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Giovanni P. Galdi,Rolf Rannacher,Anne M. Robertson,Stefan Turek
Author : Giovanni P. Galdi,Rolf Rannacher,Anne M. Robertson,Stefan Turek Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 512 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2008-03-18 Category : Medical ISBN : 9783764378059
Hemodynamical Flows by Giovanni P. Galdi,Rolf Rannacher,Anne M. Robertson,Stefan Turek Pdf
This book surveys research results on the physical and mathematical modeling, as well as the numerical simulation of complex fluid and structural mechanical processes occurring in the human blood circulation system. Topics treated include continuum mechanical description; choice of suitable liquid and wall models; mathematical analysis of coupled models; numerical methods for flow simulation; parameter identification and model calibration; fluid-solid interaction; mathematical analysis of piping systems; particle transport in channels and pipes; artificial boundary conditions, and many more. The book was developed from lectures presented by the authors at the Oberwolfach Research Institute (MFO), in Oberwolfach-Walke, Germany, November, 2005.
Giovanni P. Galdi,Rolf Rannacher,Anne M. Robertson,Stefan Turek
Author : Giovanni P. Galdi,Rolf Rannacher,Anne M. Robertson,Stefan Turek Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 512 pages File Size : 43,5 Mb Release : 2008-04-17 Category : Medical ISBN : 9783764378066
Hemodynamical Flows by Giovanni P. Galdi,Rolf Rannacher,Anne M. Robertson,Stefan Turek Pdf
This book surveys research results on the physical and mathematical modeling, as well as the numerical simulation of complex fluid and structural mechanical processes occurring in the human blood circulation system. Topics treated include continuum mechanical description; choice of suitable liquid and wall models; mathematical analysis of coupled models; numerical methods for flow simulation; parameter identification and model calibration; fluid-solid interaction; mathematical analysis of piping systems; particle transport in channels and pipes; artificial boundary conditions, and many more. The book was developed from lectures presented by the authors at the Oberwolfach Research Institute (MFO), in Oberwolfach-Walke, Germany, November, 2005.
Biological Flows by Colin G. Caro,M.Y. Jaffrin Pdf
Biomechanics has a distinguished history extending at least to the 16th Century. However the later half oftbis century has seen an explosion ofthe field with it being viewed as affering exciting challenges for physical scientists and engineers interested in the life sciences, and wonderful opportunities for life scientists eager to collaborate with physical scientists and engineers and to render their scientific work more fundamental. That the field is now weil established and expanding is demonstrated by the formation of a World Committee for Biomechanics and the success and large participation in the 1st and 2nd World Congresses of Biomechanics, held respectively in San Diego in 1990 and in Amsterdam in 1994. With more than 1350 scientific papers delivered at the 2nd World Congress, either within symposia or oral or poster sessions, it would have been out of the question to try to produce comprehensive edited proceedings. Moreover, we are confident that most of the papers have been or will be published in one ofthe excellentjoumals covering the field. But of effort contributed by the plenary lecturers and the tutorial we thought that the large amount and keynote speakers of various symposia deserved tobe recognised in the form of a specific publication, thus also allowing those unable to attend the presentatiops . . tC\ sh?r~ in the findings. Furthermore, we feel that there is now a need to review aspects 'oftlie freld.
Advances in Hemodynamics and Hemorheology, Volume 1 by T.V. How Pdf
This series presents reviews covering all aspects of haemodynamics and haemorheology. Topics covered include the complexities of microcirculation, the rheology of blood and blood vessels, and the mechanics of blood flow in arteries and veins. The contributions aim to reflect the advances being made in experimental techniques and instrumentation for laboratory and clinical measurements and in numerical and mathematical modelling. Emphasis is placed on the scientific and engineering principles involved, but particular attention is also given to the clinical significance of this area of research. Topics covered by this volume include viscoelastic properties of blood and blood analogues; blood flow through narrow tubes; and numerical modelling of blood flow.
