History Of Concrete A Very Old And Modern Material

Author : Jahren Per,Sui Tongbo
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789813145757

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History Of Concrete: A Very Old And Modern Material by Jahren Per,Sui Tongbo Pdf

Post-war Europe and Asia have seen the rapid development of German and Japan from a war torn countries into two of the most powerful nations in the world. Their achievement is nothing short of miraculous. However, as the two most populated countries; China and India, transform themselves into Asia powerhouses, cement and concrete will be their brick and mortar to sustain their double digit growth in economy.This book summarizes the history and development of cement and concrete. From prehistoric period to today, from ancient Egypt and Rome period to China, over tens of thousands of years of human civilization in the form of the gelled material (cement, concrete).The book is divided into seven chapters, including more than 300 references. Chapter 1 introduces the prehistoric gelled material development; Chapter 2 is about the birth of Portland cement and the technological application; Chapter 3 introduces the important role that concrete played in the human society developing process; Chapter 4 subdivides the performance and the wide application of different function of cement and concrete; Chapter 5 focuses on northern Europe, especially the history of Norwegian cement; Chapter 6 elaborates the development of concrete in China and its impact in the world's ancient civilizations history; Chapter 7 describes the development prospect of cement and concrete.

Author : Per Jahren
Publisher : Fagbokforlaget
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Concrete
ISBN : 8251927625

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Concrete by Per Jahren Pdf

Concrete is decidedly the world's most important building material today. Approximately twice as much concrete is used each year compared with all other building materials combined. Concrete: History and Accounts addresses the exciting history of concrete, from its humble beginnings, through ancient history and Roman times, up to modern-day concrete made of Portland cement. A number of specialist fields from the more recent history of concrete are treated in separate chapters. In the final chapter, the future of this building material is predicted. The book is peppered with examples, accounts, and anecdotes from a number of countries.

Author : Robert Courland
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781633888692

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Concrete Planet by Robert Courland Pdf

Concrete: We use it for our buildings, bridges, dams, and roads. We walk on it, drive on it, and many of us live and work within its walls. But very few of us know what it is. We take for granted this ubiquitous substance, which both literally and figuratively comprises much of modern civilization's constructed environment; yet the story of its creation and development features a cast of fascinating characters and remarkable historical episodes. Featuring a new epilogue on the Surfside condominium collapse and the current state of infrastructure in America, this book delves into this history, opening readers' eyes at every turn. In a lively narrative peppered with intriguing details, author Robert Courland describes how some of the most famous personalities of history became involved in the development and use of concrete-including King Herod the Great of Judea, the Roman emperor Hadrian, Thomas Edison (who once owned the largest concrete cement plant in the world), and architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Courland points to recent archaeological evidence suggesting that the discovery of concrete directly led to the Neolithic Revolution and the rise of the earliest civilizations. Much later, the Romans reached extraordinarily high standards for concrete production, showcasing their achievement in iconic buildings like the Coliseum and the Pantheon. Amazingly, with the fall of the Roman Empire, the secrets of concrete manufacturing were lost for over a millennium. The author explains that when concrete was rediscovered in the late eighteenth century it was initially viewed as an interesting novelty or, at best, a specialized building material suitable only for a narrow range of applications. It was only toward the end of the nineteenth century that the use of concrete exploded. During this rapid expansion, industry lobbyists tried to disguise the fact that modern concrete had certain defects and critical shortcomings. It is now recognized that modern concrete, unlike its Roman predecessor, gradually disintegrates with age. Compounding this problem is another distressing fact: the manufacture of concrete cement is a major contributor to global warming. Concrete Planet is filled with incredible stories, fascinating characters, surprising facts, and an array of intriguing insights into the building material that forms the basis of the infrastructure on which we depend.

Author : Mary Soderstrom
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0889777861

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Concrete by Mary Soderstrom Pdf

Imagine what the world would be like without concrete: there'd be no high-rises, no grand irrigation projects, no lettuce from southern climes in the winter, no multi-lane highways crisscrossing continents, a shortage of electricity, more mud in some places, more solitude in others. But because of the fossil fuels and other resources required to make concrete, there also would be less CO2 in the atmosphere and less dramatic climate change. In Concrete: From Ancient Origins to a Problematic Future, Soderstrom tells the story of concrete's glorious past, extravagant present, and uncertain future with careful research, lively anecdotes, and thoughtful reflection. The framework for this exploration is one the Romans--famous for concrete structures that are still strong--would understand: the four elements of Earth, Fire, Water, and Air. "[For] those of us who are thinking about, and educating for, deep cultural change, . . . for those of us that care about what it means to be good, in the deepest sense; to participants in an earth-system that is failing at human hands, in the context of recognizing the repercussions of the Anthropocene." --Laura Sewall, author of Sight and Sensibility: The Ecopsychology of Perception

Author : Hosam Saleh
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781838819569

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Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates by Hosam Saleh Pdf

Concrete is a material used widely in building and construction applications worldwide; hence, it plays a significant role in the global construction sector. Cement is a major component of concrete and is used in construction applications, either on its own or as a composite with other materials, to improve workability, durability, strength, weight, and shrinkage. However, cement and concrete production and use have adverse environmental effects. Thus, great efforts have been made to produce eco-friendly concrete. This book examines several aspects of sustainable concrete technologies, including new forms of concrete as well as different approaches for creating sustainable cement.

