High Stakes Reform

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High-Stakes Reform

Kathryn A. McDermott
High Stakes Reform Book PDF

Author : Kathryn A. McDermott
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2011-07-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781589017887

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High-Stakes Reform by Kathryn A. McDermott Pdf

Performance accountability has been the dominant trend in education policy reform since the 1970s. State and federal policies set standards for what students should learn; require students to take “high-stakes” tests to measure what they have learned; and then hold students, schools, and school districts accountable for their performance. The goal of these policies is to push public school districts to ensure that all students reach a common threshold of knowledge and skills. High-Stakes Reform analyzes the political processes and historical context that led to the enactment of state-level education accountability policies across the country. It also situates the education accountability movement in the broader context of public administration research, emphasizing the relationships among equity, accountability, and intergovernmental relations. The book then focuses on three in-depth case studies of policy development in Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Kathryn McDermott zeroes in on the most controversial and politically charged forms of state performance accountability sanctions, including graduation tests, direct state intervention in or closing of schools, and state takeovers of school districts. Public debate casts performance accountability as either a cure for the problems of US public education or a destructive mistake. Kathryn McDermott expertly navigates both sides of the debate detailing why particular policies became popular, how the assumptions behind the policies influenced the forms they took, and what practitioners and scholars can learn from the successes and failures of education accountability policies.

High-Stakes Schooling

Christopher Bjork
High Stakes Schooling Book PDF

Author : Christopher Bjork
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780226309415

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High-Stakes Schooling by Christopher Bjork Pdf

Drawing on Japan's experiences with testing, overtesting, and recent reforms to relax educational pressures, Christopher Bjork sheds light on the best path forward for US schools. He asks a variety of questions related to testing and reform, and each draws direct parallels to issues that the schools currently face.

High Stakes Education

Pauline Lipman
High Stakes Education Book PDF

Author : Pauline Lipman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Education
ISBN : 0415935075

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High Stakes Education by Pauline Lipman Pdf

First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

High Stakes Accountability

Jennifer King Rice,Christopher Roellke
High Stakes Accountability Book PDF

Author : Jennifer King Rice,Christopher Roellke
Publisher : IAP
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781607528760

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High Stakes Accountability by Jennifer King Rice,Christopher Roellke Pdf

In this third volume of Research in Education Fiscal Policy and Practice, editors Jennifer King Rice and Christopher Roellke have assembled a diversity of research studies focused on the current policy environment of high stakes accountability and how this context has impacted educators and students at multiple levels of the system. This effort to leverage student performance through high stakes reform has accelerated and intensified considerably since the 2002 reauthorization of the federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act, commonly referred to as No Child Left Behind (NCLB).In order for high stakes accountability reforms to realize their stated aims, targeted schools must have or acquire the resources and capacity to meet prescribed performance standards (Hess, 1999; Malen & Rice, 2005; Mintrop, 2003, 2004; Wong, et al., 1999), yet little systematic research has been assembled to document the implications of high stakes accountability systems on the resources and capacity of schools and school systems. This book aims to fill that gap. With this in mind, authors were asked to pay specific attention to challenges school systems confront as a result of NCLB and other high stakes reforms. The contributing authors were asked to think of policymakers and practitioners at local, state, and national levels as the intended audiences for their work. Our contributors responded with a collection of studies examining the relationship between high stakes reform and school district staffing, the recruitment and distribution of high quality teachers, curriculum making, and the provision of supplemental educational services to children. Our book is organized into three sections. The first provides a framework for assessing the impact of high stakes accountability policy on school capacity and also addresses implementation challenges at both state and local levels. The second section focuses on the impact of federal and state policymaking on teacher staffing and workplace conditions. The final section includes three chapters that provide a range of critiques on federal policymaking, including legal challenges to NCLB.

Understanding Dropouts

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity
Understanding Dropouts Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2001-08-29
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309170581

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Understanding Dropouts by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity Pdf

The role played by testing in the nation's public school system has been increasing steadily-and growing more complicated-for more than 20 years. The Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity (CEETE) was formed to monitor the effects of education reform, particularly testing, on students at risk for academic failure because of poverty, lack of proficiency in English, disability, or membership in population subgroups that have been educationally disadvantaged. The committee recognizes the important potential benefits of standards-based reforms and of test results in revealing the impact of reform efforts on these students. The committee also recognizes the valuable role graduation tests can potentially play in making requirements concrete, in increasing the value of a diploma, and in motivating students and educators alike to work to higher standards. At the same time, educational testing is a complicated endeavor, that reality can fall far short of the model, and that testing cannot by itself provide the desired benefits. If testing is improperly used, it can have negative effects, such as encouraging school leaving, that can hit disadvantaged students hardest. The committee was concerned that the recent proliferation of high school exit examinations could have the unintended effect of increasing dropout rates among students whose rates are already far higher than the average, and has taken a close look at what is known about influences on dropout behavior and at the available data on dropouts and school completion.

