Health Care In America Separate And Unequal

Author : Kant Patel,Mark E Rushefsky
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-01-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317468882

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Health Care in America: Separate and Unequal by Kant Patel,Mark E Rushefsky Pdf

The American health care system is a unique mix of public and private programs that critics argue has produced a two-tier system - one for the rich and the other for the poor - that delivers dramatically unequal care and leaves millions of Americans seriously underinsured or with no coverage at all. This book examines the root causes of the inequalities of the American health care system and discusses various policy alternatives. It systematically documents the demands on and the performance of our health care system for different population groups as defined on the basis of gender (women), age (children), race and ethnicity (African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans), and residence in high poverty areas (rural and inner city locales).For each population, the book documents: historical and demographic profile, data on health status, aspects of inequality including access; quality of care; and endemic, cultural, and lifestyle issues affecting health; policies, laws, and programs relevant to health care; and, indicators of improvement or negative trends.

Author : Kant Patel,Mark E. Rushefsky
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Medical care
ISBN : 076560390X

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Health Care Politics and Policy in America by Kant Patel,Mark E. Rushefsky Pdf

Fully updated in this new edition, Health Care Politics and Policy in America combines a historical overview of U.S. health policy and programs with analysis of current trends and reform efforts. The book -- shows how health policy fits into the larger social, economic, political, and ideological environment of the United States; -- identifies the roles played by both public and private, institutional and individual actors in shaping the health care system at all levels; -- considers the trade-offs inherent in various policy choices and their impacts on different social groups; -- takes account of the dynamic impact of technological change on health care capacities, costs, and ethics. This edition includes expanded discussion of equity issues and whether there is a "right" to health care, and a new chapter on the issue of medical liability. The concluding chapter brings the story of health care policy up to the end of the millennium, with particular attention to the managed care revolution and reaction to it. The book equips readers with the basic tools for drawing more informed judgments in the ongoing debate about health care policy in the United States.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 781 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2009-02-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309082655

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Unequal Treatment by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care Pdf

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452960

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Communities in Action by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States Pdf

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2004-09-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309165860

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Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life Pdf

As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care. This volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health.

Author : Jessica M. Mulligan,Heide Castañeda
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-12-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781479848737

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Unequal Coverage by Jessica M. Mulligan,Heide Castañeda Pdf

"The Affordable Care Act set off an unprecedented wave of health insurance enrollment as the most sweeping overhaul of the U.S. health insurance system since 1965. In the years since its enactment, some 20 million uninsured Americans gained access to coverage. And yet, the law remained unpopular and politically vulnerable. While the ACA extended social protections to some groups, its implementation was troubled and the act itself created new forms of exclusion. Access to affordable coverage options were highly segmented by state of residence, income, and citizenship status. Unequal Coverage documents the everyday experiences of individuals and families across the U.S. as they attempted to access coverage and care in the five years following the passage of the ACA. It argues that while the Affordable Care Act succeeded in expanding access to care, it did so unevenly, ultimately also generating inequality and stratification. The volume investigates the outcomes of the ACA in communities throughout the country and provides up-close, intimate portraits of individuals and groups trying to access and provide health care for both the newly insured and those who remain uncovered. The contributors use the ACA as a lens to examine more broadly how social welfare policies in a multiracial and multiethnic democracy purport to be inclusive while simultaneously embracing certain kinds of exclusions"--Publisher's website.

Author : Michael Marmot
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781408857984

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The Health Gap by Michael Marmot Pdf

'Punchily written ... He leaves the reader with a sense of the gross injustice of a world where health outcomes are so unevenly distributed' Times Literary Supplement 'Splendid and necessary' Henry Marsh, author of Do No Harm, New Statesman There are dramatic differences in health between countries and within countries. But this is not a simple matter of rich and poor. A poor man in Glasgow is rich compared to the average Indian, but the Glaswegian's life expectancy is 8 years shorter. The Indian is dying of infectious disease linked to his poverty; the Glaswegian of violent death, suicide, heart disease linked to a rich country's version of disadvantage. In all countries, people at relative social disadvantage suffer health disadvantage, dramatically so. Within countries, the higher the social status of individuals the better is their health. These health inequalities defy usual explanations. Conventional approaches to improving health have emphasised access to technical solutions – improved medical care, sanitation, and control of disease vectors; or behaviours – smoking, drinking – obesity, linked to diabetes, heart disease and cancer. These approaches only go so far. Creating the conditions for people to lead flourishing lives, and thus empowering individuals and communities, is key to reduction of health inequalities. In addition to the scale of material success, your position in the social hierarchy also directly affects your health, the higher you are on the social scale, the longer you will live and the better your health will be. As people change rank, so their health risk changes. What makes these health inequalities unjust is that evidence from round the world shows we know what to do to make them smaller. This new evidence is compelling. It has the potential to change radically the way we think about health, and indeed society.

