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Written a leading expert, Handbook of Yarn Production: Technology, Science and Economics is an authoritative and comprehensive guide to textile yarn manufacturing. The book is designed to allow readers to explore the subject in various levels of detail. The first three chapters provide an overview of yarn production, products and key principles. The book then reviews in detail the production processes for short-staple, long-staple and filament yarns. There are also chapters on quality control and the economics of staple-yarn production. The final part of the book consists of a series of appendices with more detailed technical data and worked examples, providing in-depth analysis of key topics.
Almost all fabrics, whether woven or knitted, are produced from spun thread. However, this thread or yarn, produced by the spinning operation, either by a hand spinner using the simplest drop spindle or spinning wheel, or spun on the latest automated spinning frame, is rarely in a form suitable to be used immediately for producing a fabric. A broad range of tasks must be undertaken before the actual fabric production is reached. "Yarn Preparation" is concerned with the preparation of yarns which have been spun from staple fibres, and describes the post-spinning processes prior to fabric manufacture, such as yarn doubling, winding and spinning. Covers the operations to consider when producing a fabric by even the most basic of techniques. The information on basic processes, machinery and equipment should assist those people involved in the production of fabrics by showing ways to improve the quality to the end product. Includes a list of suppliers, sources of further information and a reading list. This is a valuable book which fills the need for a practical manual specifically about yarn preparation. Much has been published about the main textile areas of yarn manufacture and fabric production (both weaving and knitting), because yarn preparation tends to be a series of link operations, there have been very few books specifically directed to this area of processing. The "Small-Scale Textiles" series aims to present basic information about all aspects of small-scale textile manufacture from raw rmaterials to finished products, and will be of use to fieldworkers, development agencies, and those starting small-scale manufacture or attempting to improve or extend manufacture.
This new text provides a comprehensive but introductory guide to key theoretical aspects of yarn production. It summarizes, unifies and explains a large body of recent literature devoted to theoretical and experimental studies of this area of textile technology. The basic analytical tools provided will be useful to textile engineers in quantifying the solutions to a whole range of textile processing problems. Two introductory chapters provide a foundation of practical information. The first is a 36-page review of present-day yarn production technology, including a discussion of fiber properties and sources, the principal methods of yarn production and their underlying principles, and yarn formation. The second introductory chapter covers the forces that act on fibers and yarns in the course of processing, and the effect and use of these forces in fiber alignment and straightening. Following, basic areas of yarn production theory are examined: drafting theory, fiber blending, ballooning theory, and tension and twist changes along a threadline. Analytical tools and simplified solutions are provided for each area of theory. The text is supplemented by more than 90 diagrams, flowcharts, graphs and other schematics that illustrate processes and theoretical concepts. The information in this new text will be useful to textile process engineers involved in fiber and yarn production.
Woollen Spinning, Weaving, Knitting, Dyeing, Bleaching and Printing Technology Handbook by NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers Pdf
Spinning is a major industry; it is part of the textile manufacturing process where three types of fibre are converted into yarn, then fabric, then textiles. The textiles are then fabricated into clothes or other artifacts. The fundamental operations for the stocks of fibers from which a woollen yarn is made are opening, cleaning, mixing, forming a slubbing or roving and finally thinning the roving to the required yarn number and twisting it to produce a yarn possessing the requirements for subsequent processing such as warping, winding, weaving, finishing and dyeing. These demands vary with the different conditions confronted in manufacturing but include the following features: strength, elasticity, uniformity in weight per unit length and even distribution of twist. Woollen spinning involves three principal operations, irrespective of whether the mule or the frame or ring spinner is used, namely: Drafting, final drawing out, Twisting, or insertion of twist, Winding on, or packaging. Weaving constitutes the actual production of cloth or fabric, i.e., to combine the essentially one dimensional textile structure thread or yarn in such a way as to result in an essentially two dimensional structure of cloth of certain appearance, hand and strength. Knitting is the art and science of constructing a fabric by inter lacing loops, there are two types of knitting: warp and weft knitting. In recent years whole new classes of dyes such as fiber reactive, disperse, cationic basic, neutral dying premetalized have been discovered and produced for the dyeing of the natural and new synthetic, hydrophobic fibers. Bleaching improves whiteness by removing natural coloration and remaining trace impurities from the cotton; the degree of bleaching necessary is determined by the required whiteness and absorbency. Cotton being a vegetable fibre will be bleached using an oxidizing agent, such as dilute sodium hypochlorite or dilute hydrogen peroxide. If the fabric is to be dyed a deep shade, then lower levels of bleaching are acceptable, for example. However, for white bed sheetings and medical applications, the highest levels of whiteness and absorbency are essential. Wool fiber production technology necessitates full understanding of its growth, pristine structure, physical, chemical and functional properties as well as processes involving manufacture of textile fibers. Some of the fundamentals of the book are woollen spinning, atmospheric conditions in wool manufacturing, Bradford system top gilling or top finishing, the principle of weaving, woollen and worsted weaves, knitting, the changing outlook of the knitting industry, influence of fiber fineness on quantity of dye required, altering the affinity of the wool fiber for dyes, dyeing of yarn according to the packing system, special wool finishes, water repellent, stain resistant treatments for worsted and woollen fabrics, the printing of wool piece goods, lustering of wool fabrics, fluorochemicals, mothproofing etc. The present book is of its own kind which covers woollen spinning; knitting, dyeing, bleaching and printing, special wool finishes etc. This is an important reference book for wool technologists, scientists, new entrepreneurs, research scholars and all others related to this field.
