Health Financing In Ghana

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Health Financing in Ghana

George Schieber,Cheryl Cashin,Karima Saleh
Health Financing in Ghana Book PDF

Author : George Schieber,Cheryl Cashin,Karima Saleh
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821395660

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Health Financing in Ghana by George Schieber,Cheryl Cashin,Karima Saleh Pdf

Ghana is one of only several African countries to enact legislation and earmark financing for universal health insurance coverage for its entire population. Seven years into its implementation the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) has made significant progress in transitioning to universal coverage, but faces significant fiscal and coverage challenges. This study reviews Ghana's health financing system with a special emphasis on its National Health Insurance Scheme. Such an assessment is important because Ghana is often considered a global 'good practice' in terms of earmarking significant amounts of its general revenues for health insurance coverage, providing formal coverage to its vulnerable population groups, and extending coverage by transitioning its existing community health insurance schemes into a national health insurance program. In addition to the global interest in the Ghana 'model', this review is timely in view of recent critiques of the system and questions about its financial sustainability. The study is also unique in terms of evaluating Ghana's NHIS in terms of basic health system goals of health outcomes, financial protection, consumer satisfaction, equity, efficiency, and financial sustainability. The strengths and weaknesses of Ghana's health financing system are assessed on the basis of these performance goals to provide the current health policy reform baseline. The assessment is also based on several new and updated sources of information on: total health spending, inputs, outcomes, household spending, and the macro economy. It also undertakes for the first time an extensive international benchmarking analysis; assesses the financial protection/equity of the system at both macro and micro levels; and, contains an extensive fiscal space analysis based on Ghana's new macroeconomic realities (i.e., the revaluation of Ghana's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) upward by some 60 percent in November 2010, making Ghana a lower middle income country). The study concludes with an assessment of potential structural and operational reform options to assure NHISs long-term efficacy and sustainability in the context of its future available fiscal space.

Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme

Huihui Wang,Nathaniel Otoo,Lydia Dsane-Selby
Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme Book PDF

Author : Huihui Wang,Nathaniel Otoo,Lydia Dsane-Selby
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464811180

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Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme by Huihui Wang,Nathaniel Otoo,Lydia Dsane-Selby Pdf

Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was established in 2003 as a major vehicle to achieve the country’s commitment of Universal Health Coverage. The government has earmarked value-added tax to finance NHIS in addition to deduction from Social Security Trust (SSNIT) and premium payment. However, the scheme has been running under deficit since 2009 due to expansion of coverage, increase in service use, and surge in expenditure. Consequently, Ghana National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) had to reduce investment fund, borrow loans and delay claims reimbursement to providers in order to fill the gap. This study aimed to provide policy recommendations on how to improve efficiency and financial sustainability of NHIS based on health sector expenditure and NHIS claims expenditure review. The analysis started with an overall health sector expenditure review, zoomed into NHIS claims expenditure in Volta region as a miniature for the scheme, and followed by identifictation of factors affecting level and efficiency of expenditure. This study is the first attempt to undertake systematic in-depth analysis of NHIS claims expenditure. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that NHIS establish a stronger expenditure control system in place for long-term sustainability. The majority of NHIS claims expenditure is for outpatient consultations, district hospitals and above, certain member groups (e.g., informal group, members with more than five visits in a year). These distribution patterns are closely related to NHIS design features that encourages expenditure surge. For example, year-round open registration boosted adverse selection during enrollment, essentially fee-for-service provider mechanisms incentivized oversupply but not better quality and cost-effectiveness, and zero patient cost-sharing by patients reduced prudence in seeking care and caused overuse. Moreover, NHIA is not equipped to control expenditure or monitor effect of cost-containment policies. The claims processing system is mostly manual and does not collect information on service delivery and results. No mechanisms exist to monitor and correct providers’ abonormal behaviors, as well as engage NHIS members for and engaging members for information verification, case management and prevention.