Author : Grace Budrys
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780742565081

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Unequal Health by Grace Budrys Pdf

Unequal Health asks why some individuals are living longer and enjoying better health than others. By contrasting popular beliefs about the relevance of such factors as sex, race, poverty, and health habits, Grace Budrys moves beyond factors that receive a great deal of media attention, such as smoking, diet, exercise, even genetic inheritance, and examines those factors that are far more difficult to identify and track, such as relative income and relative social status.

Author : Kant Patel,Mark E Rushefsky
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-01-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317468899

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Health Care in America: Separate and Unequal by Kant Patel,Mark E Rushefsky Pdf

The American health care system is a unique mix of public and private programs that critics argue has produced a two-tier system - one for the rich and the other for the poor - that delivers dramatically unequal care and leaves millions of Americans seriously underinsured or with no coverage at all. This book examines the root causes of the inequalities of the American health care system and discusses various policy alternatives. It systematically documents the demands on and the performance of our health care system for different population groups as defined on the basis of gender (women), age (children), race and ethnicity (African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans), and residence in high poverty areas (rural and inner city locales).For each population, the book documents: historical and demographic profile, data on health status, aspects of inequality including access; quality of care; and endemic, cultural, and lifestyle issues affecting health; policies, laws, and programs relevant to health care; and, indicators of improvement or negative trends.

Author : Kant Patel,Mark E. Rushefsky
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-04-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780765644411

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Healthcare Politics and Policy in America by Kant Patel,Mark E. Rushefsky Pdf

Fully updated, this new edition provides a comprehensive examination of the ways that health policy has been shaped by the political, socioeconomic, and ideological environment of the United States. The roles played by public and private, institutional and individual actors in designing the healthcare system are identified at all levels.

Author : Kant Patel,Mark E Rushefsky
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2014-12-18
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781317468837

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Healthcare Politics and Policy in America: 2014 by Kant Patel,Mark E Rushefsky Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive examination of the ways that health policy has been shaped by the political, socioeconomic, and ideological environment of the United States. The roles played by public and private, institutional and individual actors in designing the healthcare system are identified at all levels. The book addresses the key problems of healthcare cost, access, and quality through analyses of Medicare, Medicaid, the Veterans Health Administration, and other programs, and the ethical and cost implications of advances in healthcare technology. This fully updated fourth edition gives expanded attention to the fiscal and financial impact of high healthcare costs and the struggle for healthcare reform, culminating in the passage of the Affordable Care Act, with preliminary discussion of implementation issues associated with the Affordable Care Act as well as attempts to defund and repeal it. Each chapter concludes with discussion questions and a comprehensive reference list. Helpful appendices provide a guide to websites and a chronology. PowerPoint slides and other instructional materials are available to instructors who adopt the book.

Author : Desmond S. King
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 019829249X

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Separate and Unequal by Desmond S. King Pdf

Segregation in Federal government agencies and programmes has been little appreciated as a key trait of American race relations in the decades before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Federal government used its power to impose a segregated pattern of race relations among its employees and, through its programmes, upon the whole of American society well beyond the Mason-Dixon line. This pattern structured the relationship between ordinary black Americans and the US Federal government -whether as employees of government agencies, inmates, or officers in federal prisons, indicutees in the Armed Services, consumers of fedarlly guaranteed mortgages or job-seekers in United States Employment offices or visitors to National Parks in which the facilities were segregated (or in some cases, non-existent for Black American visitors). In all these instances, segregation did not imply seperation simply but also profound inequality. Using extensive and original archival sources, King documents how instead of thwarting segregated race relations, the Federal government participated in their maintenance and diffusion. This is the book's first major theme, explored through detailed examination of Federal government departments and programmes. The book's second major theme is that segregated race relations resulted in intense inequality for Black Americans.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Health
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Compulsory health insurance
ISBN : PSU:000017417198

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Health Insurance Options by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Health Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Health Care Utilization and Adults with Disabilities
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309469210

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Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Health Care Utilization and Adults with Disabilities Pdf

The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide benefits based on disability: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This report analyzes health care utilizations as they relate to impairment severity and SSA's definition of disability. Health Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination identifies types of utilizations that might be good proxies for "listing-level" severity; that is, what represents an impairment, or combination of impairments, that are severe enough to prevent a person from doing any gainful activity, regardless of age, education, or work experience.

Author : Bambra, Clare,Lynch, Julia,Katherine E. Smith
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2021-06-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781447361237

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The Unequal Pandemic by Bambra, Clare,Lynch, Julia,Katherine E. Smith Pdf

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC- ND This accessible, yet authoritative book shows how the pandemic is a syndemic of disease and inequality. It argues that these inequalities are a political choice and we need to learn quickly to prevent growing inequality and to reduce health inequalities in the future.