Guidelines On The Management Of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241548908

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Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection by World Health Organization Pdf

BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), defined as a state of persistent immune response to prior-acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active TB, affects about one-third of the world's population. Approximately 10% of people with LTBI will develop active TB disease in their lifetime, with the majority developing it within the first five years after initial infection. Currently available treatments have an efficacy ranging from 60% to 90%. Systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in at-risk populations is a critical component of WHO's eight-point framework adapted from the End TB Strategy to target pre-elimination and, ultimately, elimination in low incidence countries. OVERVIEW: Recognizing the importance of expanding the response to LTBI, in 2014 WHO developed Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. The guidelines are primarily targeted at high-income or upper middle-income countries with an estimated TB incidence rate of less than 100 per 100 000 population, because they are most likely to benefit from it due to their current TB epidemiology and resource availability. The overall objective of the guidelines is to provide public health approach guidance on evidence-based practices for testing, treating and managing LTBI in individuals with the highest risk of progression to active disease. Specific objectives include identifying and prioritizing at-risk population groups for targeted intervention of LTBI testing and treatment, including defining an algorithm, and recommending specific treatment options. The guidelines are expected to provide the basis and rationale for the development of national guidelines for LTBI management based on available resources, epidemiology of TB including intensity of transmission, the health-care delivery system of the country, and other national and local determinants.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9240047727

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WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis by World Health Organization Pdf

The WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Tuberculosis Care and Support informs health care professionals in Member States on how to improve treatment and care for patients with TB. These guidelines group all recommendations on TB care and support in one document and are complemented by an operational handbook. The guidelines are to be used primarily by national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, stakeholders and technical organizations working on TB care in the public and private sectors and in the community.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9241548746

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Guidance for National Tuberculosis Programmes on the Management of Tuberculosis in Children by World Health Organization Pdf

It is estimated that one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB)), and that each year, about 9 million people develop TB, of whom about 2 million die. Of the 9 million annual TB cases, about 1 million (11%) occur in children (under 15 years of age). Of these childhood cases, 75% occur annually in 22 high-burden countries that together account for 80% of the world's estimated incident cases. In countries worldwide, the reported percentage of all TB cases occurring in children varies from 3% to more than 25%. The Stop TB Strategy, which builds on the DOTS strategy developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Union Against TB and Lung Disease, has a critical role in reducing the worldwide burden of disease and thus in protecting children from infection and disease. The management of children with TB should be in line with the Stop TB Strategy, taking into consideration the particular epidemiology and clinical presentation of TB in children. These consensus guidelines were produced to help the National Tuberculosis Programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Regulating Occupational Exposure to Tuberculosis
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309171250

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Tuberculosis in the Workplace by Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Regulating Occupational Exposure to Tuberculosis Pdf

Before effective treatments were introduced in the 1950s, tuberculosis was a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Health care workers were at particular risk. Although the occupational risk of tuberculosis has been declining in recent years, this new book from the Institute of Medicine concludes that vigilance in tuberculosis control is still needed in workplaces and communities. Tuberculosis in the Workplace reviews evidence about the effectiveness of control measuresâ€"such as those recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionâ€"intended to prevent transmission of tuberculosis in health care and other workplaces. It discusses whether proposed regulations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration would likely increase or sustain compliance with effective control measures and would allow adequate flexibility to adapt measures to the degree of risk facing workers.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Antitubercular agents
ISBN : UIUC:30112118366886

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Treatment of Tuberculosis by World Health Organization Pdf

Author : Dorothee Heemskerk,Maxine Caws,Ben Marais,Jeremy Farrar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319191324

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Tuberculosis in Adults and Children by Dorothee Heemskerk,Maxine Caws,Ben Marais,Jeremy Farrar Pdf

This work contains updated and clinically relevant information about tuberculosis. It is aimed at providing a succinct overview of history and disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and the most recent scientific developments in the field of tuberculosis research, with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. It may serve as a practical resource for students, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of infectious diseases.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240022676

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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2 by World Health Organization Pdf

The WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease is an updated and consolidated summary of WHO recommendations on systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease, containing 17 recommendations for populations in which TB screening should be conducted and tools to be used for TB screening. TB screening is strongly recommendations for household and close contacts of individuals with TB, people living with HIV, miners exposed to silica dust, and prisoners. In addition, screening is conditionally recommended for people with risk factors for TB attending health care, and for communities with risk factors for TB and limited access to care (e.g. homeless, urban poor, refugees, migrants). General population screening is recommended in high-burden settings (0.5% prevalence or higher). Symptoms, chest radiography (CXR), and molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for TB are recommended as screening tools for all adults eligible for screening. Computer-aided detection programmes are recommended as alternatives to human interpretation of CXR in settings where trained personnel are scarce. For people living with HIV, C-reactive protein is also a good screening tool. This guideline document is accompanied by an operational handbook, the WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease, that presents principles of screening, steps in planning and implementing a screening programme, and algorithm options for screening different populations.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241565646

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Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 by World Health Organization Pdf

WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and of progress in prevention diagnosis and treatment of the disease at global regional and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies and targets endorsed by WHO?s Member States and broader development goals set by the United Nations (UN). The 2018 edition of the global TB report was released on 18 September in the lead up to the first-ever UN High Level Meeting on TB on 26 September 2018.