More Than a Score

Jesse Hagopian
More Than a Score Book PDF

Author : Jesse Hagopian
Publisher : Haymarket Books
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-10
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781608464364

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More Than a Score by Jesse Hagopian Pdf

"Jesse Hagopian brought a rare moment of truth to the corporate-dominated Education Nation show when he spoke on behalf of his colleagues at Garfield High in Seattle. He instantly became the voice and face of the movement to stop pointless and punitive high-stakes testing."—Diane Ravitch, author of Reign of Terror In cities across the country, students are walking out, parents are opting their children out, and teachers are rallying against the abuses of high-stakes standardized testing. These are the stories—in their own words—of some of those who are defying the corporate education reformers and fueling a national movement to reclaim public education. Alongside the voices of students, parents, teachers, and grassroots education activists, the book features renowned education researchers and advocates, including Nancy Carrlson-Paige, Karen Lewis, and Monty Neill. Jesse Hagopian teaches history and is the Black Student Union adviser at Garfield High School, the site of the historic boycott of the MAP test in 2013. He is an associate editor of Rethinking Schools, and winner of the 2013 "Secondary School Teacher of Year" award from the Academy of Education Arts and Sciences. He is a contributing author to Education and Capitalism: Struggles for Learning and Liberation and 101 Changemakers: Rebels and Radicals Who Changed US History, and writes regularly for Truthout, Black Agenda Report, and the Seattle Times Op-Ed page.

The Courts and Standards Based Reform

Benjamin Michael Superfine
The Courts and Standards Based Reform Book PDF

Author : Benjamin Michael Superfine
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2008-07-29
Category : Education
ISBN : 0199714002

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The Courts and Standards Based Reform by Benjamin Michael Superfine Pdf

Since the desegregation of public schools in the 1950s, the concept of standards-based reform has become a central topic within educational policy. Every American state is now required to enact standards-based reform policies while shifting responsibility away from the government and holding schools more accountable for their students performance. The Courts and Standards-Based Education Reform positions itself at the center of the long standing dispute between law, education, and public policy and analyzes the court's growing role in educational policy. Benjamin Superfine contends that the courts are a strong force in determining education policy, and have been placed in the position to decide some of the most contentious and important issues facing education law as the standards-based reform movement has grown. Such major cases addressed by the courts, in light of standards-based reforms, include the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, and school finance reform litigation. As the courts continue to rule in cases that challenge fundamental aspects of U.S. educational policy, Superfine provides a new approach that can be used in the application and rulings of standards-based reforms.

Teacher Involvement in High-Stakes Language Testing

Daniel Xerri,Patricia Vella Briffa
Teacher Involvement in High Stakes Language Testing Book PDF

Author : Daniel Xerri,Patricia Vella Briffa
Publisher : Springer
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783319771779

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Teacher Involvement in High-Stakes Language Testing by Daniel Xerri,Patricia Vella Briffa Pdf

This book advocates that teachers should play an active role in high-stakes language testing and that more weight should be given to teacher judgement. This is likely to increase the formative potential of high-stakes tests and provide teachers with a sense of ownership. The implication is that the knowledge and skills they develop by being involved in these tests will feed into their own classroom practices. The book also considers the arguments against teacher involvement, e.g. the contention that teacher involvement might entrench the practice of teaching to the test, or that teachers should not be actively involved in high-stakes language testing because their judgement is insufficiently reliable. Using contributions from a wide range of international educational contexts, the book proposes that a lack of reliability in teacher judgement is best addressed by means of training and not by barring educators from participating in high-stakes language testing. It also argues that their involvement in testing helps teachers to bolster confidence in their own judgement and develop their assessment literacy. Moreover, teacher involvement empowers them to play a role in reforming high-stakes language testing so that it is more equitable and more likely to enhance classroom practices. High-stakes language tests that adopt such an inclusive approach facilitate more effective learning on the part of teachers, which ultimately benefits all their students.

The New Accountability

Martin Carnoy,Richard F. Elmore,Leslie Santee Siskin
The New Accountability Book PDF

Author : Martin Carnoy,Richard F. Elmore,Leslie Santee Siskin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0415947049

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The New Accountability by Martin Carnoy,Richard F. Elmore,Leslie Santee Siskin Pdf

"Standard-based accountability" has become a consistent buzzword emanating from the mouths of hopeful politicians-liberal and conservative-for almost twenty years. But does accountability work? The New Accountability explores the current wave of assessment-based school accountability reforms, which combine two traditions in American education-public accountability and student testing.

