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Global Jihad in Muslim and non-Muslim Contexts by Jonathan Matusitz Pdf
This book examines ten reasons for global jihad today. Specifically, the reasons are (1) radicalization, (2) group dynamics and socialization, (3) social alienation, (4) religious motivations, (5) legal motivations, (6) political motivations, (7) a Clash of Civilizations, (8) economic conditions, (9) transformative learning, and (10) outbidding and internal rifts. To investigate these points, all chapters include the historical background, specific case studies (both past and current), statistics, and theoretical approaches to the subject of global jihad. The main purpose of jihad is to achieve global domination—through any means, including violence—and establish the Caliphate. The Caliphate is a Muslim system of world government that seeks to establish a new world order by overthrowing the current order, effectively creating an all-encompassing Islamic state.
Communication in Global Jihad by Jonathan Matusitz Pdf
This book conceptually examines the role of communication in global jihad from multiple perspectives. The main premise is that communication is so vital to the global jihadist movement today that jihadists will use any communicative tool, tactic, or approach to impact or transform people and the public at large. The author explores how and why the benefits of communication are a huge boon to jihadist operations, with jihadists communicating their ideological programs to develop a strong base for undertaking terrorist violence. The use of various information and communication systems and platforms by jihadists exemplifies the most recent progress in the relationship between terrorism, media, and the new information environment. For jihadist organizations like ISIS and Al-Qaeda, recruiting new volunteers for the Caliphate who are willing to sacrifice their lives for the cause is a top priority. Based on various conceptual analyses, case studies, and theoretical applications, this book explores the communicative tools, tactics, and approaches used for this recruitment, including narratives, propaganda, mainstream media, social media, new information and communication technologies, the jihadisphere, visual imagery, media framing, globalization, financing networks, crime–jihad nexuses, group communication, radicalization, social movements, fatwas, martyrdom videos, pop-jihad, and jihadist nasheeds. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of communication studies, political science, terrorism and international security, Islamic studies, and cultural studies.
Jihad in the Context of Contemporary Terrorism by Mohamed Elamin Elbushra Mahgoub Pdf
ABSTRACT Since September 11-2001, Western scholars classified the study of Islamic Jihad as one of the most important disciplines to be examined. They began to review the relevant original sources of Islam in depth. Many efforts were made by those scholars to understand The Quran, holy book of all Muslims, looking for evidence that might support existing links between Islamic Jihad and the contemporary terroristic activities, if any. On the other hand, Muslim scholars and politicians have condemned all patterns of the contemporary terrorism, and have repeatedly confirmed the fact that Islam is a religion of peace, mercy and justice. Muslim scholars routinely provide positive evidence from The Quran and other Islamic sources to support the quality of Islamic teachings and guidelines. However, Muslim scholars and politicians have never attempted to comment or thoroughly elaborate such evidence or Quranic verses related to Jihad and fighting for the Cause of Allah as pointed-out by non-Muslim scholars. The dilemma facing Muslim scholars and politicians is not only to assure the quality of Islamic teachings, or to quote Quranic verses, which are not readily visible in most of the Islamic communities of today. The real dilemma is to provide satisfactory explanations and a uniform concept of Jihad or fighting for the Cause of Allah based on such variable sources. The challenge facing Muslim Scholars is adopting a common understanding on Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah. It is urgent to determine whether Jihad or Fighting for the Cause of Allah is defensive or offensive, and to what extent. Whom are the targets of Jihad and fighting for the Cause of Allah? How and who is responsible in managing Jihad and Fighting Affares? What is the responsibility of the Islamic countries in combating Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah, as far as they are obliged by the international laws? Does Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah constitute a threat to International peace and security? This study provides an outline for the concept of Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah from the perspective of the Muslim scholars and non-Muslim scholars. The intention of this study is inviting, or even provoking Muslim scholars to provide well established defense and come together with a uniform response that might create a favorable environment for all Muslims first, and for the human being second. This study is an attempt to: • Enhance the adoption of a uniform understanding of Islamic Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah and enforce such understanding among the Muslims first • Provide a unanimously acceptable explanation of the Quranic verses related to Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah. • Underline available Quranic and Sunna evidence that might nullify any allegations against Jihad and Fighting non-Muslims in the context of the contemporary thinking of western scholars. • Finally, to determine how far Islamic Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah is a religious worshipping, and does not constitute any form of threat or terror for non-Muslims. By highlighting the controversial opinions of Muslim and non-Muslim scholars, this study may provide grounds to distinguish between Islamic Jihad and contemporary terroristic activities and political violence.