The Health Sector in Ghana

Karima Saleh
The Health Sector in Ghana Book PDF

Author : Karima Saleh
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821395998

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The Health Sector in Ghana by Karima Saleh Pdf

"... briefly discusses some of the debates in Ghana's health sector: decentralization and governance, private sector partnership, strengthening health systems, and health financing. It brings together several elements of health system development and challenges and links it to health financing and delivery performance. The volume reviews the situation among human resources for health and pharmaceuticals. The private sector is growing and attention is required on its development. The volume benefits from health service delivery assessments in the public and private sectors, and finds large variations in distribution and weak incentives to improve productivity and performance. It also reviews the demand side financing reform, its coverage of the population and its effect on service use and the financial sustainability of the National Health Insurance Scheme ..."--Publisher's website.

Making Health Financing Work for Poor People in Tanzania

Dominic Haazen
Making Health Financing Work for Poor People in Tanzania Book PDF

Author : Dominic Haazen
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821394731

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Making Health Financing Work for Poor People in Tanzania by Dominic Haazen Pdf

Tanzania is currently developing a Health Financing Strategy to provide a medium to long-term road map for a sustainable and integrated health financing system. This book is designed to inform this discussion by providing an analytical basis for the discussion of options, a series of policy options which could be considered in moving forward, and the economic and financial implications of these options. In doing so, it is hoped that this book will help stimulate the discussion of options and help Tanzania develop a health financing strategy which meets its long-term needs. Health financing in Tanzania is currently highly fragmented, with many different sources of funds and programs directed at specific population groups. Despite this, many people still do not access health services because of financial barriers, and this burden falls disproportionately on the poor. This book looks at the current situation with respect to health financing as well as the experience in other countries to address health financing for the poor and the population generally, using a common analytical framework. The book then explores a number of options in the areas of revenue generation, pooling of funds, purchasing and service provision, and also looks at the regulatory and political environment, making specific recommendations which can be considered in each of these areas. The focus of these recommendations is particularly on improving financial health protection for the poor. The economic, financial and service delivery implications are then examined, using several different scenarios for extending pre-paid health insurance coverage to the population. Making Health Financing Work for the Poor in Tanzania will be of interest to readers working in the areas of health care and public health, social protection, and social analysis and policy, in Tanzania and in other countries aiming for improvements in their health financing systems.

Health Financing Policy

Cheryl Cashin
Health Financing Policy Book PDF

Author : Cheryl Cashin
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464807978

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Health Financing Policy by Cheryl Cashin Pdf

The global movement toward universal health coverage (UHC) is accompanied by requests for large increases in government health spending in some countries. This combined with the global economic situation and stagnant economic growth across many low- and middle-income countries make it more critical than ever to place health financing discussions firmly in the context of macroeconomic and fiscal realities. Unfortunately, there is often a disconnect in decision making, with key fiscal decisions made in the absence of a clear understanding on the one hand of the potential consequences for the health sector, and on the other, the consequences for the country’s macroeconomic and fiscal position of increasing or reallocating government spending. Constructive health financing policy dialogue aims to reach a common understanding between health sector leaders and central budget authorities about policy objectives for the health sector and the resources needed to achieve those objectives, how much priority will be given to health in the government budget, and how the health sector will be held accountable for using funds effectively. This common understanding should be built on a realistic picture of the country’s macroeconomic and fiscal context, the constraints and competing priorities in the budget-setting process. When ministries of health and ministries of finance have a common understanding of macroeconomic and fiscal constraints, discussions can focus productively on using funds within the potential health resource envelope in the most effective way to achieve health system objectives. This guidance note outlines the key components of the macroeconomic, fiscal, and public financial management context that need to be considered for an informed health financing discussion at the country level. The guidance note is organized around four sets of questions that are key to placing the health financing dialogue in the context of a country’s macroeconomic and fiscal context. Each section points to measures, resources, and analytical tools that are available to assist in answering these questions for a specific country. The guidance note draws on case studies from 11 countries moving toward or sustaining universal health coverage conducted as part of the Japan†“World Bank Partnership Program on UHC as well as from other country examples.

