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Author : Victor Duruy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 790 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1886
Category : Rome
ISBN : UCD:31175001843047
Author : Charles River Editors
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-12-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1791384838
*Includes pictures *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "From the study of this history we may also learn how a good government is to be established; for while all the emperors who succeeded to the throne by birth, except Titus, were bad, all were good who succeeded by adoption, as in the case of the five from Nerva to Marcus. But as soon as the empire fell once more to the heirs by birth, its ruin recommenced...Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, and Marcus had no need of praetorian cohorts, or of countless legions to guard them, but were defended by their own good lives, the good-will of their subjects, and the attachment of the senate." - Niccolo Machiavelli "If a man were called upon to fix that period in the history of the world during which the condition of the human race was most happy and prosperous he would, without hesitation, name that which elapsed from the deaths of Domitian to the accession of Commodus." - Edward Gibbon "The Five Good Emperors," a reference to the five emperors who ruled the Roman Empire between 96 and 180 CE (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius), was a term first coined by Machiavelli and later adopted and popularized by historian Edward Gibbon, who said that under these men, the Roman Empire "was governed by absolute power under the guidance of wisdom and virtue." This period of 84 years is generally regarded as the high point of the Roman Empire, at least after Augustus, but what is uncertain and a matter of ongoing debate is whether the five emperors were personally responsible for the situation and the accompanying prosperity enjoyed throughout the empire at the time or if they were simply the beneficiaries of the Pax Romana, inaugurated by Augustus in the early part of the 1st century CE. In other words, historians have wondered whether anyone in power during those years would have enjoyed the same rewards. The description of these rulers as "good" is also a matter of interpretation, with some scholars suggesting they were only "good" in comparison to the preceding emperor (Domitian) and the emperor who followed Marcus Aurelius (Commodus). Both of them were horrible rulers in every aspect, making their near contemporaries look all the better. Regardless, it is clear that the era of the Five Good Emperors was one of unparalleled success and wealth, and the reasons Rome reached its zenith at this time are worthy of scrutiny. Perhaps most noteworthy is that none of these five emperors were blood relatives - while the final two are often referred to as the Antonines, they were not, in fact, related except by adoption, a practice that may in itself provide at least part of the answer to the question as to why this particular period was so magnificent. These 84 years also witnessed an impressive growth in the size of the Roman Empire. New acquisitions ranged from northern Britain to Arabia, Mesopotamia, and Dacia. Furthermore, existing possessions were consolidated, and the empire's defenses improved when compared to what had come before. A range of countries that had been client states became fully integrated provinces, and even Italy saw administrative reforms which created further wealth. Throughout the empire, the policy of Romanization proved successful, at least in terms of introducing a common language, enabling standards of living to rise, and creating a political system minimizing internal strife. With all of that said, according to some academics, the success these rulers had in centralizing the empire's administration, while undoubtedly bringing huge benefits, also sowed the seeds for later problems. After all, as so many Roman emperors proved, from Caligula and Nero to Commodus, the empire's approach to governance was predicated on the ruler's ability. When incompetent or insane emperors came to power, the whole edifice came tumbling down.
Author : Samuel Dill
Publisher : Good Press
Page : 694 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-03-16
Category : Religion
ISBN : EAN:4064066101800
As can be discerned from the title, this is a history book that chronicles the lives of people who were part of the Roman Empire, from the era where they were ruled by Nero, all the way up to Marcus Aurelius. Between Nero and Marcus Aurelius, there were also the following Roman emperors, some of them notable rulers in their own right: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius.
Author : Ferdinand Gregorovius
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1898
Category : Emperors
ISBN : HARVARD:32044022678882
Author : Beatriz Santillian,Julian Morgan
Publisher : The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781508174851
The height of the Roman Empire�s power was during the reign of Hadrian. While endless predecessors and their rivals fought for expansion, Hadrian focused on sustaining his domain and his people�s livelihood. Readers will learn how even such an internal focus can lead to tragedy, specifically by intersecting religion with absolute statesmanship, as the Bar Kokhbah Revolt demonstrated. Regardless, conducting massive city-building projects, fortifying the borders of the empire, and other feats christen Hadrian as the third of the Five Good Emperors. Santillian and Morgan�s exhaustive research culminates in a comprehensive examination of all that Hadrian left in his wake.
