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This 2008 edition of OECD's periodic survey of the German economy finds Germany enjoying a vigorous recovery after a long period of stagnation. To keep the recovery going, OECD finds Germany facing a number of key challenges including making the tax ...
Faith-based organisations and exclusion in European cities by Beaumont, Justin,Cloke, Paul Pdf
At a time of heightened neoliberal globalisation and crisis, welfare state retrenchment and desecularisation of society, amid uniquely European controversies over immigration, integration and religious-based radicalism, this timely book explores the role played by faith-based organisations (FBOs), which are growing in importance in the provision of social services in the European context. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, the contributions to the volume present original research examples and a pan-European perspective to assess the role of FBOs in combating poverty and various expressions of exclusion and social distress in cities across Europe. This significant and highly topical volume should become a vital reference source for the burgeoning number of studies that are likely follow and will make essential reading for students and academics in social policy, sociology, geography, politics, urban studies and theology/ religious studies.
Liberal Imperialism in Germany by Matthew P. Fitzpatrick Pdf
In a work based on new archival, press, and literary sources, the author revises the picture of German imperialism as being the brainchild of a Machiavellian Bismarck or the "conservative revolutionaries" of the twentieth century. Instead, Fitzpatrick argues for the liberal origins of German imperialism, by demonstrating the links between nationalism and expansionism in a study that surveys the half century of imperialist agitation and activity leading up to the official founding of Germany's colonial empire in 1884.
German Inheritance and Gift Tax Reform 2009 by Carolin Braun Pdf
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Background and Subject of this Thesis: After long negotiations within the Grand Coalition (Große Koalition) and despite jurisdictional criticisms of numerous points, on 31st December 2008 the new inheritance and gift tax law (Erbschaftsteuerreformgesetz - ErbStRG) was published in the Federal Law Gazette (Bundesgesetzblatt), to become effective on 1st January 2009 just in time to avoid the need for retroactive regulations and the related discussions. This marks the end of the discussion about the future of the inheritance tax that has been started by the decision of the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht - BVerfG) from 7th November 2006. The related uncertainity came to an end, at least for now. In its decision the Federal Constitutional Court states, that the discrepance between fair market value and valuation value for significant groups of assets (business assets, portions of coporations, real estate property and agriculture and forestry (AF) businesses) are violating the principle of equality of § 3 sec. 1 of the German Basic Law (Grundgesetz - GG). The legislative was obliged to define a new legislation in line with the constitution until 31 December 2008, latest. On 11 December 2007, the German Federal Government (Bundesregierung) finally agreed on a draft revision of the inheritance and gift tax law and the valuation law. The German Federal Parliament (Bundestag) passed the inheritance tax reform on 27 November 2008 in the 2nd and 3rd reading, during which the finance committee of the German Parliament (Finanzausschuss des Bundestages) made considerable changes to the original draft. The approval in the German Federal Council (Bundesrat) was obtained in the special session of the council on 5.12.2008, the approval of the Federal President (Bundespräsident) on 24.12.2008. Current Situation: In addition to the changes necessary for constitutional reasons, the central concern of the reform is to simplify business takeover by the successors. However, the legislator neither has had the courage to - as hoped by many - completely abolish inheritance taxation, not did he take the opportunity to perform a complete change of the inheritance taxation system which might become mandatory for constitutional reasons. The result is a compromise between of the various government parties: a law that amends the existing inheritance tax law on which it is based in a limited number of points. The new [...]
Transnationalism and German-Language Literature in the Twenty-First Century by Stuart Taberner Pdf
This book examines how German-language authors have intervened in contemporary debates on the obligation to extend hospitality to asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants; the terrorist threat post-9/11; globalisation and neo-liberalism; the opportunities and anxieties of intensified mobility across borders; and whether transnationalism necessarily implies the end of the nation state and the dawn of a new cosmopolitanism. The book proceeds through a series of close readings of key texts of the last twenty years, with an emphasis on the most recent works. Authors include Terézia Mora, Richard Wagner, Olga Grjasnowa, Marlene Streeruwitz, Vladimir Vertlib, Navid Kermani, Felicitas Hoppe, Daniel Kehlmann, Ilija Trojanow, Christian Kracht, and Christa Wolf, representing the diversity of contemporary German-language writing. Through a careful process of juxtaposition and differentiation, the individual chapters demonstrate that writers of both minority and nonminority backgrounds address transnationalism in ways that certainly vary but which also often overlap in surprising ways.
Germany's Balance of Payments from 2007 - 2018 by Fabian Hoffmann Pdf
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 10.0, University of Groningen, language: English, abstract: The author analyzed Germany's Balance of Payments during the years of the European financial crisis. Particular focus thereby rests on Germany's traditionally strong current account surplus, but also on its extraordinarily large financial account surplus.