Finding Sustainable Means of Financing Health Care in Ghana

Francis Mensah Asenso-Boadi
Finding Sustainable Means of Financing Health Care in Ghana Book PDF

Author : Francis Mensah Asenso-Boadi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1417545959

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Finding Sustainable Means of Financing Health Care in Ghana by Francis Mensah Asenso-Boadi Pdf

This study seeks to improve the knowledge of health care financing issues in Ghana as the country seeks a sustainable means of financing health care. To this end an empirical study of Ghanaians' willingness to pay for health services and for health insurance is undertaken thereby applying the contingent valuation model of estimating willingness to pay in a different context (health care financing and demand) from the usual applications reported in the literature, which value the benefit component of cost-benefit analysis. Firstly, the study examines the three main methods of raising funds to finance health care (namely, government through taxes, user payments at the point of use, and health insurance) and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Ghana's experiences in health care financing are considered with particular reference to the introduction of user charges by the government in 1992 and the issues raised concerning revenue generation, health service utilisation and equity, especially those affecting people with lower income levels. The empirical study was undertaken in two district capitals and their immediate environs in the Eastern region of Ghana with a sample of 487 heads of household interviewed in their own homes. The study shows that, overall, Ghanaians are willing to pay for their health care whether delivered by government or private hospitals and they are also willing to contribute into a national health insurance scheme. However, one's willingness to pay does not necessarily mean one will be able to pay for one's health care, since this depends on ability to pay. Since Ghana's per capita income is US$390 and the daily minimum wage is less than US$1, many Ghanaians may find it difficult to pay for their health care at the time of use given the uncertain nature of health care needs. Consequently, this study proposes the establishment of a national/social health insurance scheme, which if properly implemented, could be of immense benefit in raising adequate funds to improve upon health care delivery in the country.

Health Financing for Poor People

Alexander S. Preker,Guy Carrin
Health Financing for Poor People Book PDF

Author : Alexander S. Preker,Guy Carrin
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821355251

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Health Financing for Poor People by Alexander S. Preker,Guy Carrin Pdf

One of the most urgent development challenges facing many low and middle income countries is the need for adequate financing systems to pay for health care provision to the estimated 1.3 billion impoverished people living in rural areas or working in the informal sector in urban areas. This publication considers ways of improving the financing of health care at low income levels, as part of a global strategy for increased investment in health and poverty reduction. Topics discussed include: global and regional trends in healthcare financing; strengths and weaknesses of community-based health financing, and experiences in Asia and Africa; country case studies using household survey analysis from Senegal, Rwanda, India and Thailand; deficit financing; and the impact of risk sharing on achieving health system goals.

Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems Bridging Health and Finance Perspectives

OECD
Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems Bridging Health and Finance Perspectives Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264233386

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Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems Bridging Health and Finance Perspectives by OECD Pdf

The health systems we enjoy today, and expected medical advances in the future, will be difficult to finance from public resources without major reforms. Public health spending in OECD countries has grown rapidly over most of the last half century. These spending increases have contributed to ...

Decentralization and Governance in the Ghana Health Sector

Bernard F Couttolenc
Decentralization and Governance in the Ghana Health Sector Book PDF

Author : Bernard F Couttolenc
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-07-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821395905

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Decentralization and Governance in the Ghana Health Sector by Bernard F Couttolenc Pdf

Ghana's government has embarked on a decentralization process since the 1980s, but the intended devolution of the health system faces important challenges and shortfalls. This study analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the decentralization of the Ghanaian health system.

Financing Health Services in Developing Countries

John S. Akin,Nancy Birdsall,David M. De Ferranti
Financing Health Services in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : John S. Akin,Nancy Birdsall,David M. De Ferranti
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1987-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821309005

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Financing Health Services in Developing Countries by John S. Akin,Nancy Birdsall,David M. De Ferranti Pdf

This report discusses several different approaches that support reforming health care services in developing countries. For some time now, health care services have been supported by government funds. As demands for improving health care services continue to increase additional demands will be placed on governments to respond. This, however, will not be easy. Slow economic growth and record budget deficits in the 1980's have forced reductions in public spending. Alternative approaches to finance health care services are needed. Such possible changes could involve: decentralization of federal government involvement; the promotion of nongovernment involvement; the imposition of user fees; and, establishing health insurance. Finally, the role of the Bank in pursuing new financing strategies is discussed.