Handbook of Sustainable Textile Production by Marion I Tobler-Rohr Pdf
Textile products are produced, distributed, sold and used worldwide. A quantitative assessment of sustainability in the textile manufacturing chain is therefore extremely important. The Handbook of sustainable textile production is a compilation of technical, economical, and environmental data from the various processes in this chain. This authoritative reference work provides a detailed study of the sustainable development of textiles. The book opens with an introduction to the topic. Chapters define the principles of sustainability and its use in legislation and industry before going on to investigate the impact of textiles throughout the supply chain, starting with the raw fibre through to fabric production, consumption and disposal. Textile process technology and methods for specifying quality and functions in textile products in order to reduce textile waste and improve sustainability are also examined. A series of Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) carried out in the European textile industry are investigated. These studies comprise a range of processes from cotton growing, spinning and weaving to the recycling of textiles. The book concludes with a discussion on sustainable textiles from a product development and marketing perspective. With an internationally recognised expert author, the Handbook of sustainable textile production is a valuable reference tool for academics and students as well as for companies across the textile supply chain concerned with developing a sustainable environment, from fibre manufactures and designers to regulatory bodies. A detailed, quantitative assessment of the sustainable development of textiles Provides a useful compilation of technical, economical, and environmental data from various processes in the textile manufacturing chain Chapters define the principles of sustainability and its use in legislation and industry, textile process technology, the impact of textiles throughout the supply chain, raw fibre through to fabric production, consumption and disposal
In this book leading experts within the industry come together to give the first comprehensive treatments of the science and technology of wool to be published in over 20 years. The wool industry has been through a period of substantial change, with a major overhaul of trading methods, exciting innovations in wool-scouring and wool processing methods, and the development of modern technology reflecting a strong emphasis on environmental concerns and energy conservation. Research into wool science has continued to grow, and the technologist now has a better understanding of both the chemical and the physical properties of wool. Modern instruments can determine the structural differences between several types of wool proteins and how they interact, and this knowledge is leading to a deeper understanding of what can be done to create better products and more effective processes. Wool: Science and technology is an essential reference resource for anyone involved in the worldwide wool industry whether as processor, manufacturer, or user for the garment and carpets trades. First new comprehensive treatment of wool for over 20 years Covers all aspects of processing, treatment and manufacture Contributions form distinguished experts worldwide
Yarn is the basic unit of textile construction and every fabric, except felt, is made with it. The properties of yarn-its ply, tensile strength, weight, elasticity, and resistance to heat, water, and shrinkage-are what give each yarn its unique characteristics. By manipulating these properties, an astonishing array of fabric types can be produced, creating any number of textures and appearances. By focusing on these varieties, Penny Walsh is able to closely examine the composition and construction of different yarns and explore their many uses. She examines the techniques of spinning and the mechanisms used to create yarn. Color illustrations accompany the text, demonstrating the appearances of different yarns. There is also practical instruction on making your own threads and yarns. The Yarn Book is written for the serious student and the professional textile artist, and will be useful for spinners and weavers. It is a complete guide to understanding, designing, and using yarn.