Hemorheology and Hemodynamics by Giles R. Cokelet Pdf
From the perspective of blood flow, blood has some unusual properties: it is a suspension of blood cells of which the red blood cells are most numerous and are both deformable (at moderate and high flow rates) and will aggregate under conditions of slow flow. Also, the cellular volume concentration is high (about 40-45%). These features cause blood to have variable viscosity, dependent on flow conditions, and cause both red blood cell sedimentation and syneresis effects under slow flow conditions (which can lead to rheological artifacts). These effects also cause unusual flow phenomena when blood flows in systems of small diameter vessels (especially for diameters of about 500 μm or less). These phenomena are seen in non-uniform cell distributions in vessel cross sections, a cell-poor layer of mostly blood plasma at vessels walls, non-proportionate cellular distribution during blood flow through vascular bifurcations, which leads to a very wide distribution of vessel cellular concentrations (from zero to systemic values) in the smaller vessels of the microcirculation, etc. All these phenomena are discussed in this book, as well as the difficulties presented by in vivo microvessels having non-ideal geometries. Table of Contents: Introduction / The Composition of Blood / Viscometers / Constitutive Equations / At Last, Experimental Data! / Some In Vitro Blood Flows / The Fahraeus Effect / The Fahreus-Lindqvist Effect / In Vitro Arterial-Type Bifurcation Experimental Data / In Vivo Experimental Bifurcation Data / Flow in Microvascular Networks / Optimization / Concluding Statement / References
Theory and Practice of Blood Flow Measurement by John P. Woodcock Pdf
Theory and Practice of Blood Flow Measurement presents the methods for determining the metrics of blood flow in the major vessels. This book is organized into two sections encompassing 16 chapters that discuss the theories behind the different techniques of flow measurement and the performance of flowmeters and their practical application to determining blood flow volume in the tissues and organs. Considerable chapters are devoted to various methods of blood measurement, including dilution, transport, and thermal techniques, as well as the effect of catheter sampling on the shape of indicator dilution curves. Other chapters are concerned with the possible errors in the application of indicator dilution techniques and the types of dilution indicator, and measurement of indicator concentration. A chapter is devoted to the advantages and disadvantages of thermistor flowmeter. The last chapter focuses on the design of a thermal dilution catheter. The book can provide useful information to physicists, bioengineers, surgeons, students, and researchers.
Visualization and Simulation of Complex Flows in Biomedical Engineering by Rui Lima,Yohsuke Imai,Takuji Ishikawa,Mónica S. N. Oliveira Pdf
This book focuses on the most recent advances in the application of visualization and simulation methods to understand the flow behavior of complex fluids used in biomedical engineering and other related fields. It shows the physiological flow behavior in large arteries, microcirculation, respiratory systems and in biomedical microdevices.
Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics by Gianni Pedrizzetti,Karl Perktold Pdf
The book presents the state of the art in the interdisciplinary field of fluid mechanics applied to cardiovascular modelling. It is neither a monograph nor a collection of research papers, rather an extended review in the field. It is arranged in 4 scientific chapters each presenting thoroughly the approach of a leading research team; two additional chapters prepared by biomedical scientists present the topic by the applied perspective. A unique feature is a substantial (approx. one fourth of the book) medical introductory part, written by clinical researchers for scientific readers, that would require a large effort to be collected otherwise.
Flow Dynamics and Tissue Engineering of Blood Vessels by Arindam Bit Pdf
Flow Dynamics and Tissue Engineering of Blood Vessels explores the physical phenomena of vessel compliance and its influence on blood flow dynamics, as well as the modification of flow structures in the presence of diseases within the vessel wall or diseased blood content. This volume also illustrates the progress of tissue engineering for the intervention of re-engineered blood vessels. Blood vessel organoid models, their controlling aspects, and blood vessels based on microfluidic platforms are illustrated following on from the understanding of flow physics of blood on a similar platform. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of regenerative medicine and fluid mechanics principles for the management of clinically diseased blood vessels. Authors discuss tissue engineering aspects and computational fluid mechanical principles, and how they can be used to understand the state of blood vessels in diseased conditions. Key Features Computational and experimental fluid dynamics principles have been used to explore the modelling of diseased blood vessels Principles of fluid dynamics and tissue engineering are used to propose innovative designs of bioreactors for blood vessel regeneration Offers experimental analytical studies of blood flow in vessels with pathological conditions Controlling aspects of various parameters while developing blood-vessel bioreactors and organoid models are presented critically, and optimization techniques for these parameters are also provided
McDonald’s Blood Flow in Arteries by Wilmer W. Nichols,Michael O'Rourke,Elazer R. Edelman,Charalambos Vlachopoulos Pdf
For over sixty years, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries has remained the definitive reference work in the field of arterial hemodynamics, including arterial structure and function with special emphasis on pulsatile flow and pressure. Prestigious, authoritative and comprehensive, this seventh edition has been totally updated and revised with many new chapters. This edition continues to provide the theoretical basis required for a thorough understanding of arterial blood flow in both normal and pathological conditions, while keeping clinical considerations and readability paramount throughout. Key Features The definitive reference work on arterial hemodynamics Fully updated and revised to cover all recent advancements in the field
