Health Care Waste Management And Covid 19 Pandemic

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Health Care Waste Management and COVID 19 Pandemic

Sadhan Kumar Ghosh,Pariatamby Agamuthu
Health Care Waste Management and COVID 19 Pandemic Book PDF

Author : Sadhan Kumar Ghosh,Pariatamby Agamuthu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811693366

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Health Care Waste Management and COVID 19 Pandemic by Sadhan Kumar Ghosh,Pariatamby Agamuthu Pdf

This book deals with the general principles, policy instruments, sustainability of supply chain, and business of health-care waste (HCW) management including inputs on exercise in immune health defense against COVID 19. Health-care waste management is very important in any country for protection of environmental and animal and human health. The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition, has augmented this importance to a greater extent. Italy has been successful in curbing the problems related to HCW management during the COVID-19 pandemic at very fast rates from the worst situation, while for a few countries in Asia and Africa, challenges still exist. It is necessary that policy makers, researchers, and implementers gain more knowledge and information on these aspects and improve the strategies and actions. Addressing these issues will reduce the cost of health care as well as resource inefficiency hindering sustainable development goals. This book is of interest and useful to practitioners, capacity builders and policy makers, entrepreneurs, NGOs, and general people, and is a valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers and students in global markets. The book serves as a reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of environmental science, waste management, and medical science. National and international scientists as well as policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.

Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities

World Health Organization
Safe Management of Wastes from Health care Activities Book PDF

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241548564

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Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities by World Health Organization Pdf

This is the second edition of the WHO handbook on the safe, sustainable and affordable management of health-care waste--commonly known as "the Blue Book". The original Blue Book was a comprehensive publication used widely in health-care centers and government agencies to assist in the adoption of national guidance. It also provided support to committed medical directors and managers to make improvements and presented practical information on waste-management techniques for medical staff and waste workers. It has been more than ten years since the first edition of the Blue Book. During the intervening period, the requirements on generators of health-care wastes have evolved and new methods have become available. Consequently, WHO recognized that it was an appropriate time to update the original text. The purpose of the second edition is to expand and update the practical information in the original Blue Book. The new Blue Book is designed to continue to be a source of impartial health-care information and guidance on safe waste-management practices. The editors' intention has been to keep the best of the original publication and supplement it with the latest relevant information. The audience for the Blue Book has expanded. Initially, the publication was intended for those directly involved in the creation and handling of health-care wastes: medical staff, health-care facility directors, ancillary health workers, infection-control officers and waste workers. This is no longer the situation. A wider range of people and organizations now have an active interest in the safe management of health-care wastes: regulators, policy-makers, development organizations, voluntary groups, environmental bodies, environmental health practitioners, advisers, researchers and students. They should also find the new Blue Book of benefit to their activities. Chapters 2 and 3 explain the various types of waste produced from health-care facilities, their typical characteristics and the hazards these wastes pose to patients, staff and the general environment. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the guiding regulatory principles for developing local or national approaches to tackling health-care waste management and transposing these into practical plans for regions and individual health-care facilities. Specific methods and technologies are described for waste minimization, segregation and treatment of health-care wastes in Chapters 6, 7 and 8. These chapters introduce the basic features of each technology and the operational and environmental characteristics required to be achieved, followed by information on the potential advantages and disadvantages of each system. To reflect concerns about the difficulties of handling health-care wastewaters, Chapter 9 is an expanded chapter with new guidance on the various sources of wastewater and wastewater treatment options for places not connected to central sewerage systems. Further chapters address issues on economics (Chapter 10), occupational safety (Chapter 11), hygiene and infection control (Chapter 12), and staff training and public awareness (Chapter 13). A wider range of information has been incorporated into this edition of the Blue Book, with the addition of two new chapters on health-care waste management in emergencies (Chapter 14) and an overview of the emerging issues of pandemics, drug-resistant pathogens, climate change and technology advances in medical techniques that will have to be accommodated by health-care waste systems in the future (Chapter 15).

COVID-19

Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu
COVID 19 Book PDF

Author : Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811638565

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COVID-19 by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu Pdf

This book highlights the impact of COVID-19 on sustainable waste management and air emission, using various case studies. The year 2020 was a historical year mainly due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and it influenced or affected the global economy, business models and the industrial sectors, thus impacting sustainability in various ways. Given that sustainability has many faces and facets, it is worthwhile to deal with the relation (or impact) of COVID-19 on various elements of sustainability. This book presents how COVID-19 has influenced waste management and air quality.