Author : Jerry Tracy,Jack Murphy,James Murtagh
Publisher : Fire Engineering Books
Page : 953 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2023-05-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781593705800

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High-Rise Buildings by Jerry Tracy,Jack Murphy,James Murtagh Pdf

Authors Jerry Tracy, Jack J. Murphy and James J. Murtagh invite fire chiefs, fire officers, firefighters, fire protection engineers, building management and the greater fire community to explore High-Rise Buildings: Understanding the Vertical Challenges as a foundation for coordination and control of high-rise building operations. Features: - Learn about cognitive command from many invaluable high-rise fire case histories - Manage and respond to all-hazards events within the high-rise environment for generations to come - A guideline and reference for fire professionals, building owners and system engineers, the building construction community, property managers What others are saying: "High-Rise Buildings: Understanding the Vertical Challenges is literally a "bible" for high-rise buildings, protection from fire, and the challenges they present to firefighters." --Paul Grimwood, Kent (UK) Fire and Rescue Service, Ph.D., Principal, Fire Protection Engineer "High-Rise Buildings: Understanding the Vertical Challenges fills an important void in high-rise firefighting and is an important asset to fire officers." --Glenn P. Corbett, Fire Engineering Magazine, Technical Editor

Author : Robby Caspeele,Luc Taerwe,Dan M. Frangopol
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351857567

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Life Cycle Analysis and Assessment in Civil Engineering: Towards an Integrated Vision by Robby Caspeele,Luc Taerwe,Dan M. Frangopol Pdf

This volume contains the papers presented at IALCCE2018, the Sixth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE2018), held in Ghent, Belgium, October 28-31, 2018. It consists of a book of extended abstracts and a USB device with full papers including the Fazlur R. Khan lecture, 8 keynote lectures, and 390 technical papers from all over the world. Contributions relate to design, inspection, assessment, maintenance or optimization in the framework of life-cycle analysis of civil engineering structures and infrastructure systems. Life-cycle aspects that are developed and discussed range from structural safety and durability to sustainability, serviceability, robustness and resilience. Applications relate to buildings, bridges and viaducts, highways and runways, tunnels and underground structures, off-shore and marine structures, dams and hydraulic structures, prefabricated design, infrastructure systems, etc. During the IALCCE2018 conference a particular focus is put on the cross-fertilization between different sub-areas of expertise and the development of an overall vision for life-cycle analysis in civil engineering. The aim of the editors is to provide a valuable source of cutting edge information for anyone interested in life-cycle analysis and assessment in civil engineering, including researchers, practising engineers, consultants, contractors, decision makers and representatives from local authorities.

Author : David Tucker
Publisher : The Crowood Press
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-25
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9781785007934

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Scottish Highland Railways by David Tucker Pdf

Scottish Highland Railways describes eight great journeys by rail through northern Scotland, detailing the history of the lines while travelling along their modern-day routes. In addition, the landscapes, regional history, stations and services available are all described. With over 100 present-day and archive photographs and maps, this book provides the histories of the railways of the east coast, the Grampian region, the highland main line and the Far North, West Highland and Oban, Mallaig and Kyle of Lochalsh lines. A railway company 'family tree' is given and a timeline documenting the many mergers and changes over time. The recent history of these railways in the 20th and 21st centuries is given along with a list of operational stations in 2020 together with passenger usage statistics. There are also details of rail organizations and regulations in Scotland.

Author : Samuel A. Berg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Reinforced concrete
ISBN : 9171781307

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History of Reinforced Concrete to 1950 by Samuel A. Berg Pdf

The creation of reinforced concrete, a composite, is based on the inventions of Portland cement and the rolled steel bar. This dual concept was in force in the 1880s, rapidly enforcing the composite on the market, gradually phasing out the materials of natural stone and wood in construction works. Simultaneously, simple computation models were developed, allowing calculations of the building material for constructions, useful as flooring, beams, columns, bridges, road pavements, cisterns, trusses, tubes etc. Though simple, the first design theory in 1887 became very useful as it reduced the dimensions of structures by about 50 %. In 1890, P. Neumann, a pioneer from the Vienna school, contributed to a more scientific model of properties, though slowly utilized in practice, which inspired the design theories launched by three outstanding pioneers, E. Mörsch, R. Saliger and E. Suenson after the turn of the twentieth century. Meanwhile J. Melan and F. Emperger in Vienna and A. Ostenfeld in Copenhagen started the era of bridge designing from Monier vaults. Emperger, occupied in the USA with bridge designing 1890- 1897, contributed to the very rapid development of bridge-building in the USA. Much in the same manner, F. Hennebique and his peer E. Fryssinet were in charge of the amazing development of monolithic reinforced structures and pre-stressed bridges in Europe 1892-1940. The ultimate calculation method for reinforced concrete became a reality when a pioneer from the Danish school, A. Ingerslev launched theories for flat slabs. Despite a very short active period, Ingerslev's theory was employed in Denmark after 1921. His follower K. W. Johansen, occupied with the subject for three decades, brought the flat slab theory to its peak. Slowly, due to very late translations, it gained acceptance in all countries dealing with flat slab structures. The ultimate use of the composite appeared in thin shell structures: Orly hangars erected in 1921-1923, the spherical dome in Jena in 1924 and elliptical shaped shell structures in Spain and Switzerland in the 1930s, due to E. Torroja and R.Maillart. Finally, after the failure of the hotel Goldener Bär in Bern in 1901, the building code for concrete was rapidly enforced, in 1903 in Switzerland, soon followed by codes in Austria and Germany. The higher safety of concrete structures, due to the increased strength of the materials, was soon followed by more sophisticated design theories, based on prismatic failure stresses.

