Geocomplexity And The Physics Of Earthquakes

Author : John Rundle,John B. Rundle,Donald L. Turcotte,William Klein
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2000-01-10
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780875909783

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Geocomplexity and the Physics of Earthquakes by John Rundle,John B. Rundle,Donald L. Turcotte,William Klein Pdf

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 120. Earthquakes in urban centers are capable of causing enormous damage. The January 16, 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake was only a magnitude 6.9 event and yet produced an estimated $200 billion loss. Despite an active earthquake prediction program in Japan, this event was a complete surprise. Similar scenarios are possible in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and other urban centers around the Pacific plate boundary. The development of forecast or prediction methodologies for these great damaging earthquakes has been complicated by the fact that the largest events repeat at irregular intervals of hundreds to thousands of years, resulting in a limited historical record that has frustrated phenomenological studies. The papers in this book describe an emerging alternative approach, which is based on a new understanding of earthquake physics arising from the construction and analysis of numerical simulations. With these numerical simulations, earthquake physics now can be investigated in numerical laboratories. Simulation data from numerical experiments can be used to develop theoretical understanding that can be subsequently applied to observed data. These methods have been enabled by the information technology revolution, in which fundamental advances in computing and communications are placing vast computational resources at our disposal.

Author : Cargill Gilston Knott
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1908
Category : Earthquakes
ISBN : UCAL:$B8034

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The Physics of Earthquake Phenomena by Cargill Gilston Knott Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on the Science of Earthquakes
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2003-09-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309065627

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Living on an Active Earth by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on the Science of Earthquakes Pdf

The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.

Author : Mitiyasu Ohnaka
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107355330

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The Physics of Rock Failure and Earthquakes by Mitiyasu Ohnaka Pdf

Despite significant advances in the understanding of earthquake generation processes and derivation of underlying physical laws, controversy remains regarding the constitutive law for earthquake ruptures and how it should be formulated. Laboratory experiments are necessary to obtain high-resolution measurements that allow the physical nature of shear rupture processes to be deduced, and to resolve the controversy. This important book provides a deeper understanding of earthquake processes from nucleation to their dynamic propagation. Its key focus is a deductive approach based on laboratory-derived physical laws and formulae, such as a unifying constitutive law, a constitutive scaling law, and a physical model of shear rupture nucleation. Topics covered include: the fundamentals of rock failure physics, earthquake generation processes, physical scale dependence, and large-earthquake generation cycles. Designed for researchers and professionals in earthquake seismology, rock failure physics, geology and earthquake engineering, it is also a valuable reference for graduate students.

Author : Xiang-chu Yin,Peter Mora,Andrea Donnellan,Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2007-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783764381301

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Computational Earthquake Physics: Simulations, Analysis and Infrastructure by Xiang-chu Yin,Peter Mora,Andrea Donnellan,Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura Pdf

This second part of a two-volume work contains 22 research articles on various aspects of computational earthquake physics. Coverage includes the promising earthquake forecasting model LURR (Load-Unload Response Ratio); pattern informatics and phase dynamics and their applications; computational algorithms, including continuum damage models and visualization and analysis of geophysical datasets; and assimilation of data.

Author : Andrea Donnellan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2004-09-27
Category : Nature
ISBN : 3764371420

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Computational earthquake science. 1 by Andrea Donnellan Pdf

Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.

Author : Andrea Donnellan,Peter Mora,Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura,Xiang-chu Yin
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034878739

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Computational Earthquake Science Part I by Andrea Donnellan,Peter Mora,Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura,Xiang-chu Yin Pdf

Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.

Author : Christopher H. Scholz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2002-05-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521655404

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The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting by Christopher H. Scholz Pdf

Our understanding of earthquakes and faulting processes has developed significantly since publication of the successful first edition of this book in 1990. This revised edition, first published in 2002, was therefore thoroughly up-dated whilst maintaining and developing the two major themes of the first edition. The first of these themes is the connection between fault and earthquake mechanics, including fault scaling laws, the nature of fault populations, and how these result from the processes of fault growth and interaction. The second major theme is the central role of the rate-state friction laws in earthquake mechanics, which provide a unifying framework within which a wide range of faulting phenomena can be interpreted. With the inclusion of two chapters explaining brittle fracture and rock friction from first principles, this book is written at a level which will appeal to graduate students and research scientists in the fields of seismology, physics, geology, geodesy and rock mechanics.