COVID-19 in the Environment

Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Nitasha Khatri
COVID 19 in the Environment Book PDF

Author : Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Nitasha Khatri
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323902731

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COVID-19 in the Environment by Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Nitasha Khatri Pdf

COVID-19 in the Environment: Impact, Concerns, and Management of Coronavirus highlights the research and technology addressing COVID-19 in the environment, including the associated fate, transport, and disposal. It examines the impacts of the virus at local, national, and global levels, including both positive and negative environmental impacts and techniques for assessing and managing them. Utilizing case studies, it also presents examples of various issues around handling these impacts, as well as policies and strategies being developed as a result. Organized into six parts, COVID-19 in the Environment begins by presenting the nature of the virus and its transmission in various environmental media, as well as models for reducing the transmission. Section 2 describes methods for monitoring and detecting the virus, whereas Sections 3, 4, and 5 go on to examine the socio-economic impact, the environmental impact and risk, and the waste management impact, respectively. Finally, Section 6 explores the environmental policies and strategies that have comes as a result of COVID-19, the implications for climate change, and what the long-term effects will be on environmental sustainability. Examines the fate, transport, and management of COVID-19 and COVID-19 related waste in the environment Explores a variety of issues related to the environmental handling and impacts of COVID-19, particularly utilizing case studies Offers tools and techniques for assessing real-time environmental issues related to COVID-19

Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Mohammad Hadi Dehghani,Rama Rao Karri,Sharmili Roy
Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID 19 Book PDF

Author : Mohammad Hadi Dehghani,Rama Rao Karri,Sharmili Roy
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-26
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780323909242

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Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Mohammad Hadi Dehghani,Rama Rao Karri,Sharmili Roy Pdf

Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) examines mitigation measures that can be adopted at the time of a novel coronavirus outbreak to lessen environmental contamination and impacts on human health. The book discusses origin, structure and pathogenesis, epidemiology, environmental transmission and the potential spread routes of COVID-19 via surfaces, air, water, wastewater, medical waste and food products. It also covers guidelines and protocols for setting safety conditions to provide adequate health care and reduce the risk of infection in health and non-healthcare settings, along with preventative measures and disinfection technologies. In addition, the book discusses challenges, opportunities and future perspectives, the global crisis, and global consequences on the environment and health. With contributions from experts, this book presents a multidisciplinary reference resource for virologists, microbiologists, public health professionals, environmental health managers and others engaged in the study and mitigation of the environmental and health impacts of the virus. Covers the environmental transmission and spread of COVID-19 Includes environmental disinfection technologies for prevention of COVID-19 Provides guidelines, standards and protocols related to COVID-19

Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management: Reviews and Case Studies

Gabriella Marfe, Carla Di Stefano
Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management Reviews and Case Studies Book PDF

Author : Gabriella Marfe, Carla Di Stefano
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811472480

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Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management: Reviews and Case Studies by Gabriella Marfe, Carla Di Stefano Pdf

This reference presents reviews and case studies of hazardous waste management in a selection of cities. The overarching themes of the compiled topics include 1) the problems of healthcare waste management, 2) case studies of hazardous waste mismanagement, 3) health risks associated with environmental waste, issues in environmental health and 4) grassroots environmentalism. The volume initially presents reviews and case studies from developing countries, including countries in South America (Argentina), Africa (Algeria and Nigeria), and Asia (India). The latter chapters of the book focus on environmental issues in Campania, a region in Italy. These chapters also provide an insight into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on waste management practices in this region. Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management is an insightful reference for management trainees, professionals and researchers associated with waste management and environmental health firms. Readers will gain insights into current issues and practices in the respective industries. The reviews and case studies presented in the reference are also useful to professionals involved in risk assessment studies.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Green Societies

Chinmay Chakraborty,Swapnila Roy,Susmita Sharma,Tien Anh Tran
The Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on Green Societies Book PDF

Author : Chinmay Chakraborty,Swapnila Roy,Susmita Sharma,Tien Anh Tran
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030664909

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Green Societies by Chinmay Chakraborty,Swapnila Roy,Susmita Sharma,Tien Anh Tran Pdf

