Historical Encyclopedia Of Natural And Mathematical Sciences
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Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences by Ari Ben-Menahem Pdf
This 5,800-page encyclopedia surveys 100 generations of great thinkers, offering more than 2,000 detailed biographies of scientists, engineers, explorers and inventors who left their mark on the history of science and technology. This six-volume masterwork also includes 380 articles summarizing the time-line of ideas in the leading fields of science, technology, mathematics and philosophy.
Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences by I. Grattan-Guinness Pdf
Mathematics is one of the most basic -- and most ancient -- types of knowledge. Yet the details of its historical development remain obscure to all but a few specialists. The two-volume Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences recovers this mathematical heritage, bringing together many of the world's leading historians of mathematics to examine the history and philosophy of the mathematical sciences in a cultural context, tracing their evolution from ancient times to the twentieth century. In 176 concise articles divided into twelve parts, contributors describe and analyze the variety of problems, theories, proofs, and techniques in all areas of pure and applied mathematics, including probability and statistics. This indispensable reference work demonstrates the continuing importance of mathematics and its use in physics, astronomy, engineering, computer science, philosophy, and the social sciences. Also addressed is the history of higher education in mathematics. Carefully illustrated, with annotated bibliographies of sources for each article, The Companion Encyclopedia is a valuable research tool for students and teachers in all branches of mathematics. Contents of Volume 1: -Ancient and Non-Western Traditions -The Western Middle Ages and the Renaissance -Calculus and Mathematical Analysis -Functions, Series, and Methods in Analysis -Logic, Set Theories, and the Foundations of Mathematics -Algebras and Number Theory Contents of Volume 2: -Geometries and Topology -Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering -Physics, Mathematical Physics, and Electrical Engineering -Probability, Statistics, and the Social Sciences -Higher Education andInstitutions -Mathematics and Culture -Select Bibliography, Chronology, Biographical Notes, and Index
History of Mathematics by Vagn Lundsgaard Hansen,Jeremy Gray Pdf
History of Mathematics is a component of Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on History of Mathematics discusses: Mathematics in Egypt and Mesopotamia; History of Trigonometryto 1550; Mathematics in Japan; The Mathematization of The Physical Sciences-Differential Equations of Nature; A Short History of Dynamical Systems Theory:1885-2007; Measure Theories and Ergodicity Problems; The Number Concept and Number Systems; Operations Research and Mathematical Programming: From War to Academia - A Joint Venture; Elementary Mathematics From An Advanced Standpoint; The History and Concept of Mathematical Proof; Geometry in The 20th Century; Bourbaki: An Epiphenomenon in The History of Mathematics This volume is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers, NGOs and GOs.
Mathemusical Conversations by Jordan B L Smith,Elaine Chew,Gérard Assayag Pdf
Mathemusical Conversations celebrates the understanding of music through mathematics, and the appreciation of mathematics through music. This volume is a compilation of the invited talks given at the Mathemusical Conversations workshop that took place in Singapore from 13–15 February 2015, organized by Elaine Chew in partnership with Gérard Assayag for the scientific program and with Bernard Lanskey for the artistic program. The contributors are world experts and leading scholars, writing on the intersection of music and mathematics. They also focus on performance and composition, two topics which are foundational both to the understanding of human creativity and to the creation of tomorrow's music technologies. This book is essential reading for researchers in both music and mathematics. It will also appeal more broadly to scholars, students, musicians, and anyone interested in new perspectives on the intimate relationship between these two universal human activities. Contents:Foreword by Series EditorsForeword by Workshop OrganizersMathemusical Engagement:Without Our Consent (Paul Schoenfield)Approaches to Musical Expression in Harmonix Video Games (Eran Egozy)Motion and Gravitation in the Musical Spheres (Elaine Chew)Mathemusical Creativity:Improvising in Creative Symbolic Interaction (Gérard Assayag)Music, Creativity, and Computers (Margaret A Boden)Tiling Canons as a Key to Approaching Open Mathematical Conjectures? (Moreno Andreatta)Shaping Performance:Musical Motives in Performance: A Study of Absolute Timing Patterns (Neta Spiro, Nicolas Gold and John Rink)Playing with Variables: Anticipating One Particular Performance of Bach's Goldberg Variations (Bernard Lanskey and Stephen Emmerson)The Informatics Philharmonic in the Indiana University Summer String Academy (Christopher Raphael)Educating the Mathemusical:Mathematical Thought and Empirical Approaches in Higher Education in Music (Jian Yang)Action and Symbol: An Essential Tension (Jeanne Bamberger)Educating the Mathemusical: Balancing the Equation (Don McLean)Geometries:Graph-theoretic and Geometric Models of Music (Richard Cohn)In Quest of Musical Vectors (Dmitri Tymoczko)A Topological Approach of Musical Relationships (Jean-Louis Giavitto and Antoine Spicher)List of Contributors Readership: Advanced secondary school students; post-secondary school students; and scientists, mathematicians, musicians and members of the public interested in the mathematical music sciences.
Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences by I. Grattan-Guinness Pdf
The first book of a two-volume encyclopaedia which makes the vast and varied history of mathematics available in a reasonably compact format. The book offers in-depth accounts of the principal areas of activity up to the 1930s and touches on related topics, including ethnomathematics.
“As a man thinks, so is he.” Personally, and socially, so is he. Yet if this is true, then "as a man thinks" has led us into the thick of global crisis. What exactly is it, about our thinking, that fails us? What has gone so wrong? There are firm reasons why we may hope for new direction. Firstly, we have a new view of the connectedness of all things. Never before has this encompassed so much. It makes a crucial difference to philosophy. Secondly, when we recast philosophy’s high-level concepts in more concrete terms, it becomes possible to discuss them without confusion. This is the method of this book. There is much of interest for the theologian, too. Legendary film director Ingmar Bergman once wrote, “What will happen to us who want to believe, but can not?” His “can not” had to do with what Professor Karen Barad calls the “hegemony of physics”. Everything, Briefly details why it is impossible, in fact, to believe in a closed universe of cause and effect.
The rainbow is a compelling spectacle in nature—a rare, evanescent, and beautiful bridge between subjective experience and objective reality—and no less remarkable as a cultural phenomenon. A symbol of the Left since the German Peasants’ War of the 1520s, it has been adopted by movements for gay rights, the environment, multiculturalism, and peace around the globe, and has inspired poets, artists, and writers including John Keats, Caspar David Friedrich, Edgar Allan Poe, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. In this book, the first of its kind, Daniel MacCannell offers an enlightening and instructive guide to the rainbow’s multicolored relationship with humanity. The scientific “discovery” of the rainbow is a remarkable tale, taking in ancient Greece and Rome, medieval Persia, and Islamic Spain. But even as we’ve studied rainbows, adopted their image, and penned odes to them for millennia, rainbows have also been regarded as ominous or even dangerous in myth and religion. In the twentieth century, the rainbow emerged as kitsch, arcing from the musical film version of The Wizard of Oz to 1980s sitcoms and children’s cartoons. Illustrated throughout in prismatic color, MacCannell’s Rainbows explores the full spectrum of rainbows’ nature and meaning, offering insight into what rainbows are and how they work, how we arrived at our current scientific understanding of the phenomenon, and how we have portrayed them in everything from myth to the arts, politics, and popular culture.
Spectacular Science, Technology and Superstition in the Age of Shakespeare by Sophie Chiari Pdf
To the readers who ask themselves: What is science?', this volume provides an answer from an early modern perspective, whereby science included such various intellectual pursuits as history, poetry, occultism and philosophy.
Thirty-two days underground. No heat. No sunlight. 4 June 1938. Nathaniel Kleitman and his research student make their way down the seventy-one steps leading to the mouth of Mammoth Cave. They are about to embark on one of the most intrepid and bizarre experiments in medical history, one which will change our understanding of sleep forever. Undisturbed by natural light, they will investigate what happens when you overturn one of the fundamental rhythms of the human body. Together, they enter the darkness. When Kleitman first arrived in New York, a penniless twenty-year-old refugee, few would have guessed that in just a few decades he would revolutionise the field of sleep science. In Mapping the Darkness, Kenneth Miller weaves science and history to tell the story of the outsider scientists who took sleep science from the fringes to a mainstream obsession. Reliving the spectacular experiments, technological innovation, imaginative leaps and single-minded commitment of these early pioneers, Miller provides a tantalising glimpse into the most mysterious third of our lives.
A Rich and Tantalizing Brew by Jeanette M. Fregulia Pdf
The history of coffee is much more than the tale of one luxury good—it is a lens through which to consider various strands of world history, from food and foodways to religion and economics and sociocultural dynamics. A Rich and Tantalizing Brew traces the history of coffee from its cultivation and brewing first as a private pleasure in the highlands of Ethiopia and Yemen through its emergence as a sought-after public commodity served in coffeehouses first in the Muslim world, and then traveling across the Mediterranean to Italy, to other parts of Europe, and finally to India and the Americas. At each of these stops the brew gathered ardent aficionados and vocal critics, all the while reshaping patterns of socialization. Taking its conversational tone from the chats often held over a steaming cup, A Rich and Tantalizing Brew offers a critical and entertaining look at how this bitter beverage, with a little help from the tastes that traveled with it—chocolate, tea, and sugar—has connected people to each other both within and outside of their typical circles, inspiring a new context for sharing news, conducting business affairs, and even plotting revolution.