Islam & Jihad by Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani Pdf
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and their aftermath have focused the world's attention on Islamic fundamentalism. This accessible volume aims to rebutt the misconceptions about Islam articulated by many European intellectuals down the centuries. For non-Muslims these still obstruct a clear understanding of both the nature of Islam and the history of Christian/Muslim interactions.
Jihad in the Context of Contemporary Terrorism by Mohamed Elamin Elbushra Mahgoub Pdf
ABSTRACT Since September 11-2001, Western scholars classified the study of Islamic Jihad as one of the most important disciplines to be examined. They began to review the relevant original sources of Islam in depth. Many efforts were made by those scholars to understand The Quran, holy book of all Muslims, looking for evidence that might support existing links between Islamic Jihad and the contemporary terroristic activities, if any. On the other hand, Muslim scholars and politicians have condemned all patterns of the contemporary terrorism, and have repeatedly confirmed the fact that Islam is a religion of peace, mercy and justice. Muslim scholars routinely provide positive evidence from The Quran and other Islamic sources to support the quality of Islamic teachings and guidelines. However, Muslim scholars and politicians have never attempted to comment or thoroughly elaborate such evidence or Quranic verses related to Jihad and fighting for the Cause of Allah as pointed-out by non-Muslim scholars. The dilemma facing Muslim scholars and politicians is not only to assure the quality of Islamic teachings, or to quote Quranic verses, which are not readily visible in most of the Islamic communities of today. The real dilemma is to provide satisfactory explanations and a uniform concept of Jihad or fighting for the Cause of Allah based on such variable sources. The challenge facing Muslim Scholars is adopting a common understanding on Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah. It is urgent to determine whether Jihad or Fighting for the Cause of Allah is defensive or offensive, and to what extent. Whom are the targets of Jihad and fighting for the Cause of Allah? How and who is responsible in managing Jihad and Fighting Affares? What is the responsibility of the Islamic countries in combating Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah, as far as they are obliged by the international laws? Does Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah constitute a threat to International peace and security? This study provides an outline for the concept of Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah from the perspective of the Muslim scholars and non-Muslim scholars. The intention of this study is inviting, or even provoking Muslim scholars to provide well established defense and come together with a uniform response that might create a favorable environment for all Muslims first, and for the human being second. This study is an attempt to: - Enhance the adoption of a uniform understanding of Islamic Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah and enforce such understanding among the Muslims first - Provide a unanimously acceptable explanation of the Quranic verses related to Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah. - Underline available Quranic and Sunna evidence that might nullify any allegations against Jihad and Fighting non-Muslims in the context of the contemporary thinking of western scholars. - Finally, to determine how far Islamic Jihad and Fighting for the Cause of Allah is a religious worshipping, and does not constitute any form of threat or terror for non-Muslims. By highlighting the controversial opinions of Muslim and non-Muslim scholars, this study may provide grounds to distinguish between Islamic Jihad and contemporary terroristic activities and political violence.