This book covers the sustainability issues of a green environment towards economics and society in terms of alteration in industrial pollution levels, effect of reduced carbon emissions, changes in water bodies characteristics with respect to heavy metal contamination, monitoring of associated impact with respect to ecology and biodiversity, impact of reduced noise levels and air quality influences on human health, handling and management of biomedical waste. According to WHO, 80% of people living in urban areas are exposed to air exceeding safe limits. The advent of "sustainability‟ in development science has led planners to apply evolving notions of "sustainability‟ to the contemporary debate over how cities and regions should be revitalized, redeveloped, and reformed. Market allocation of resources, sustained levels of growth and consumption, an assumption that natural resources are unlimited and a belief that economic growth will „trickle down‟ to the poor have been its hallmarks. The recent advance technology helps to promote green and clean modern societies continuously. The Internet of things will be playing an important role in the upcoming years in environment protection and sustainable development. There is a focus on paradigm shift in the sustainable development for the green environment during the period of isolation of COVID-19. This is the moment for the mobilization against the climate crisis. The sudden fall in pollutants and subsequent blue skies signifies a dramatic shift for India and also other affected countries during this period. Fighting climate change requires a collaborative approach between all spheres of society unlike the former. It must heavily redirect resources towards local, sustainable activities, including education, health, sustainable agriculture and circular management of resources. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted in the dramatic change in the different aspects of the environment. The global lockdown has led to a rejuvenation of nature, ecosystems, biodiversity. Even urban environments are discovering a degree of peace and serenity, which led to decrease in greenhouse gas emission.

Current Topics in Public Health

Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
Current Topics in Public Health Book PDF

Author : Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
Publisher : IntechOpen
Page : 744 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9535111213

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Current Topics in Public Health by Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales Pdf

Public Health is regarded as the basis and cornerstone of health, generally and in medicine. Defined as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals, this discipline has been renewed by the incorporation of multiple actors, professions, knowledge areas and it has also been impacted and promoted by multiple technologies, particularly - the information technology. As a changing field of knowledge, Public Health requires evidence-based information and regular updates. Current Topics in Public Health presents updated information on multiple topics related to actual areas of interest in this growing and exciting medical science, with the conception and philosophy that we are working to improve the health of the population, rather than treating diseases of individual patients, taking decisions about collective health care that are based on the best available, current, valid and relevant evidence, and finally within the context of available resources. With participation of authors from multiple countries, many from developed and developing ones, this book offers a wide geographical perspective. Finally, all these characteristics make this book an excellent update on many subjects of world public health.

Impact of Covid-19 Waste on Environmental Pollution and Its Sustainable Management

Alok Prasad Das,Sunanda Mishra
Impact of Covid 19 Waste on Environmental Pollution and Its Sustainable Management Book PDF

Author : Alok Prasad Das,Sunanda Mishra
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2024-05-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 3031508394

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Impact of Covid-19 Waste on Environmental Pollution and Its Sustainable Management by Alok Prasad Das,Sunanda Mishra Pdf

This book focuses on challenges that have arisen because of trash discharges and their potential causes and provides long-term sustainable solutions. Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused immense devastation, leading to numerous fatalities as well as substantial economic losses and health issues. With the rise in COVID-19 cases, the amount of biomedical waste has multiplied, exposing more people to the epidemic. For developing countries, waste management is already a problem, and the waste generated during this pandemic situation has made things worse. If improper waste management techniques are not changed, the world will face a new crisis that could be referred to as a "garbage crisis." The increased quantity of COVID-19-associated waste (CAW) and their presence in the environment make them more vulnerable, potentially increasing the danger of food chain contamination. A few countries have already started putting emergency plans in place to address the “waste crisis.” Given the paucity of information on the mutational features and potential hosts of this newly discovered COVID-19, there is a pressing need for an effective plan to protect India's ecosystem against further contamination. To handle the current crisis and prevent the anticipated waste disaster, it is imperative to construct a more effective, automated, computerized, and well-modified waste management system during the COVID-19 period.

