challenges Eurocentric theories of social change that ignore the internal dynamics of native social history. Among other things, he shows that Sufi Islam, tribal military organization, and oral traditions were crucial in the fight against colonialism. The political and cultural legacy of the resistance has been powerful, strengthening Libyan nationalism and leading to the revival of strong attachments to Islam. The memory of this period has not yet faded, and appreciation of this background is essential to understanding modern Libya. This new edition also investigates Libya's postcolonial nationalist policies, bringing the argument up to the present.

Libya War of Independence (1911-1932)

S. E. Al-Djazairi
Libya War of Independence 1911 1932 Book PDF

Author : S. E. Al-Djazairi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1973175819

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Libya War of Independence (1911-1932) by S. E. Al-Djazairi Pdf

This book charts the 21-year (1911-1932) history of Libyan resistance against Italian invasion. It looks at the subject from a variety of angles, including military, socio-economic and also human. It gives a large place to the causes that incited the Italians to invade; and as it goes through the invasion, it highlights its extremely brutal character. The main focus is on the remarkable stand by the Libyans, who against a far more numerous enemy, far better armed with all the means of modern warfare, managed to put up possibly the longest and surely the costliest resistance (in proportion to their total population) to any invader in history. The Libyan war for liberation is indeed the best illustration in history of bravery and sacrifice for higher ideals than the self. This book covers this little known and yet remarkable phase in history.

The United Nations Genocide Convention

Samuel Totten,Henry C. Theriault
The United Nations Genocide Convention Book PDF

Author : Samuel Totten,Henry C. Theriault
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781487533229

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The United Nations Genocide Convention by Samuel Totten,Henry C. Theriault Pdf

It is virtually impossible to understand the phenomenon of genocide without a clear understanding of the complexities of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UNCG). This brief but cogent book provides an introduction to the unique wording, legal terminology, and key components of the convention, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. Providing clarity on the distinctions between genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and ethnic cleansing, this book is designed to be an entry into further study of genocide in its legal, historical, political, and philosophical dimensions. Key terms, such as intent and motive, are explained, case studies are included, and a detailed bibliography at the conclusion of the book offers suggested avenues for more advanced study of the UNCG.

Intervention in Libya

Karin Wester
Intervention in Libya Book PDF

Author : Karin Wester
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-03-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108477062

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Intervention in Libya by Karin Wester Pdf

An original reconstruction of the evolution of and international diplomatic response to the 2011 Libyan crisis, which draws on a diverse range of sources including in-depth interviews with politicians and diplomats to understand the real-world application of the UN's 'Responsibility to Protect' principle.