Health Implications Of Perchlorate Ingestion

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Assess the Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2005-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309181358

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Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Assess the Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion Pdf

Perchlorateâ€"a powerful oxidant used in solid rocket fuels by the military and aerospace industryâ€"has been detected in public drinking water supplies of over 11 million people at concentrations of at least 4 parts per billion (ppb). High doses of perchlorate can decrease thyroid hormone production by inhibiting the uptake of iodide by the thyroid. Thyroid hormones are critical for normal growth and development of the central nervous system of fetuses and infants. This report evaluates the potential health effects of perchlorate and the scientific underpinnings of the 2002 draft risk assessment issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The report finds that the body can compensate for iodide deficiency, and that iodide uptake would likely have to be reduced by at least 75% for months or longer for adverse health effects, such as hypothryroidism, to occur. The report recommends using clinical studies of iodide uptake in humans as the basis for determining a reference dose rather than using studies of adverse health effects in rats that serve as EPA's basis. The report suggests that daily ingestion of 0.0007 milligrams of perchlorate per kilograms of body weightâ€"an amount more than 20 times the reference dose proposed by EPAâ€"should not threaten the health of even the most sensitive populations.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Medical
ISBN : PSU:000063513394

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Perchlorate by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials Pdf

Author : Gerassimos Arapis,Nadezhda Goncharova,Philippe Baveye
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402044748

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Ecotoxicology, Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors by Gerassimos Arapis,Nadezhda Goncharova,Philippe Baveye Pdf

The science of ecotoxicology and the practice of ecological risk assessment are evolving rapidly. Ecotoxicology as a subject area came into prominence in the 1960s after the publication of Rachel Carson's book on the impact of pesticides on the environment. The rise of public and scientific concern for the effects of chemical pollutants on the environment in the 1960s and 1970s led to the development of the discipline of ecotoxicology, a science that takes into account the effects of chemicals in the context of ecology. Until the early 1980s, in spite of public concern and interest among scientists, the assessment of ecological risks associated with natural or synthetic pollutants was not considered a priority issue by most government. However, as the years passed, a better understanding of the importance of ecotoxicology emerged and with it, in some countries, the progressive formalization of an ecological risk assessment process. Ecological risk assessment is a conceptual tool for organizing and analyzing data and information to evaluate the likelihood that one or more stressors are causing or will cause adverse ecological effects. Ecological risk assessment allows risk managers to consider available scientific information when selecting a course of action, in addition to other factors that may affect their decision (e. g. , social, legal, political, or economic). Ecological risk assessment includes three phases (problem formulation, analysis, and risk characterization).

Author : Edward Todd Urbansky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461543039

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Perchlorate in the Environment by Edward Todd Urbansky Pdf

Based on a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Division of the American Chemical Society, Perchlorate in the Environment is the first comprehensive book to address perchlorate as a potable water contaminant. The two main topics are: analytical chemistry (focusing on ion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and treatment or remediation. Also included are topics such as ion exchange, phytoremediation, bacterial reduction of perchlorate, bioreactors, and in situ bioremediation. To provide complete coverage, background chapters on fundamental chemistry, toxicology, and reulatory issues are also included. The authors are environmental consultants, government researchers, industry experts, and university professors from a wide array of disciplines.

Author : Kathleen Sellers,Katherine Weeks,William R. Alsop,Stephen R. Clough,Marilyn Hoyt,Barbara Pugh,Joseph Robb
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2006-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781482275124

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Perchlorate by Kathleen Sellers,Katherine Weeks,William R. Alsop,Stephen R. Clough,Marilyn Hoyt,Barbara Pugh,Joseph Robb Pdf

The development of analytical methods for identifying widespread perchlorate contamination brought about an explosion of research into the environmental problems and their potential solutions along with a corresponding increase in the availability of information. Unlike reference works that focus on only a few aspects of this contaminant, Perchlora

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Perchloric acid
ISBN : UCBK:C086894644

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Toxicological Profile for Perchlorates by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 578 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NWU:35556036793040

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Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) by Anonim Pdf

Author : Robert A. Howd,Anna M. Fan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470173374

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Risk Assessment for Chemicals in Drinking Water by Robert A. Howd,Anna M. Fan Pdf

A comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art risk assessment methodologies for drinking water Risk Assessment for Chemicals in Drinking Water discusses the major steps and goals in risk assessments and suggests ways to improve the methodologies and accuracy, while consolidating up-to-date information on the current principles and practices in one authoritative reference. After an enlightening overview of risk assessment practices and regulatory guidelines, it: Includes descriptions of the use of variability analysis, exposure analysis, physiologically based pharmacokinetics, and modeling for both cancer and non-cancer endpoints Describes the practices of major organizations, including the U.S. EPA, Health Canada, World Health Organization, and California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Includes complete chapters on risk assessment for essential nutrients, arsenic, chloroform, and perchlorate Explains how to address susceptible sub-populations, including the elderly and infants and children, in risk assessments Covers the potential of using genomic and proteomic screens Addresses recent advances, emerging issues, and future challenges With contributions and perspectives from leading scientists, this is the definitive resource for health and environmental scientists, toxicologists, risk assessors and managers, regulators, consultants, and other professionals responsible for the safety of drinking water.

