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Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire Into the Property and Income of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and of the Colleges and Halls Therein: Returns from the University of Cambridge, and from the colleges and halls therein by Great Britain. Universities commission Pdf
Dividing the county of Hertfordshire into four broad regions--the "champion" countryside in the north, the Chiltern dip slope to the west, the fertile boulder clays of the east, and the unwelcoming London Clay in the south--this volume explains how, in the course of the middle ages, natural characteristics influenced the development of land use and settlement to create a range of distinctive landscapes. The great diversity of Hertfordshire's landscapes makes it a particularly rewarding area of study. Variations in farming economies, in patterns of trade and communication, as well as in the extent of London's influence, have all played a part during the course of the postmedieval centuries, and Hertfordshire's continuing evolution is followed into the 21st century. Lavishly illustrated with maps and photographs, this authoritative work is invaluable reading for all those with an interest in the history, archaeology, and natural transformation of this fascinating county.
English Counties and Public Building, 1650-1830 by Christopher W. Chalklin Pdf
Before the modern growth of centralised government, the most important unit of administration was the county. Counties were run by Justices of the Peace sitting together at Quarter Sessions where, as well as trying criminal cases, they dealt with all county business. In the years between 1650 and 1830 a increasing proportion of their time and resources was taken up in erecting public buildings. Building by counties, taken together, represents a substantial and previously little noticed programme of public works. Unlike most other building works in this period, where the details of planning, building, execution and cost are lost, county building is well documented, allowing us to follow clearly the stages of erection. The county building programme reflected changes in society and in the economy, apart from being itself an indication of the growing wealth of the period. A sizeable part of county budgets was spent on bridges. A series of increasingly elaborate bridewells and gaols reflected concerns over employment and crime, also reflected in the erection of judges' lodgings and court houses; the latter being often incorporated in shire halls. Rising humanitarian alarm about mental illness led to the building of pauper lunatic asylums after 1800. English Counties and Public Building, 1650-1830 is an original and important contribution to both administrative and architectural history. Before the modern growth of centralised government, the most important unit of administration was the county. Counties were run by Justices of the Peace sitting together at Quarter Sessions where, as well as trying criminal cases, they dealt with all county business. In the years between 1650 and 1830 a increasing proportion of their time and resources was taken up in erecting public buildings. Building by counties, taken together, represents a substantial and previously little noticed programme of public works. Unlike most other building works in this period, where the details of planning, building, execution and cost are lost, county building is well documented, allowing us to follow clearly the stages of erection. The county building programme reflected changes in society and in the economy, apart from being itself an indication of the growing wealth of the period. A sizeable part of county budgets was spent on bridges. A series of increasingly elaborate bridewells and gaols reflected concerns over employment and crime, also reflected in the erection of judges' lodgings and court houses; the latter being often incorporated in shire halls. Rising humanitarian alarm about mental illness led to the building of pauper lunatic asylums after 1800. English Counties and Public Building, 1650-1830 is an original and important contribution to both administrative and architectural history.
Hertfordshire by Nikolaus Pevsner,Bridget Cherry Pdf
Although so close to London this is still a rural area, with quiet country churches with fine monuments, timber-framed farmhouses, and some splendid country houses, of which the most celebrated is Cecil's Jacobean Hatfield House. At St Albans the remains of Roman Verulamium and the great early Norman abbey speak eloquently of older civilizations. The towns offer intriguing contrasts: Hertford, Bishop's Stortford and Hitchin still have the character of traditional market centres, while the new towns of Stevenage, Hemel Hempstead and Hatfield are important exemplars of planning ideals of the 1950s and 60s.
Brewing and its associated activities have been important industries in Hertfordshire for centuries. In this book, Allan Whitaker looks at the history of brewing in the county, from 1700 to the present day
This biography of an outstanding figure in the post-World War II British school system offers new and important insights into the history of education. Detailing Newsom's ides about the type of schooling children would need after the war, it is shown how he quickly coordinated the country's welfare and education services as many thousands of evacuees escaped to Hertfordshire from the German bombing raids on London. His success at a time of accentuated demand for social reform is made apparent, explaining his radical school designs which were linked to liberal child-centered teaching approaches. Attention is paid to those areas of education particularly close to Newsom's heart--the arts, outdoor camps and expeditions, and the reconciliation of war-torn nations through overseas exchanges.
Hertfordshire Garden History Volume 2 by Deborah Spring Pdf
This second volume of Hertfordshire garden history considers how Hertfordshire s historic parks and gardens have been influenced by, and reflect, the social and economic history of their time. Beginning with the hunting parks and Renaissance gardens of the Bacons, Cecils, and Capels in the 16th and 17th centuriesand their gradual replacement by designed landscapesthis book shows how, in Hertfordshire, individuals have long sought greater space and comfort within easy reach of the capital, London. With examples from both well-known and less-visible or vanished gardens from the past 500 years, it is sure to delight garden enthusiasts."