Colonialism and Modern Architecture in Germany by Itohan Osayimwese Pdf
Over the course of the nineteenth century, drastic social and political changes, technological innovations, and exposure to non-Western cultures affected Germany’s built environment in profound ways. The economic challenges of Germany’s colonial project forced architects designing for the colonies to abandon a centuries-long, highly ornamental architectural style in favor of structural technologies and building materials that catered to the local contexts of its remote colonies, such as prefabricated systems. As German architects gathered information about the regions under their influence in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific—during expeditions, at international exhibitions, and from colonial entrepreneurs and officials—they published their findings in books and articles and organized lectures and exhibits that stimulated progressive architectural thinking and shaped the emerging modern language of architecture within Germany itself. Offering in-depth interpretations across the fields of architectural history and postcolonial studies, Itohan Osayimwese considers the effects of colonialism, travel, and globalization on the development of modern architecture in Germany from the 1850s until the 1930s. Since architectural developments in nineteenth-century Germany are typically understood as crucial to the evolution of architecture worldwide in the twentieth century, this book globalizes the history of modern architecture at its founding moment.
Political and Economic Dynamics of the Eurozone Crisis by James A. Caporaso,Martin Rhodes Pdf
This is the first book to provide a full and dispassionate account of the politics and economics of the Eurozone crisis, focusing on the interlinked origins and impacts of the Euro-Zone crisis and the policy responses to it. The book is distinguished from existing research by its avoidance (and rejection) of the too-often simplistic analysis that has characterized political, media and regrettably some academic coverage, and by its attempt to escape from the tyranny of day-to-day events and short-term developments. Each of the contributors identifies an important question and undertakes a careful empirical, theoretically-informed analysis that produces novel perspectives. Together they seek to balance many of the existing accounts that have rushed to sometimes unwarranted conclusions, concerning, for example, the locus of institutional power in European crisis-management; the power and centrality of particular member states, notably Germany which has been attributed with 'hegemonic' status; the supposed entrapment of EU policy makers by an 'austerity ideology'; and the deep flaws that apparently afflict the solutions to the crisis put painstakingly in place, such as Banking Union. While it will be some time before the EU can put the crisis behind it, and the dust finally settles on the revised institutional system that emerges, The Political and Economic Dynamics of the Eurozone Crisis marks an important step towards a considered, reflective analysis of the tumultuous events and developments of the crisis period.
Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood Education in Germany by Wilfried Smidt Pdf
The importance of early childhood education has been emphasized by a large body of research that has demonstrated that children’s cognitive and socio-emotional development is significantly influenced by the quality of the education and care received from their families and in preschool. Consequently, it is important to investigate factors that pertain to the provision of a high-quality education and high-quality care for young children. This book addresses several important issues that are currently under discussion with respect to this topic. In particular, the book focuses on three topics presently under debate: the professionalization of pedagogues working in the field of early childhood education; the quality of education and care provided by families and preschools; and the promotion of children from socio-economically disadvantaged families. Providing an excellent overview of current research in Germany, this book will be useful to readers who are interested in international perspectives on early childhood education and who want to gain insight into relevant topics discussed in other countries. This book was originally published as a special issue of Early Child Development and Care.
Governments are increasingly confronted with scarce resources, which force their export promotion organisations to seek more efficient ways and methods. At the same time, with the export successes of the emerging economies, public export promotion policies of countries are confronted with diminishing returns, particularly when the traditional export promotion instruments are used. The DSM (Decision Support Model) approach to export promotion, which is adopted and explained in the book, is deeply rooted in the international marketing research literature and allows to identify, in the rapidly changing international environment, the most promising realistic export opportunities for exporting countries.
This book explores the origins, interpretations and meanings of the term 'biosecurity'. It brings together contributors on issues relating to the perceptions of the threat of biological weapons and how states are responding, or not, to the challenges posed by the potential of the products of the life sciences to be used for destructive purposes.
Security and Safety in the Era of Global Risks by Radomir Compel,Rosalie Arcala-Hall Pdf
The concept of risk in global life has not been fully understood and explored and this book attempts to examine what it entails in the fast changing, interconnected and complex world. As a foundational component of safety systems, risk has been considered relatively simple, predictable, and therefore, assessable and manageable phenomenon. Social and political sciences prefer the terminology of security to capture the dimension of risk which is more complex and more consequential to survival. Risk has become more human-made and intentional today, and this book explores innovative approaches and engages in theoretical and policy debates to capture its political and security dimensions.