Author : John L. Esposito Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA Page : 214 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 2003 Category : History ISBN : 0195168860
This Book Focuses, For The First Time, On An Entirely, Different Genre Of Terrorism Which, Althought It Derives Its Inspiration From The Al Qaida, Has Evolved Its Own Dangerous Mixture Of State Sponsorship, Mafia Support And Religious Fanaticism. In The Process, The Sub-Continent Has Seen The Emergence Of The Lashkar-E-Toiba As A New International Behemoth, Coupled With An Explosion Of Religious Shcools In Pakistan Whose Alumni Fanned Out In Diaspora Of Bigotry Not Only Over The Sub-Continent But Across South East Asia. Thus, The Let, Its Parent The Jamaat-Ud-Dawa And Its Auxillaries Can Truly Be Counted As The Next Generation Of Home-Grown Terrorist Groups With Wide International Ramifications. The Danger From The Let And Its Fellow Travellers Is Far Greater Than Posed By The Al Qaida. The Let Is The Only Terrorist Organisation That Enjoys The Protection And Guidance Afforded By The Isi. Unlike The Al Qaida, Which Depended On Scattered Support, The Let And Its Cohorts Have Ready Access To The World-Wide Support Of The Dawood Ibrahim Mafia By Way Of Transport, Arms, Ammunition, Safe Houses And Legends. Besides, The Authors Has Placed China And Saudi Arabia Under A Microscope For Their Sins Of Omission And Commission. In Many Respects, Therfore, This Bok Is A Trail-Blazer,A Must For All Serious Students Of Terrorism. Contents Chapter 1: Concepts Of Jihad, Islam, Jihad And Terrorism, Some Of The Islamic Terms, The Levels Of Jihad, Does Jihad Mean Holy War, Who Is Authorized To Call For Jihad As A War? What Does Islam Say About Terrorism? Some Of The Prophet Muhammad S Teaching (Sunnah), Islam And Human Rights, Jihad Explained, Wahabism: Its Origin And Meaning; Chapter 2: Epicentre Of Jihad, Osama S Fatwa, Pakistani Rulers And The Islamic Card, Pakistan S Proxy War Against India, Op Sarp Vinash, Recovery Of A Missile, Shift In Millitants Strategy, Criminialisation Of Kashmir Militant Outfits, Pakistan Mullah-Military Nexus, Terror Outfits In Pakistan Continue To Flourish, Al Qaida S Next Attack Can Be Through The Sea, Al Qaida S Threat To India, Definition Of Terrorism, Split In Jamaat-Ud-Daawa (Lashkar-E-Toiba), Reason To Split, Role Of Isi, Implications Of Split On Jihadi Outfits; Chapter 3: Musharraf And Jihad, Musharraf And Kashmir, Was Rocca On Mission Osama In Pakistan? Pok Is Pakistan S Soft Under-Belly, Musharraf America And Kashmir, Is Musharraf In Trouble? Trouble From Army, Isi? Problems Of Musharraf, Lashkar-E-Toiba, Kashmir Bus Diplomacy, Pakistan Controlled Kashmir, Northern Areas, Water War Between Kashmir And Pakistan, Disgraced Nuclear Scientists, Wana Operations, Strategic Encirclement Theory, Pakistan S Proxy War Tactics In Afghanistan, Flashpoint In Pak-Afghan Ties, Balochistan On The Boil, Musharraf At Camp Daivd, Why Pakistan Needs American Weapons; Chapter 4: Madrasas: Lifeline Of Jihad, Seeds Of Extremism, Role Of Zia, Role Of Benazir And Musharraf, Role Of Saudi Arabia In Terror Funding, Politics Behind Madrasas, Deobandi Madrasas, Madrasas Providing Human Resource To Jaish-E-Muhammad, Important Fund-Raising Forums, Jaish-E-Muhammad S Militant Activities, Jaish-E-Muhammad S After The Ban, Madrasas In Pakistan, Madrasas And Jihad; Chapter 5: Dawood Ibrahim: Architect Of Jihad Crime Nexus, Us Interest In Dawood, Pakistan S Role In Securing Release Of Anees, Dawood-Isi Connection, Dawood-Let Nexus, Dawood S Fake Indian Currency Market, Dawood S Friends In India, Abu Salem, Monica Bedi S Three Passports, Dawood S Indian Passports.
The rise of Islamic terrorism worldwide is a phenomenon of our age. But it is not the first time that violence in the name of Islam has surged across the world. In Global Jihad, Dr. Patrick Sookhdeo takes an in-depth look at the teachings of Islam, past and present, which form the driving force for Islamic terrorism. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including many Muslim writers, he examines the facets of the Islamic faith which motivate so many men and women of violence. He suggests a number of practical responses which can be adopted by non-Muslims to counter the violence, strategies for winning the long war against Islamic violence. This book is aimed primarily at decision-makers in politics, security, intelligence and the military, but will be of interest to any reader who seeks to understand Islamic violence in the world today.
Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding Georgetown University Natana J. Delong-Bas Senior Research Assistant
Author : Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding Georgetown University Natana J. Delong-Bas Senior Research Assistant Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA Page : 384 pages File Size : 46,5 Mb Release : 2004-07-15 Category : Religion ISBN : 9780198037996
Wahhabi Islam : From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad by Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding Georgetown University Natana J. Delong-Bas Senior Research Assistant Pdf
Before 9/11, few Westerners had heard of Wahhabism. Today, it is a household word. Frequently mentioned in association with Osama bin Laden, Wahhabism is portrayed by the media and public officials as an intolerant, puritanical, militant interpretation of Islam that calls for the wholesale destruction of the West in a jihad of global proportions. In the first study ever undertaken of the writings of Wahhabism's founder, Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1702-1791), Natana DeLong-Bas shatters these stereotypes and misconceptions. Her reading of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's works produces a revisionist thesis: Ibn Abd al-Wahhab was not the godfather of contemporary terrorist movements. Rather, he was a voice of reform, reflecting mainstream 18th-century Islamic thought. His vision of Islamic society was based upon a monotheism in which Muslims, Christians and Jews were to enjoy peaceful co-existence and cooperative commercial and treaty relations. Eschewing medieval interpretations of the Quran and hadith (sayings and deeds of the prophet Muhammad), Ibn Abd al-Wahhab called for direct, historically contextualized interpretation of scripture by both women and men. His understanding of theology and Islamic law was rooted in Quranic values, rather than literal interpretations. A strong proponent of women's rights, he called for a balance of rights between women and men both within marriage and in access to education and public space. In the most comprehensive study of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's interpretation of jihad ever written, DeLong-Bas details a vision in which jihad is strictly limited to the self-defense of the Muslim community against military aggression. Contemporary extremists like Osama bin Laden do not have their origins in Wahhabism, she shows. The hallmark jihadi focus on a cult of martyrdom, the strict division of the world into two necessarily opposing spheres, the wholescale destruction of both civilian life and property, and the call for global jihad are entirely absent from Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's writings. Instead, the militant stance of contemporary jihadism lies in adherence to the writings of the medieval scholar, Ibn Taymiyya, and the 20th century Egyptian radical, Sayyid Qutb. This pathbreaking book fills an enormous gap in the literature about Wahhabism by returning to the original writings of its founder. Bound to be controversial, it will be impossible to ignore.
Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad by Devin R. Springer,James L. Regens,David N. Edger Pdf
Jihadist ideology inspires a diverse and decentralized collection of radical groups to fight alleged enemies of Islam and to attempt to "restore" a holy caliphate to unite Muslim peoples across the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad provides unique insights into the philosophical foundations, strategic vision, organizational dynamics, and tactics of the modern jihadist movement--with specific attention to its primary driver, Al-Qa'ida. Springer, Regens, and Edger draw heavily on Arabic language sources seldom seen in the West to explain what jihadists want and how radical thinkers have distorted the teachings of Islam to convince followers to pursue terrorism as a religious duty. With sophisticated and systematic analysis, the authors lead their readers on a fascinating intellectual journey through the differing ideas, goals, and vulnerabilities of the jihadist movement as it has evolved over time. The authors also impart wisdom from their own professional experience with terrorism, counterinsurgency, and intelligence to provide scholars, students, counterterrorism professionals, and general readers with this accessible overview of key radical Islamic thinkers and today's jihadists.
Fault Lines in Global Jihad by Assaf Moghadam,Brian Fishman Pdf
This book deals with the causes, nature, and impact of the divisions within the jihadi movement, and the splits between jihadis and other Islamic groups. Fault Lines in Global Jihad offers a systematic and comprehensive examination of the broad range of divisions that contribute to the weakening of the jihadi movement. It separates these divisions into two broad categories, namely fissures dividing jihadis themselves, and divisions separating jihadis from other Muslim and Islamist groups. The first part of the book covers intra-jihadi divisions, highlighting tensions and divisions over strategic, tactical, and organizational issues. The second part of the book addresses several important case studies of jihadi altercations with other Muslim and Islamist groups of non-jihadi persuasion, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, and the Shii community. More than simply an enumeration of problems and cracks within al-Qa’ida and its cohorts, this book addresses critical policy issues of relevance to the broader struggle against the global jihadi movement. The editors conclude that these divisions have and continue to weaken al-Qa’ida, but neither in an automatic nor in an exclusive fashion—for these divisions render the global jihadi movement simultaneously vulnerable and more resilient. This book will be of much interest to students of jihadism, terrorism and political violence, Islamism, security studies and IR in general.