COVID-19 and Emerging Environmental Trends

Joystu Dutta,Srijan Goswami,Abhijit Mitra
COVID 19 and Emerging Environmental Trends Book PDF

Author : Joystu Dutta,Srijan Goswami,Abhijit Mitra
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000327595

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COVID-19 and Emerging Environmental Trends by Joystu Dutta,Srijan Goswami,Abhijit Mitra Pdf

The extensive safety restrictions imposed globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic have brought significant changes to almost all environmental parameters. The largest pandemic of the century has left an indelible mark on all aspects of human life and the environment. This book revolves around COVID-19 and its influence on all biotic and abiotic components on earth, with a focus on the regulatory role of air quality during the pandemic, environmental toxicity and susceptibility to COVID-19, and the impact of the lockdown on different ecosystems. The book fundamentally explains the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology and epidemiology of COVID-19. Dedicated chapters highlight the ongoing global cutting-edge research on COVID-19, control and safety measures, and public health concerns. COVID-19 and Emerging Environmental Trends: A Way Forward is aimed at graduate and postgraduate students as well as researchers in environmental and medical science, health and safety, and ecology. This book offers a multiperspective and multidisciplinary approach to the discussion of the pandemic as well as emerging environmental issues, current trends, and a way forward. As humanity stands face-to-face with the largest global crisis in recent times, this book helps readers to easily understand its various aspects from a beginner’s perspective, without going into the intricate technicalities of medical science or environmental science, and beautifully juxtaposes critical issues with lucid language and flexible scientific explanations.

One Health

Meththika Vithanage,Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
One Health Book PDF

Author : Meththika Vithanage,Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119867302

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One Health by Meththika Vithanage,Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad Pdf

A balanced and multidisciplinary exploration of the One Health concept In One Health: Human, Animal, and Environment Triad, a team of distinguished researchers introduces and explains the concept of One Health by providing an overview of the One Health idea from the perspective of diverse disciplines, from earth and environmental science to ecology and conservation to veterinary and human medicine. The authors also present case studies demonstrating the real-world challenges and opportunities of this interdisciplinary approach to sustainable human well-being. Readers will find insightful discussions of the interactions between chemical pollutants and water, soil, and the atmosphere, as well as detailed examinations of sustainable food supply, waste management, and pathogen control, backed up by extensive reference data. One Health: Human, Animal, and Environment Triad also includes: The emergence and re-emergence of zoonoses and other infectious diseases The behavior of microplastics in soil and water Organic farming and its influence on soil health The role of light for human well-being Perfect for researchers interested in global health, ecological health, medical geology, toxicology, epidemiology, and zoonotic diseases, One Health: Human, Animal, and Environment Triad will also benefit professionals with an interest in public health and other public services, resource conservation, waste management, and the circular economy.

Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management

Carla Di Stefano,Gabriella Marfe
Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management Book PDF

Author : Carla Di Stefano,Gabriella Marfe
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9811472475

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Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management by Carla Di Stefano,Gabriella Marfe Pdf

This reference presents reviews and case studies of hazardous waste management in a selection of cities. The overarching themes of the compiled topics include 1) the problems of healthcare waste management, 2) case studies of hazardous waste mismanagement, 3) health risks associated with environmental waste, issues in environmental health and 4) grassroots environmentalism.The volume initially presents reviews and case studies from developing countries, including countries in South America (Argentina), Africa (Algeria and Nigeria), and Asia (India). The latter chapters of the book focus on environmental issues in Campania, a region in Italy. These chapters also provide an insight into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on waste management practices in this region.Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management is an insightful reference for management trainees, professionals and researchers associated with waste management and environmental health firms. Readers will gain insights into current issues and practices in the respective industries. The reviews and case studies presented in the reference are also useful to professionals involved in risk assessment studies.

Health-Related Emergency Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM)

Emily Ying Yang Chan ,Holly Ching Yu Lam
Health Related Emergency Disaster Risk Management Health EDRM Book PDF

Author : Emily Ying Yang Chan ,Holly Ching Yu Lam
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783039363148

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Health-Related Emergency Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) by Emily Ying Yang Chan ,Holly Ching Yu Lam Pdf

Disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, heat waves, nuclear accidents, and large scale pollution incidents take lives and cause exceptionally large health problems. The majority of large-scale disasters affect the most vulnerable populations, which are often comprised of people of extreme ages, in remote living areas, with endemic poverty, and with low literacy. Health-related emergency disaster risk management (Health-EDRM) [1] refers to the systematic analysis and management of health risks surrounding emergencies and disasters; it plays an important role in reducing hazards and vulnerability along with extending preparedness, response, and recovery measures. This concept encompasses risk analyses and interventions, such as accessible early warning systems, timely deployment of relief workers, and the provision of suitable drugs and medical equipment, to decrease the impact of disaster on people before, during, and after disaster events. Disaster risk profiling and interventions can be at the personal/household, community, and system/political levels; they can be targeted at specific health risks including respiratory issues caused by indoor burning, re-emergence of infectious disease due to low vaccination coverage, and gastrointestinal problems resulting from unregulated waste management. Unfortunately, there has been a major gap in the scientific literature regarding Health-EDRM. The aim of this Special Issue of IJERPH was to present papers describing/reporting the latest disaster and health risk analyses, as well as interventions for health-related disaster risk management, in an effort to address this gap and facilitate major global policies and initiatives for disaster risk reduction.