Blood flow specific assessment of ventricular function by Alexandru Grigorescu Fredriksson Pdf
The spectrum of cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early assessment and treatment of these conditions, acquired as well as congenital, is therefore of paramount importance. The human heart has a great ability to adapt to various hemodynamic conditions by cardiac remodeling. Pathologic cardiac remodeling can occur as a result of cardiovascular disease in an effort to maintain satisfactory cardiac function. With time, cardiac function diminishes leading to disease progression and subsequent heart failure, the end-point of many heart diseases, associated with very poor prognosis. Within the normal cardiac ventricles blood flows in highly organized patterns, and changes in cardiac configuration or function will affect these flow patterns. Conversely, altered flows and pressures can bring about cardiac remodeling. In congenital heart disease, even after corrective surgery, cardiac anatomy and thereby intracardiac blood flow patterns are inherently altered. The clinically most available imaging technique, ultrasound with Doppler, allows only for one-directional flow assessment and is limited by the need of clear examination windows, thus failing to fully assess the complex three-dimensional blood flow within the beating heart. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with phase-contrast has the ability to acquire three-dimensional (3D), three-directional time resolved velocity data (3D + time = 4D flow data) from which visualization and quantification of blood flow patterns over the complete cardiac cycle can be performed. Four functional blood flow components have previously been defined based on the blood route and distribution through the ventricle, where the inflowing blood that passes directly to the outflow is called Direct flow. From these components, various quantitative measures can be derived, such as component volumes and kinetic energy (KE) throughout the cardiac cycle. In addition, the 4D flow technique has the ability to quantify and visualize turbulent flow with increased velocity fluctuations in the heart and vessels, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The technique has been developed and evaluated for assessment of left ventricular (LV) blood flow in healthy subjects and in patients with dilated dysfunctional left ventricles, showing significant changes in blood flow patterns and energetics with disease. There is however still no study addressing the gap in the spectrum from the healthy cohorts to patients with moderate to severe left ventricular remodeling. In Paper III, 4D flow CMR was utilized to assess LV blood flow in patients with subtle LV dysfunction, and a shift in blood flow component volumes and KE was seen from the Direct flow to the non-ejecting blood flow components. In patients with both left- and right-sided acquired and congenital heart disease, right ventricular (RV) function is of great prognostic significance, however this ventricle has historically been somewhat overseen. With its complex geometry, advanced physiology and retrosternal location, assessment of the RV is still challenging and the right ventricular blood flow is still incompletely described. In Paper I, the RV blood flow in healthy subjects was assessed, and the proportionally larger Direct flow component was located in the most basal region of the ventricle and possessed higher levels of KE at end-diastole than the other flow components suggesting that this portion of blood was prepared for efficient systolic ejection. In Paper II, the blood flow was assessed in the RV of patients with subtle primary LV disease, and even if conventional echocardiographic or CMR RV parameters did not show any RV dysfunction, alterations of flow patterns suggestive of RV impairment were found in the patients with the more remodeled LVs. With improvements of the cardiovascular health care, including the surgical techniques, the number of adult patients with surgically corrected complex congenital heart diseases increases, one of which is tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Surgical repair of ToF involves widening of the pulmonary stenosis, which postoperatively may cause pulmonary insufficiency and regurgitation (PR). Disturbed or turbulent flow patterns are rare in the healthy cardiovascular system. With pathological changes, such as valvular insufficiency, increased amounts of TKE have been demonstrated. Turbulence is known to be harmful to organic tissues and could be significant in the development of ventricular remodeling, such as dilation and other complications seen in Fallot patients. In Paper IV, the RV intraventricular TKE levels were assessed in relation to conventional measures of PR. Results showed that RV TKE was increased in ToF patients with PR compared to healthy controls, and that these 4D flow-specific measures related slightly stronger to indices of RV remodeling than the conventional measures of PR. 4D flow CMR analysis of the intracardiac blood flow has the potential of adding to pathophysiological understanding, and thereby provide useful diagnostic information and contribute to optimization of treatment of heart disease at earlier stages before irreversible and clinically noticeable changes occur. The flow specific measures used in this thesis could be utilized to detect these alterations of intracardiac blood flow and could thus act as potential markers of progressing ventricular dysfunction, pathological remodeling or used for risk stratification in adults with early repair tetralogy of Fallot. Visualizations of intracardiac flow patterns could provide useful information to cardiac/thoracic surgeons pre- and post-operatively.