Author : Hugh Chisholm
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1016 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1911
Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries
ISBN : UOM:39015015204509
Author : John Bagnell Bury
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1893
Category : Rome
ISBN : UIUC:30112023898171
Author : Bernard William Henderson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1923
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015025889562
Author : Anthony R Birley,Anthony R. Birley
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135952266
Hadrian's reign (AD 117-138) was a watershed in the history of the Roman Empire. Hadrian abandoned his predecessor Trajan's eastern conquests - Mesopotamia and Armenia - trimmed down the lands beyond the lower Danube, and constructed new demarcation lines in Germany, North Africa, and most famously Hadrian's Wall in Britain, to delimit the empire. The emperor Hadrian, a strange and baffling figure to his contemporaries, had a many-sided personality. Insatiably ambitious, and a passionate Philhellene, he promoted the 'Greek Renaissance' extravagantly. But his attempt to Hellenize the Jews, including the outlawing of circumcision, had disastrous consequences, and his 'Greek' love of the beautiful Bithynian boy Antinous ended in tragedy. No comprehensive account of Hadrian's life and reign has been attempted for over seventy years. In Hadrian: The Restless Emperor, Anthony Birley brings together the new evidence from inscriptions and papyri, and up-to-date and in-depth examination of the work of other scholars on aspects of Hadrian's reign and policies such as the Jewish war, the coinage, Hadrian's building programme in Rome, Athens and Tivoli, and his relationship with his favourite, Antinous, to provide a thorough and fascinating account of the private and public life of a man who, though hated when he died, left an indelible mark on the Roman Empire.
Author : Bernard William Henderson
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1927
Category : Emperors
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : John Bagnell Bury
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1920
Category : Rome
ISBN : UCD:31175001523946
Author : Edward Gibbon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1789
Category : Byzantine Empire
ISBN : NYPL:33433081597316
Author : Michael Grant
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-05-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317972112
The Antonines - Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus and Commodus - played a crucial part in the development of the Roman empire, controlling its huge machine for half a century of its most testing period. Edward Gibbon observed that the epoch of the Antonines, the 2nd century A.D., was the happiest period the world had ever known. In this lucid, authoritative survey, Michael Grant re-examines Gibbon's statement, and gives his own magisterial account of how the lives of the emperors and the art, literature, architecture and overall social condition under the Antonines represented an `age of transition'. The Antonines is essential reading for anyone who is interested in ancient history, as well as for all students and teachers of the subject.
Author : Nottingham (England). Free Public Reference Library
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1892
Category : Classified catalogs
ISBN : UIUC:30112119752456
Author : Matthew Bunson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : 0195102339
The extraordinarily rich cultural legacy of the Roman world has had a profound affect world civilization. Roman achievements in architecture, law, politics, literature, war, and philosophy serve as the foundation of modern Western society. Now, for the first time in an A-Z format, A Dictionary of the Roman Empire assembles the people, places, events, and ideas of this remarkable period in one easy-to-use source. With over 1,900 entries covering more than five hundred years of Roman history, from Julius Caesar and the Gallic Wars (59-51 B.C.) to the fall of Romulus Augustus, the last Roman emperor (476 A.D.), this accessible guide provides quick reference to one of the most studied periods of all antiquity. Every aspect of Roman life is included. Here are profiles of the great emperors, such as Marcus Aurelius, one of the most profoundly intellectual monarchs in western civilization, and the aberrant Gaius Caligula, who, after draining the Roman treasury with his eccentric behavior, made it a capital crime for citizens not to bequeath him their estates. Informative entries describe the complex workings of Roman government, such as census taking, the creation of civil service, coinage, and the venerable institution of the Senate, and offer insight into the various trends and cultural tastes that developed throughout Roman history. For example, a discussion on baths, the most common type of building in the Roman Empire, demonstrates the unique intermingling of luxury, community, recreation, and, in the provinces, an association with Rome, that served as the focus of any city aspiring to greatness. Other entries describe the practice of paganism, marriage and divorce, ludi (public games held to entertain the Roman populace), festivals of the Roman year, and gluttony (epitomized by famous gourmands such as the emperor Vitellius, who according to the historian Suetonius, lived for food, banqueting three or four times a day, routinely vomiting up his meal and starting over). Also featured are longer essays on such topics as art and architecture, gods and goddesses, and the military, as well as a chronology, a short glossary of Roman terms, and appendices listing the emperors of the Empire and diagram the often intertwined family trees of ruling dynasties. Comprehensive, authoritative, and illustrated with over sixty illustrations and maps, A Dictionary of the Roman Empire provides easy access to the remarkable civilization upon which Western society was built.