Fundamentals of Spun Yarn Technology by Carl A. Lawrence Pdf
Existing textbooks covering the subject of yarn manufacture largely concentrate on describing the workings of machines. Fundamentals of Spun Yarn Technology presents complete coverage of yarn manufacture and technology and current research findings on the structure and properties of spun yarns. Written by a well-known and respected authority on textile technology, it not only introduces the subject, but it provides students with an advanced understanding of the various process stages. The book introduces the rudiments of staple yarn technology, covering the manufacturing process, the raw materials, and processes including short staple, worsted, semiworsted and woollen spinning, doubling, and specialty yarn processes. It also covers the more advanced studies in staple yarn technology, including new developments in fiber preparation technology, carding technology, roller drafting, gilling, ring spinning, open-end rotor spinning, air jet spinning and new research on unconventional spinning systems. This extensive range of topics, along with hundreds of tables and illustrations presented in Fundamentals of Spun Yarn Technology make it a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the field.
A Beginner Spinner Guide For Learning The Intricacies of Spinning Wool Fiber Into Yarns Spinning is an ancient technique that is gaining popularity among contemporary crafters. It allows them to create distinctive, personalized, and uncommon yarns that may be utilized in modern crocheting, knitting, weaving, and embroidery, to mention but a few. It's an incredibly creative technique that's also simple to master by anyone. This book, Yarn Spinning Handbook, takes a newbie on an adventurous journey in the art of spinning across what they need to take active steps, with step-by-step instructions included. This book covers a range of learning points such as: 1. An explanation of the yarn spinning process 2. The tools and supplies (e.g., spindles, spinning wheels, fibers, etc.) to get started, their mode of operation, and how to choose the right tools and supplies for spinning 3. How to spin wool fiber into yarn using a drop spindle 4. How to spin wool fiber into yarn using a spinning wheel 5. How to pre-draft and draft wool fibers to produce yarn consistency 6. How to ply your yarn, using the 2-ply and Navajo/ chain ply technique as well resolving yarn plying problems 7. The methods to finish your handspun yarns (winding, washing/ steaming, drying, and twisting for later use in crocheting, weaving, knitting, etc.) 8. Troubleshooting yarn spinning problems 9. Tips for maintaining the spinning wheel And a whole lot more! So, what are you waiting for? Get a copy of this book RIGHT NOW to get started
Handbook of Technical Textiles by A. Richard Horrocks,Subhash C. Anand Pdf
The second edition of Handbook of Technical Textiles, Volume 1: Technical Textile Processes provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the latest advancements in technical textiles. With revised and updated coverage, including several new chapters, this volume reviews recent developments and technologies in the field, beginning with an overview of the technical textiles industry that includes coverage of technical fibers and yarns, weaving, spinning, knitting, and nonwoven production. Subsequent sections include discussions on finishing, coating, and the coloration of technical textiles. Provides a comprehensive handbook for all aspects of technical textiles Presents updated, detailed coverage of processes, fabric structure, and applications An ideal resource for those interested in high-performance textiles, textile processes, textile processing, and textile applications Contains contributions from many of the original, recognized experts from the first edition who update their respective chapters
Handbook of Fibre Rope Technology by H A McKenna,J. W. S. Hearle,N O'Hear Pdf
The field of fibre rope technology has witnessed incredible change and technological advance over the last few decades. At the forefront of this change has been the development of synthetic fibres and modern types of rope construction. This handbook updates the history and structural mechanics of fibre rope technology and describes the types and properties of modern rope-making materials and constructions. Following an introduction to fibre ropes, the Handbook of fibre rope technology takes a comprehensive look at rope-making materials, rope structures, properties and mechanics and covers rope production, focusing on laid strand, braided, low-twist and parallel yarn ropes. Terminations are also introduced and the many uses of rope are illustrated. The key issues surrounding the inspection and retirement of rope are identified and rope testing is thoroughly examined. The final two chapters review rope markets, distribution and liability and provide case studies from the many environments in which fibre rope is used. The Handbook of fibre rope technology is an essential reference for everyone assisting in the design, selection, use, inspection and testing of fibre rope. A comprehensive look at rope-making materials and structures, properties and mechanics Covers rope production including laid strand, braided, low-twist and parallel yarn ropes and rope terminations Rope testing is examined in depth, as well as the key issues surrounding rope retirement