Health Financing in Ghana

George Schieber,Cheryl Cashin,Karima Saleh,Rouselle Lavado
Health Financing in Ghana Book PDF

Author : George Schieber,Cheryl Cashin,Karima Saleh,Rouselle Lavado
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821395677

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Health Financing in Ghana by George Schieber,Cheryl Cashin,Karima Saleh,Rouselle Lavado Pdf

This volume analyzes Ghana s National Health Insurance Scheme and highlights the range of policy options needed to assure its financially sustainable transition to universal coverage.

Results-based Financing in Healthcare

Jurrien Toonen
Results based Financing in Healthcare Book PDF

Author : Jurrien Toonen
Publisher : Kit Pub
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Economic models
ISBN : 946022198X

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Results-based Financing in Healthcare by Jurrien Toonen Pdf

This book demonstrates how to introduce results-based financing (RBF) in any countrys unique health system. By starting from the generic principles of RBF, the contributors then propose eight steps to arrive at an approach that responds to any national context. Each of these steps comes with the necessary tools and instruments.

Private Health Sector Assessment in Ghana

Ricardo A. Bitran
Private Health Sector Assessment in Ghana Book PDF

Author : Ricardo A. Bitran
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821387474

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Private Health Sector Assessment in Ghana by Ricardo A. Bitran Pdf

Private Health Sector Assessment in Ghana is part of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank?s ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion. The private health sector in Ghana is a large and important sector in the market for health-related goods and services. However, little has been documented concerning the size and configuration of private providers and their contribution to health sector outcomes. With better information about the size, scope, distribution, and constraints of private actors, Ghana?s public policy makers

The Political Economy of Universal Healthcare in Africa

Philip C. Aka,Hassan Wahab,Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh
The Political Economy of Universal Healthcare in Africa Book PDF

Author : Philip C. Aka,Hassan Wahab,Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2022-04-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000580686

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The Political Economy of Universal Healthcare in Africa by Philip C. Aka,Hassan Wahab,Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh Pdf

The global rise in pandemics, most recently COVID-19, and other health challenges, some of which are due to climate change, have imposed significant challenges on the healthcare systems in economies around the world. Thus, this book deals with an issue that is very timely and relevant, not just in Africa but globally. It critically assesses healthcare reforms in Ghana under the Fourth Republic, since 1993. Although it focuses on Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme of 2003, the book instructively goes beyond this program. The book argues that, although Ghana is a bellwether of healthcare reforms in Africa, its healthcare initiatives are still far from the service haven of healthcare as a human right. Themes that animate the book’s argument include the need to translate human rights law, such as the right to health, into practical policies that work for ordinary citizens. Key highlights of the book include an increased accent on health as a human right, emphasis on comparative analysis in healthcare studies, and the formulation of a four-hallmark framework, embedded in economics, law, politics, and human rights, to act as a guide for assessment of healthcare reforms in Africa in particular, and Ghana more specifically. Using Ghana as a case study and analytical window into the world, the book offers a valuable and timely resource for academics, students and policymakers across the disciplines of development and healthcare economics, law, public policy, political science, sociology, and African and Caribbean studies, as well as in various fields in health science.

Innovations in Health Care Financing in Low and Middle Income Countries

Kara Hanson,Dov Chernichovsky
Innovations in Health Care Financing in Low and Middle Income Countries Book PDF

Author : Kara Hanson,Dov Chernichovsky
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-26
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781848556645

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Innovations in Health Care Financing in Low and Middle Income Countries by Kara Hanson,Dov Chernichovsky Pdf

Low- and middle-income countries face major challenges to their health systems. These include a high burden of communicable disease and an emerging non-communicable disease burden. This work deals with the elements of health care financing, focusing on middle- and low-income settings.