Author : King K. Holmes,Stefano Bertozzi,Barry R. Bloom,Prabhat Jha
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464805257

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by King K. Holmes,Stefano Bertozzi,Barry R. Bloom,Prabhat Jha Pdf

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240001503

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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis by World Health Organization Pdf

The WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: tuberculosis preventive treatment provides a comprehensive set of recommendations for programmatic management of tuberculosis preventive treatment (PMTPT) geared towards the implementers of the WHO End TB Strategy and also for countries intent upon TB elimination (9). The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB and HIV and maternal and child programmes or their equivalents in ministries of health and for other policy-makers working on TB, HIV, infectious diseases and maternal and child health. They are also appropriate for staff of ministries of justice, correctional services and other government agencies which deliver healthcare, including prison services, social services and immigration. The guidelines are also intended for clinicians in the public or the private sectors working on TB, HIV, infectious diseases, prevention, child health and noncommunicable diseases such as chronic kidney disease and cancer. The persons directly affected by the guidelines are risk groups for whom TB preventive treatment is recommended.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on the Elimination of Tuberculosis in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2000-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309171946

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Ending Neglect by Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on the Elimination of Tuberculosis in the United States Pdf

Tuberculosis emerged as an epidemic in the 1600s, began to decline as sanitation improved in the 19th century, and retreated further when effective therapy was developed in the 1950s. TB was virtually forgotten until a recent resurgence in the U.S. and around the worldâ€"ominously, in forms resistant to commonly used medicines. What must the nation do to eliminate TB? The distinguished committee from the Institute of Medicine offers recommendations in the key areas of epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis and treatment, funding and organization of public initiatives, and the U.S. role worldwide. The panel also focuses on how to mobilize policy makers and the public to effective action. The book provides important background on the pathology of tuberculosis, its history and status in the U.S., and the public and private response. The committee explains how the U.S. can act with both self-interest and humanitarianism in addressing the worldwide incidence of TB.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2022-04-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240048126

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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4 by World Health Organization Pdf

Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment includes a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB. The document includes two new recommendations, one on the composition of shorter regimens and one on the use of the BPaL regimen (i.e. bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). In addition, the consolidated guidelines include existing recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR/RR-TB, including longer regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care. The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, and for other policy-makers and technical organizations working on TB and infectious diseases in public and private sectors and in the community.

Author : Samuel Ikwaras Okware
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-12-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789846027

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Advances in HIV and AIDS Control by Samuel Ikwaras Okware Pdf

The HIV epidemic has had a significant and profound impact on the world and health resources. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the risks and drivers of the epidemic. Antiretroviral drugs have relieved human suffering and prolonged life. However, access to quality management needs to scale up and be made universal. This book discusses critical issues related to the treatment of HIV infection and related co-infections and challenges in adherence and discordancy. New vaccine approaches discussed may provide the ultimate solution for eradication. Sharing knowledge from various experts in medical and basic sciences improves the quality of care for this persistent global threat. This book discusses emerging advances in HIV-AIDS management to support strategies for control and elimination.

Author : Euzebiusz Jamrozik,Michael Selgelid
Publisher : Springer
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 303027876X

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Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health by Euzebiusz Jamrozik,Michael Selgelid Pdf

This Open Access volume provides in-depth analysis of the wide range of ethical issues associated with drug-resistant infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized to be one of the greatest threats to global public health in coming decades; and it has thus become a major topic of discussion among leading bioethicists and scholars from related disciplines including economics, epidemiology, law, and political theory. Topics covered in this volume include responsible use of antimicrobials; control of multi-resistant hospital-acquired infections; privacy and data collection; antibiotic use in childhood and at the end of life; agricultural and veterinary sources of resistance; resistant HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria; mandatory treatment; and trade-offs between current and future generations. As the first book focused on ethical issues associated with drug resistance, it makes a timely contribution to debates regarding practice and policy that are of crucial importance to global public health in the 21st century.

Author : Kansas. Division of Public Health
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Mycobacterial diseases
ISBN : OCLC:1422896693

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Latent Tuberculosis Infection Investigation Guideline by Kansas. Division of Public Health Pdf

Latent TB Infection (LTBI) is diagnosed by medical history, physical examination, chest x-ray and other laboratory tests. If a person has a positive TB test result, a negative chest x-ray, and a medical evaluation does not indicate TB disease (i.e. the patient does NOT have symptoms) the person is diagnosed with LTBI. Latent TB has several treatment options...and a treatment regimen should be selected based on a patient's risk for developing TB disease, their medical history, and the recommendation of a health care provider. If a patient has any of the following symptoms, they should be evaluated for Active TB disease NOT LTBI: Unexplained weight loss, Loss of appetite, Night sweats, Fever, Fatigue, Coughing for greater than 3 weeks, Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) [or] Chest pain.