Stop High-stakes Testing

Dale D. Johnson
Stop High stakes Testing Book PDF

Author : Dale D. Johnson
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Education
ISBN : 0742559386

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Stop High-stakes Testing by Dale D. Johnson Pdf

The objectives of corrective justice are affordable housing with reliable running water and electricity; employment for parents and guardians to make a living wage; top-notch tutors for all children who need them; equity in school buildings, personnel, and resources; adequate medical and dental care for all students; and violence-free communities and home lives. These objectives are appropriate in a nation where children recite the words "with liberty and justice for all" at the start of each school day. The authors argue that until corrective justice has been established, high-stakes testing in public schools must be discontinued."--BOOK JACKET.

The Unintended Consequences of High-Stakes Testing

Gail M. Jones,Brett D. Jones,Tracy Hargrove
The Unintended Consequences of High Stakes Testing Book PDF

Author : Gail M. Jones,Brett D. Jones,Tracy Hargrove
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2003-04-09
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781461715474

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The Unintended Consequences of High-Stakes Testing by Gail M. Jones,Brett D. Jones,Tracy Hargrove Pdf

To better understand how high-stakes accountability has influenced teaching and learning, this book takes an in-depth look at the myriad consequences that high-stakes tests hold for students, teachers, administrators, and the public. By focusing on these tests and spending large amounts of time on test preparation and driving teachers to teach low-level, rote memorization, schools are essentially wiping out non-tested subjects such as science, social studies, physical education, and the arts. Although testing is promoted as a strategy for improving education for all, research shows that testing has differential effects on students with special needs, minority students, students living in poverty, and those for whom English is a second language. The Unintended Consequences of High Stakes Testing unpacks the assumptions and philosophical foundations on which testing policies are based. The authors' arguments are grounded in extensive interviews and research. Through an examination of research, these authors show that high-stakes testing promotes students' dependence on extrinsic motivation at the cost of intrinsic motivation and the associated love of learning—which has tangible impacts on their education and lives. Features: -Examines how high stakes testing from the perspectives of teachers, students, and adminstrators. -Considers how testing impacts the curriculum including tested subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics as well as non-tested subjects such as science, social studies, physical education, and the arts. -Documents how teachers and administrators engage in test preparation and discusses ethical and unethical test preparation practices. -Reviews the evolution of testing through history and how it mpacts the curriculum. -Examines the differential effects of testing on students with special needs, minority students, students living in poverty, and those for whom English is a second language.

The Mismeasure of Education

Jim Horn,Denise Wilburn
The Mismeasure of Education Book PDF

Author : Jim Horn,Denise Wilburn
Publisher : IAP
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781623963934

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The Mismeasure of Education by Jim Horn,Denise Wilburn Pdf

With new student assessments and teacher evaluation schemes in the planning or early implementation phases, this book takes a step back to examine the ideological and historical grounding, potential benefits, scholarly evidence, and ethical basis for the new generation of test based accountability measures. After providing the political and cultural contexts for the rise of the testing accountability movement in the 1960s that culminated almost forty years later in No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top, this book then moves on to provide a policy history and social policy analysis of value-added testing in Tennessee that is framed around questions of power relations, winners, and losers. In examining the issues and exercise of power that are sustained in the long-standing policy of standardized testing in schools, this work provides a big picture perspective on assessment practices over time in the U. S.; by examining the rise of value-added assessment in Tennessee, a fine-grained and contemporary case is provided within that larger context. The last half of the book provides a detailed survey of the research based critiques of value-added methodology, while detailing an aggressive marketing campaign to make value-added modeling (VAM) a central component of reform strategies following NCLB. The last chapter and epilogue place the continuation of test-based accountability practices within the context of an emerging pushback against privatization, high stakes testing, and other education reforms. This book will be useful to a wide audience, including teachers, parents, school leaders, policymakers, researchers, and students of educational history, policy, and politics.