The Environmental Impact of COVID-19

Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
The Environmental Impact of COVID 19 Book PDF

Author : Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2023-11-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119777373

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The Environmental Impact of COVID-19 by Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Pdf

Discover the wider environmental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic with this timely and up to date resource Environmental Impact of COVID-19 delivers an insightful analysis of various environmental aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic that have caused global concern. The book discusses the transmission of COVID-19 in the environment, the evaluation and analysis of COVID-19, the socio-economic implications of COVID-19, its environmental impact, risk mitigation and management, waste management, and the environmental implications of the virus. It also considers the socio-economic implications of COVID-19's spread, including the effects of international lockdowns on different strata of society and various industries, including the biomedical industry, the environmental industry, and the pharmaceutical industry. An entire section of the text is devoted to a discussion about the waste generated due to COVID-19 and the effect of that waste on different environmental bodies. Another is dedicated to the impact of COVID-19 on the environment in the short- and long-term, including its effect on climate and climate change. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the transmission of COVID-19 in the environment, including its viability in different environmental media and the effect of environmental factors in its transmission An evaluation and analysis of COVID-19, including traditional analytical techniques, sampling for COVID-19, and modern sensor-based techniques for identification An exploration of the socio-economic implications of COVID-19, including its effect on a variety of industries A treatment of the environmental impact of COVID-19 in the context of risk mitigation and management Perfect for academics and industry professionals whose work requires them to understand the wider environmental implications of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, Environmental Impact of COVID-19 will also earn a place in the libraries of private sector professionals working on products and services that promise to reduce the environmental impact of the coronavirus.

Dissecting the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ramkrishna Nirola,Bharat Raj Poudel,Raju Adhikari
Dissecting the COVID 19 Pandemic Book PDF

Author : Ramkrishna Nirola,Bharat Raj Poudel,Raju Adhikari
Publisher : Aawaran Publications
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789937945912

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Dissecting the COVID-19 Pandemic by Ramkrishna Nirola,Bharat Raj Poudel,Raju Adhikari Pdf

So far, several fascinating and fancy stuff have been imagined by humans. Not all imaginations are bound to happen and could be experienced. However, the current pandemic (COVID-19) seems, and now is set to surpass beyond what a human brain could have imagined. A deep socio-economic scar is in the process of being created and nobody yet knows how deep this wound is going to penetrate. At this juncture, we have congregated to produce a book entitled “Dissecting the COVID-19 Pandemic”, through the facades of global socio-economic impact. It is our pleasure to try to compile what we have seen and hence present the factual accounts to the people post February 2020, and for the days to come. It is a history unfolding, an array of events in front of the human kind. Our effort in witnessing, reviewing, compiling, and binding is definitely going to be a memorabilia of the time it has witnessed. It is said that “seeing is believing”, and here, the authors have factually seen and have by now certainly believed that COVID-19 is not just a simple flu. The pandemic crises of COVID-19 has shaken the world, and its impact is multidimensional and has adversely influenced many aspects of human life. Globally, over 22 million people were infected, and over 4.5 million have died in 215 countries, when this book was in the press. The eight chapters of this book cover various facades of the coronavirus crises, plus their impact globally and particularly in Nepal. The information is relevant to many developing countries. The chapters are written by science scholars, engineers, media analysts, development experts, and scientists in allied disciplines in Australia and Nepal. The contributing authors have both knowledge and experiences of Nepal and overseas in the subject matter and have provided evidence-based information. Our publication efforts and contribution to Nepal and Nepali diaspora deserve special mention. We hope this book will generate enough interest and stimulate significant discourses among scholars, policymakers, and the community at large to advocate for an inclusive health, disaster risk reduction (DRR), diplomacy and migration policy to overcome future pandemic challenges. Finally, we acknowledge the support of NRNA-Australia, Nepal Science Foundation Trust-SK & TT Department, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Embassy of Nepal-Canberra, Federation of Nepalese Community Associations of Australia (FeNCAA), Australasian Nepalese Medical and Dental Association- Australia (ANMDA), and Aawaran publication for their support to bring out this book.