Snapshots of Hemodynamics by Nicolaas Westerhof,Nikos Stergiopulos,Mark I.M. Noble Pdf
This book is written in a quick reference style to help clinical and basic researchers, as well as graduate students, in the understanding of hemodynamics. Recent dev- opments in genetics and molecular biology on the one hand, and new noninvasive measurement techniques on the other hand, make it possible to measure and und- stand the hemodynamics of heart and vessels better than ever before. Hemodynamics makes it possible to characterize, in a quantitative way, and even with noninvasive techniques the function of the heart and the arterial system, separately and in c- bination, thereby producing information about what genetic and molecular processes are of importance for cardiovascular function. We have made the layout of the book such that it gives a succinct overview of individual topics in short chapters Therefore every chapter starts with a “box” c- taining a figure and caption, describing the main aspects of the subject. It is often sufficient to study the contents of this box alone to obtain this basic information, and therefore it is not necessary to read the book from cover to cover.
Mathematical modelling of flow through thin curved pipes with application to hemodynamics by Arpan Ghosh Pdf
The problem of mathematical modelling of incompressible flows with low velocities through narrow curvilinear pipes is addressed in this thesis. The main motivation for this modelling task is to eventually model the human circulatory system in a simple way that can facilitate the medical practitioners to efficiently diagnose any abnormality in the system. The thesis comprises of four articles. In the first article, a two-dimensional model describing the elastic behaviour of the wall of a thin, curved, exible pipe is presented. The wall is assumed to have a laminate structure consisting of several anisotropic layers of varying thickness. The width of the channel is allowed to vary along the pipe. The two-dimensional model takes the interactions of the wall with any surrounding material and the fluid flow into account and is obtained through a dimension reduction procedure. Examples of canonical shapes of pipes and their walls are provided with explicit systems of differential equations at the end. In the second article, a one-dimensional model describing the blood flow through a moderately curved, elastic blood vessel is presented. The two-dimensional model presented in the first paper is used to model the vessel wall while linearized Navier-Stokes equations are used to model the flow through the channel. Surrounding muscle tissues and presence of external forces other than gravity are taken into account. The model is again obtained via a dimension reduction procedure based on the assumption of thinness of the vessel relative to its length. Results of numerical simulations are presented to highlight the influence of different factors on the blood flow. The one-dimensional model described in the second paper is used to derive a simplified one-dimensional model of a false aneurysm which forms the subject of the third article. A false aneurysm is an accumulation of blood outside a blood vessel but confined by the surrounding muscle tissue. Numerical simulations are presented which demonstrate different characteristics associated with a false aneurysm. In the final article, a modified Reynolds equation, along with its derivation from Stokes equations through asymptotic methods, is presented. The equation governs the steady flow of a fluid with low Reynolds number through a narrow, curvilinear tube. The channel considered may have large curvature and torsion. Approximations of the velocity and the pressure of the fluid inside the channel are constructed. These approximations satisfy a modified Poiseuille equation. A justification for the approximations is provided along with a comparison with a simpler case.
Advances in Hemodynamic Monitoring, An Issue of Critical Care Clinics, by Michael R. Pinsky Pdf
Dr. Michael Pinsky has assembled an expert team of authors on the topic of Hemodynamic Monitoring. Articles topics include: The interface between monitoring and physiology at the bedside; Defining goals of resuscitation in the critically ill; Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring; Bedside ultrasound for the intensivist; Invasive hemodynamic monitoring; Functional hemodynamic monitoring; Using what you get: dynamic physiological signatures of critical illness; and Effect of organizational issues on resuscitation effectiveness.