Jihadism Transformed by Simon Staffell,Akil Awan Pdf
Jihadist narratives have evolved dramatically over the past five years, driven by momentous events in the Middle East and beyond; the death of bin Laden; the rise and ultimate failure of the Arab Spring; and most notably, the rise of the so-called Islamic State. For many years, al-Qaeda pointed to an aspirational future Caliphate as their utopian end goal - one which allowed them to justify their violent excesses in the here and now. Islamic State turned that aspiration into a dystopic reality, and in the process hijacked the jihadist narrative, breathing new life into the global Salafi-Jihadi movement. Despite air-strikes from above, and local disillusionment from below, the new caliphate has stubbornly persisted and has been at the heart of ISIS's growing global appeal. This timely collection of essays examines how jihadist narratives have changed globally, adapting to these turbulent circumstances. Area and thematic specialists consider transitions inside the Middle East and North Africa as well as in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. As these analyses demonstrate, the success of the ISIS narrative has been as much about resonance with local contexts, as it has been about the appeal of the global idea of a tangible and realised caliphate.
Political Islam and Human Security by Shahram Akbarzadeh,Fethi Mansouri Pdf
In the wake of the September 11 and subsequent terrorist attacks, the academic and media commentaries on Islam the religion and Islam the basis for political ideology haves received an unprecedented high level of exposure and attention. The acts of political violence by extremist groups and the omnipresent war on terror have added fresh uncertainties to an already complex global order. Just as terrorism and counter-terrorism are locked in a mutually re-enforcing symbiosis, the sense of insecurity felt by Muslims and non-Muslims alike is mutually dependent and has the potential to escalate. This general assessment holds true for Muslims living in the Muslim world and beyond. The pervasive sense of being under attack physically and culturally by the United States and its allies has contributed to a growing unease among Muslims and re-enforced deep-seated mistrust of the ‘West’. Public articulation of such misgivings has in turn, lent credence to Western observers who posit an inherent antipathy between the West and the Muslim world. The subsequent policies that have emerged in this context of fear and mutual distrust have contributed to the vicious cycle of insecurity. The present volume is anchored in the current debates on the uneasy and potentially mutually destructive relationship between the Muslim world and certain West countries. It brings together leading international scholars in this interdisciplinary field to deal with such inter-related questions as the nature of Islamism, the impact of the ‘war on terror’ on the spread of militancy, the growing sense of being under siege by Muslim Diasporas and the many unintended ramifications of a security-minded world order. This volume deliberately focuses on these issues both at a broad theoretical level but more importantly in the form of a number of prominent case studies including Indonesia, Algeria and Turkey
A Theory of International Terrorism by L. Ali Khan Pdf
A Theory of International Terrorism studies Islamic militancy in the geopolitical contexts of Chechnya, Kashmir, Palestine, and the September 11 attacks on the United States. These contexts have shaped a global ontology of Islamic terrorism, which asserts that puritan Islam is inherently violent and Muslim militants are addicted to carnage. This ontology is significantly changing international law. It defends the preemptive war on terror and disregards civil liberties, prescribing extra-judicial killings, torture, renditions, indefinite detentions, and numerous other human rights violations. These normative shifts are considered inevitable to suppress Muslim militants. Questioning these shifts, the book argues that the policy of no negotiations with Muslim militants is contrary to the UN Charter. It also argues that terrorism cannot be eradicated unless the Nation-State evolves into the Free State, a concept developed in The Extinction of Nation-States (1996) and A Theory of Universal Democracy (2003). Universities, governments, and international organizations will find this book a source of valuable information.
How has Islamic State been able to muster support far beyond its initial constituency in the Arab world and attract tens of thousands of foreign volunteers, including converts to Islam, and seemingly countless supporters online? In this compelling intervention into the debate about Islamic State's origins and future prospects, the renowned French political scientist, Olivier Roy, argues that while terrorism and jihadism are familiar phenomena, the group's deliberate pursuit of death has produced a new kind of radical violence. In other words, we're facing not a radicalization of Islam, but the Islamization of radicalism. Indeed, Roy argues, young European Muslims drawn to IS are attracted to the organization's violent means rather than utopian dreams of a caliphate. He places IS in the context of other radical millenialist groups such as China's Red Guards, Cambodia's Khmer Rouge, and Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army. In doing so, he shows that violence, not religious fundamentalism, is the central thread connecting young people who are drawn to radical groups. Jihad and Death is a concise dissection of the highly sophisticated narrative mobilized by IS: the myth of the caliphate recast into a modern story of heroism and nihilism.