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119942535

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Making the Modern World by Vaclav Smil Pdf

How much further should the affluent world push its material consumption? Does relative dematerialization lead to absolute decline in demand for materials? These and many other questions are discussed and answered in Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization. Over the course of time, the modern world has become dependent on unprecedented flows of materials. Now even the most efficient production processes and the highest practical rates of recycling may not be enough to result in dematerialization rates that would be high enough to negate the rising demand for materials generated by continuing population growth and rising standards of living. This book explores the costs of this dependence and the potential for substantial dematerialization of modern economies. Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization considers the principal materials used throughout history, from wood and stone, through to metals, alloys, plastics and silicon, describing their extraction and production as well as their dominant applications. The evolving productivities of material extraction, processing, synthesis, finishing and distribution, and the energy costs and environmental impact of rising material consumption are examined in detail. The book concludes with an outlook for the future, discussing the prospects for dematerialization and potential constrains on materials. This interdisciplinary text provides useful perspectives for readers with backgrounds including resource economics, environmental studies, energy analysis, mineral geology, industrial organization, manufacturing and material science.

Author : Mark Miodownik
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : History
ISBN : 9780544236042

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Stuff Matters by Mark Miodownik Pdf

An eye-opening adventure deep inside the everyday materials that surround us, from concrete and steel to denim and chocolate, packed with surprising stories and fascinating science.

Author : V.M. Malhotra
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351087742

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Condensed Silica Fume in Concrete by V.M. Malhotra Pdf

As the first of its kind, this book presents a balanced view of the effect of condensed silica fume on the physical, chemical, mechanical, and durability aspects with respect to cement paste, mortar, and concrete. It discusses the nature and types of condensed silica fume, physical characteristics, product variation and problems involved in its handling and transportation.

Author : Claudio Modena,P.B. Lourenço,P. Roca
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1466 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780429621000

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Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions - 2 Volume Set by Claudio Modena,P.B. Lourenço,P. Roca Pdf

Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions contains about 160 papers that were presented at the IV International Seminar on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions that was held from 10 to 13 November, 2004 in Padova Italy. Following publications of previous seminars that were organized in Barcelona, Spain (1995 and 1998) and Guimarães, Portugal (2001), state-of-the-art information is presented in these two volumes on the preservation, protection, and restoration of historical constructions, both comprising monumental structures and complete city centers. These two proceedings volumes are devoted to the possibilities of numerical and experimental techniques in the maintenance of historical structures. In this respect, the papers, originating from over 30 countries, are subdivided in the following areas: Historical aspects and general methodology, Materials and laboratory testing, Non-destructive testing and inspection techniques, Dynamic behavior and structural monitoring, Analytical and numerical approaches, Consolidation and strengthening techniques, Historical timber and metal structures, Seismic analysis and vulnerability assessment, Seismic strengthening and innovative systems, Case studies. Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions is a valuable source of information for scientists and practitioners working on structure-related issues of historical constructions

Author : Thomas C. Jester
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-08-01
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781606063255

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Twentieth-Century Building Materials by Thomas C. Jester Pdf

Over the concluding decades of the twentieth century, the historic preservation community increasingly turned its attention to modern buildings, including bungalows from the 1930s, gas stations and diners from the 1940s, and office buildings and architectural homes from the 1950s. Conservation efforts, however, were often hampered by a lack of technical information about the products used in these structures, and to fill this gap Twentieth-Century Building Materials was developed by the U.S. Department of the Interior’s National Park Service and first published in 1995. Now, this invaluable guide is being reissued—with a new preface by the book’s original editor. With more than 250 illustrations, including a full-color photographic essay, the volume remains an indispensable reference on the history and conservation of modern building materials. Thirty-seven essays written by leading experts offer insights into the history, manufacturing processes, and uses of a wide range of materials, including glass block, aluminum, plywood, linoleum, and gypsum board. Readers will also learn about how these materials perform over time and discover valuable conservation and repair techniques. Bibliographies and sources for further research complete the volume. The book is intended for a wide range of conservation professionals including architects, engineers, conservators, and material scientists engaged in the conservation of modern buildings, as well as scholars in related disciplines.

Author : R. N. Swamy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015010488347

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New Concrete Materials by R. N. Swamy Pdf