Author : Seth Stein,Michael Wysession
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118687451

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An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure by Seth Stein,Michael Wysession Pdf

An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structures is an introduction to seismology and its role in the earth sciences, and is written for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. The fundamentals of seismic wave propagation are developed using a physical approach and then applied to show how refraction, reflection, and teleseismic techniques are used to study the structure and thus the composition and evolution of the earth. The book shows how seismic waves are used to study earthquakes and are integrated with other data to investigate the plate tectonic processes that cause earthquakes. Figures, examples, problems, and computer exercises teach students about seismology in a creative and intuitive manner. Necessary mathematical tools including vector and tensor analysis, matrix algebra, Fourier analysis, statistics of errors, signal processing, and data inversion are introduced with many relevant examples. The text also addresses the fundamentals of seismometry and applications of seismology to societal issues. Special attention is paid to help students visualize connections between different topics and view seismology as an integrated science. An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure gives an excellent overview for students of geophysics and tectonics, and provides a strong foundation for further studies in seismology. Multidisciplinary examples throughout the text - catering to students in varied disciplines (geology, mineralogy, petrology, physics, etc.). Most up to date book on the market - includes recent seismic events such as the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey, Greece, and Taiwan). Chapter outlines - each chapter begins with an outline and a list of learning objectives to help students focus and study. Essential math review - an entire section reviews the essential math needed to understand seismology. This can be covered in class or left to students to review as needed. End of chapter problem sets - homework problems that cover the material presented in the chapter. Solutions to all odd numbered problem sets are listed in the back so that students can track their progress. Extensive References - classic references and more current references are listed at the end of each chapter. A set of instructor's resources containing downloadable versions of all the figures in the book, errata and answers to homework problems is available at: http://levee.wustl.edu/seismology/book/. Also available on this website are PowerPoint lecture slides corresponding to the first 5 chapters of the book.

Author : A. Bizzarri,S. Das,A. Petri
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781614999799

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Mechanics of Earthquake Faulting by A. Bizzarri,S. Das,A. Petri Pdf

The mechanics of earthquake faulting is a multi-disciplinary scientific approach combining laboratory inferences and mathematical models with the analysis of recorded data from earthquakes, and is essential to the understanding of these potentially destructive events. The modern field of study can be said to have begun with the seminal papers by B. V. Kostrov in 1964 and 1966. This book presents lectures delivered at the summer school ‘The Mechanics of Earthquake Faulting’, held under the umbrella of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics in Varenna, Italy, from 2 to 7 July 2018. The school was attended by speakers and participants from many countries. One of the most important goals of the school was to present the state-of-the-art of the physics of earthquakes, and the 10 lectures included here cover the most challenging aspects of the mechanics of faulting. The topics covered during the school give a very clear picture of the current state of the art of the physics of earthquake ruptures and also highlight the open issues and questions that are still under debate, and the book will be of interest to all those working in the field.

Author : Xiang-chu Yin,Peter Mora,Andrea Donnellan,Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2007-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783764379926

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Computational Earthquake Physics: Simulations, Analysis and Infrastructure, Part I by Xiang-chu Yin,Peter Mora,Andrea Donnellan,Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura Pdf

The first of a two-part work, this volume focuses on microscopic simulation, scaling physics, dynamic rapture and wave propagation, earthquake generation, cycle and seismic pattern. Topics covered range from numerical and theoretical studies of crack propagation, developments in finite difference methods for modeling faults, long time scale simulation of interacting fault systems, and modeling of crustal deformation through to mantle convection.

Author : Andrea Donnellan,Peter Mora,Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura,Xiang-chu Yin
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034878753

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Computational Earthquake Science Part II by Andrea Donnellan,Peter Mora,Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura,Xiang-chu Yin Pdf

Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.

Author : F. Mulargia,R.J. Geller
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401000413

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Earthquake Science and Seismic Risk Reduction by F. Mulargia,R.J. Geller Pdf

What is the first thing that ordinary people, for whom journalists are the proxy, ask when they meet a seismologist? It is certainly nothing technical like "What was the stress drop of the last earthquake in the Imperial Valley?" It is a sim ple question, which nevertheless summarizes the real demands that society has for seismology. This question is "Can you predict earthquakes?" Regrettably, notwithstanding the feeling of omnipotence induced by modem technology, the answer at present is the very opposite of "Yes, of course". The primary motivation for the question "Can you predict earthquakes?" is practical. No other natural phenomenon has the tremendous destructive power of a large earthquake, a power which is rivaled only by a large scale war. An earth quake in a highly industrialized region is capable of adversely affecting the econ omy of the whole world for several years. But another motivation is cognitive. The aim of science is 'understanding' nature, and one of the best ways to show that we understand a phenomenon is the ability to make accurate predictions.

Author : Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura,Peter Mora,Andrea Donnellan,Xiang-chu Yin
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034881975

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Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis Part II by Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura,Peter Mora,Andrea Donnellan,Xiang-chu Yin Pdf

In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics in Part II range from the 3-D simulations of earthquake generation cycles and interseismic crustal deformation associated with plate subduction to the development of new methods for analyzing geophysical and geodetical data and new simulation algorithms for large amplitude folding and mantle convection with viscoelastic/brittle lithosphere, as well as a theoretical study of accelerated seismic release on heterogeneous faults, simulation of long-range automaton models of earthquakes, and various approaches to earthquake predicition based on underlying physical and/or statistical models for seismicity change.

Author : Andrea Donnellan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2004-11-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 3764371439

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Computational earthquake science. 2 by Andrea Donnellan Pdf

Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.