The Paradoxes of High Stakes Testing

Michael Russell,George Madaus,Jennifer Higgins
The Paradoxes of High Stakes Testing Book PDF

Author : Michael Russell,George Madaus,Jennifer Higgins
Publisher : IAP
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2009-02-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781607529835

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The Paradoxes of High Stakes Testing by Michael Russell,George Madaus,Jennifer Higgins Pdf

As a nation, we spend more than $1 billion a year on federally mandated educational tests that 30 million students must take each year. The country spends an additional $1.2 billion on test preparation materials designed to help students pass these tests. While test mandates were put in place with good intentions, increasingly educational leaders and policy makers are questioning these test based reform efforts. Some question whether these programs are doing more harm than good. Others call for the development of more and better tests. Given the vast amount of resources our nation pours into testing, is it time we pay closer attention to these testing programs? Is it time we hold the testing industry and policy makers accountable for the tests they make and use? Is it time we invest resources to develop new ways of testing our students? The Paradoxes of High-Stakes Testing explores these and other questions, as it helps parents, teachers, educational leaders, and policy makers better understand the complexities of educational policies that use tests as a lever for improving the quality of education. The book explores: >> how testing is used to enable teachers and schools to be more effective and improve student learning, >> why testing is so ingrained in the American psyche and why policy makers rely on testing policies to reform our educational system, >> what we can learn from a long history of test-based reform efforts that have occurred over centuries and across continents, >> what effects testing has on teaching and learning in our schools when it is used to solve political, social, or economic problems. Most importantly, the book describes several ways in which testing can be improved to provide more accurate and more useful measures of student learning. Many of these improvements capitalize on technology to provide teachers with more detailed, diagnostic information about student learning and measure skills that some leaders argue are essential for the 21st century work force. Exploring what is within reach is critical because current testing policies are hindering these improvements. Finally, given that testing is and will continue to be an integral part of our educational system, the book concludes that, like other sectors of our society, educational testing must be more closely monitored to ensure that high quality tests are used to measure student achievement and to minimize the negative effects that testing has on students, schools, and our society. Given the opportunity our nation has to rethink and redesign its testing policies, The Paradoxes of High-Stakes Testing presents a clear strategy to maximize the positive effects of educational testing.

High Stakes

Committee on Appropriate Test Use,Board on Testing and Assessment,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council
High Stakes Book PDF

Author : Committee on Appropriate Test Use,Board on Testing and Assessment,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1998-12-30
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309524957

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High Stakes by Committee on Appropriate Test Use,Board on Testing and Assessment,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council Pdf

Everyone is in favor of "high education standards" and "fair testing" of student achievement, but there is little agreement as to what these terms actually mean. High Stakes looks at how testing affects critical decisions for American students. As more and more tests are introduced into the country's schools, it becomes increasingly important to know how those tests are used--and misused--in assessing children's performance and achievements. High Stakes focuses on how testing is used in schools to make decisions about tracking and placement, promotion and retention, and awarding or withholding high school diplomas. This book sorts out the controversies that emerge when a test score can open or close gates on a student's educational pathway. The expert panel: Proposes how to judge the appropriateness of a test. Explores how to make tests reliable, valid, and fair. Puts forward strategies and practices to promote proper test use. Recommends how decisionmakers in education should--and should not--use test results. The book discusses common misuses of testing, their political and social context, what happens when test issues are taken to court, special student populations, social promotion, and more. High Stakes will be of interest to anyone concerned about the long-term implications for individual students of picking up that Number 2 pencil: policymakers, education administrators, test designers, teachers, and parents.

Opting Out

David Hursh,Jeanette Deutermann,Lisa Rudley,Zhe Chen,Sarah McGinnis
Opting Out Book PDF

Author : David Hursh,Jeanette Deutermann,Lisa Rudley,Zhe Chen,Sarah McGinnis
Publisher : Myers Education Press
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-22
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781975501525

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Opting Out by David Hursh,Jeanette Deutermann,Lisa Rudley,Zhe Chen,Sarah McGinnis Pdf

A 2020 AESA Critics' Choice Book Award winner The rise of high-stakes testing in New York and across the nation has narrowed and simplified what is taught, while becoming central to the effort to privatize public schools. However, it and similar reform efforts have met resistance, with New York as the exemplar for how to repel standardized testing and invasive data collection, such as inBloom. In New York, the two parent/teacher organizations that have been most effective are Long Island Opt Out and New York State Allies for Public Education. Over the last four years, they and other groups have focused on having parents refuse to submit their children to the testing regime, arguing that if students don’t take the tests, the results aren’t usable. The opt-out movement has been so successful that 20% of students statewide and 50% of students on Long Island refused to take tests. In Opting Out, two parent leaders of the opt-out movement—Jeanette Deutermann and Lisa Rudley—tell why and how they became activists in the two organizations. The story of parents, students, and teachers resisting not only high-stakes testing but also privatization and other corporate reforms parallels the rise of teachers across the country going on strike to demand increases in school funding and teacher salaries. Both the success of the opt-out movement and teacher strikes reflect the rise of grassroots organizing using social media to influence policy makers at the local, state, and national levels. Perfect for courses such as: The Politics Of Education | Education Policy | Education Reform Community Organizing | Education Evaluation | Education Reform | Parents And Education