Author : Sarah V. Thomas
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1604562080

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Water Pollution Issues and Developments by Sarah V. Thomas Pdf

Pollution is undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities so that the environment becomes harmful or unfit for living things; especially applicable to the contamination of soil, water, or the atmosphere by the discharge of harmful substances. In addition to the harm to living beings, both present or future and known or unknown, pollution cleanup and surveillance are enormous financial drains of the economies of the world. This book focuses on issues and developments critical for the field.

Author : Daniela Bonofiglio,Stefania Catalano
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783039369065

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Effects of Iodine Intake on Human Health by Daniela Bonofiglio,Stefania Catalano Pdf

Iodine, a key component of thyroid hormones, is considered an essential micronutrient for proper health at all life stages. Indeed, an inadequate dietary intake of iodine is responsible for several functional and developmental abnormalities. The most serious consequences of iodine deficiency include hypothyroidism, early abortion, low birth weight, preterm delivery, neurocognitive impairment, and mental retardation. On the other hand, the consequences of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, such as goiter, are less well understood but represent an important priority for research and public health practice. Over the last several decades, many countries across the globe have introduced mandatory salt iodization programs, which have dramatically reduced the number of iodine-deficient countries. However, despite substantial progress worldwide, mild-to-moderate deficiency is still prevalent even in many developed countries. Thus, the ongoing monitoring of the population iodine status remains crucially important, and attention may need to be paid to vulnerable life stage groups.

Author : Rena I. Steinzor
Publisher : University of Texas Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-21
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780292773448

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Mother Earth and Uncle Sam by Rena I. Steinzor Pdf

In this compelling study, Rena Steinzor highlights the ways in which the government, over the past twenty years, has failed to protect children from harm caused by toxic chemicals. She believes these failures—under-funding, excessive and misguided use of cost/benefit analysis, distortion of science, and devolution of regulatory authority—have produced a situation in which harm that could be reduced or eliminated instead persists. Steinzor states that, as a society, we are neglecting our children's health to an extent that we would find unthinkable as individual parents, primarily due to the erosion of the government's role in protecting public health and the environment. At this pace, she asserts, our children will inherit a planet under grave threat. We can arrest these developments if a critical mass of Americans become convinced that these problems are urgent and the solutions are near at hand. By focusing on three specific case studies—mercury contamination through the human food chain, perchlorate (rocket fuel) in drinking water, and the effects of ozone (smog) on children playing outdoors—Steinzor creates an analysis grounded in law, economics, and science to prove her assertions about the existing dysfunctional system. Steinzor then recommends a concise and realistic series of reforms that could reverse these detrimental trends and serve as a blueprint for restoring effective governmental intervention. She argues that these recommendations offer enough material to guide government officials and advocacy groups toward prompt implementation, for the sake of America's—and the world's—future generations.

Author : Mark G. Robson,William A. Toscano
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 660 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2007-03-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0787988596

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Risk Assessment for Environmental Health by Mark G. Robson,William A. Toscano Pdf

Written by experts in the field, this important book provides anintroduction to current risk assessment practices and proceduresand explores the intrinsic complexities, challenges, andcontroversies associated with analysis of environmental healthrisks. Environmental Health Risk Assessment for Public Healthoffers 27 substantial chapters on risk-related topics thatinclude: What Is Risk and Why Study Risk Assessment The Risk Assessment–Risk Management Paradigm Risk Assessment and Regulatory Decision-Making in EnvironmentalHealth Toxicological Basis of Risk Assessment The Application of PBPK Modeling to Risk Assessment Probabilistic Models to Characterize Aggregate and CumulativeRisk Molecular Basis of Risk Assessment Comparative Risk Assessment Occupational Risk Radiological Risk Assessment Microbial Risk Assessment Children’s Risk Assessment Life Cycle Risk Environmental Laws and Regulations Precautionary Principles Risk Communication

Author : Richard Lawley,Laurie Curtis,Judy Davis
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 547 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781849733816

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The Food Safety Hazard Guidebook by Richard Lawley,Laurie Curtis,Judy Davis Pdf

The second edition of this highly usable working companion on food safety is an indispensable resource for food scientists worldwide.

Author : Hans F. Stroo,C. Herb Ward
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2008-12-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780387849218

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In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate in Groundwater by Hans F. Stroo,C. Herb Ward Pdf

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid 1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action”, our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Health risk assessment
ISBN : MINN:31951D02695731N

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Draft Toxicological Profile for Perchlorates by Anonim Pdf