History Of Street Gangs In The United States

Author : James C. Howell
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781498511339

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The History of Street Gangs in the United States by James C. Howell Pdf

This book is an historical account of the emergence of youth gangs and the transformation of these into street gangs in the United States. The author traces the emergence of these gangs in the four major geographical regions over the span of two centuries, from the early 1800s to 2012. The author’s authoritative analysis explains gang emergence and expansion from play groups to heavily armed street gangs responsible for a large proportion of urban crimes, including drive-by shootings that often kill innocent bystanders. Nationwide, street gangs now account for 1 in 6 homicides each year, and for 1 in 4 in very large cities. In recent years, the number of gangs, gang members, and gang homicides increased, even though the U.S. has seen a sharp drop in violent and property crimes over the past decade. The author’s historical analysis reveals the key contributing factors to transformation of youth gangs, including social disorganization that occurred following large-scale immigration early in American history and urban policies that pushed minorities to inner city areas and public housing projects. This analysis includes the influence of prison gangs on street gangs. The first generation of prison gangs emerged spontaneously in response to dangers inside prisons. The second generation was for many years extensions of street gangs that grew enormously during the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in large urban areas in which public housing projects have served as incubators for street gangs. The third generation of prison gangs is extremely active in street-level criminal enterprises in varied forms, often highly structured and well managed organizations that are actively involved in drug trafficking. In recent years, returning inmates are a predominant influence on local gang violence. Now, prison gangs and street gangs often work together in street-level criminal enterprises. This book identifies the most promising ways that gang violence can be reduced. The best long-term approach is a combination of gang prevention, intervention, and suppression strategies and programs. Targeted suppression of gang violence is imperative. Street-workers that serve as violence interrupters can break the cycle of contagious gang violence.

Author : Bureau of Justice Assistance,Office of Juvenile Justice
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 149057722X

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History of Street Gangs in the United States by Bureau of Justice Assistance,Office of Juvenile Justice Pdf

History of Street Gangs in the United StatesBureau of Justice Assistance Office of Juvenile Justice The first active gangs in Western civilization were reported by Pike (1873, pp. 276–277), a widely respected chronicler of British crime. He documented the existence of gangs of highway robbers in England during the 17th century, andhe speculates that similar gangs might well have existed in our mother country much earlier, perhaps as early as the 14th or even the 12th century. But it does not appear that these gangs had the features of modern-day, serious street gangs. More structured gangs did not appear until the early 1600s, when London was “terrorized by aseries of organized gangs calling themselves the Mims, Hectors, Bugles, Dead Boys ... who found amusement in breaking windows, [and] demolishing taverns, [and they] also fought pitched battles among themselves dressedwith colored ribbons to distinguish the different factions”

Author : James C. Howell,John Phillips Moore
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Gangs
ISBN : OCLC:665183412

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History of Street Gangs in the United States by James C. Howell,John Phillips Moore Pdf

Author : Scott Cummings,Daniel J. Monti
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1993-03-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781438400198

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Gangs by Scott Cummings,Daniel J. Monti Pdf

This book is an examination of contemporary gangs in American cities. Gangs have proliferated over the past ten years and pose a new set of challenges to public officials, law enforcement agencies, and urban educators. Most major cities are now confronted with serious problems derived from gang violence, drug traffic, and disruption of the public educational system. In the face of deindustrialization and deepening recession, many minority youngsters view gangs as attractive alternatives to a futile search for employment in a deteriorating urban economy. Perhaps most significant, gangs are now beginning to emerge in small and medium-sized cities. Some of the nation's leading scientists and scholars have been brought together in this book to examine the contemporary contours of America's gang problem, including Daniel J. Monti, Joan Moore, Scott Cummings, Howard Pinderhughes, Diego Vigil, Ray Hutchison, Felix Padilla, Jerome H. Skolnick, Pat Jackson, and Robert A. Destro. New material dealing with wilding gangs, migration and drug trafficking, and public educational disruption appear in this volume. Other topics covered include how gangs are organized, what social function they serve, their relation to conventional society, and the social and psychological factors that contribute to their rise. The relationship of the contemporary gang problem to past research is explored, and a rich variety of case histories and comparative analysis is presented. The book also includes a section on public policy.

Author : Dale L. June,Mohamad Khatibloo,Gregorio Estevane
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781498766517

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The Re-Evolution of American Street Gangs by Dale L. June,Mohamad Khatibloo,Gregorio Estevane Pdf

The problem of gangs and gang subculture is a growing threat to the stability of neighborhoods and entire communities. During the past two decades, gang members have increasingly migrated from large urban centers to suburban areas and other countries. This book addresses the intricacies and diversities of street gangs, drawing on the expertise of high-ranking law enforcement officials monitoring terrorist activity and gang-related crimes as well as professional private investigators who have spent several decades investigating gangs and learning their subculture, lifestyle, motivations, and relationships. Ideal for supplemental reading in gang violence courses on criminal justice, sociology, law, and psychology, this comprehensive anthology presents thorough coverage of a notoriously difficult subject. It explores the following key topics: Social, psychological, and criminal impact of street gangs on juveniles Psychology of gang membership and the pathways that lead into and out of gang culture Relationship between religion and dangerous criminal gangs How U.S.-based gangs are using technology to advance their operations Use of graffiti by street gangs Evolution of gangs and recommendations for preventing future growth Gang enhancement crimes and associated misconduct of police and prosecutors Like any type of crime, street gang criminal activity cannot be totally eliminated. This book aims to provide a better understanding of gangs so that we can influence today’s potential gang members to make the right decisions for their sake and the sake of society.

Author : Herbert Covey
Publisher : Charles C Thomas Publisher
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780398093723

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Street Gangs Throughout the World by Herbert Covey Pdf

This new third edition provides an update on what is known about street gangs throughout the world and summarizes some of the major works on street gang phenomena. It focuses on those countries that have a greater presence in the literature. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the topic of street gangs throughout the world. Chapter 2 identifies some of the challenges faced by scholars when studying gangs in different countries. Chapter 3 reviews some of the basic research on street gangs in the United States and Canada. Chapter 4 covers what is known about street gangs in Europe and Russia. Chapter 5 reviews the literature on street gangs in one of the hottest areas of the world for gangs, Central America. In addition, this chapter examines South American and Caribbean gangs. Street gangs in Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Brazil, Mexico, Nicaragua, Trinidad, and other countries are covered. The presence of street gangs and gang violence in these and other countries has been identified as a major factor in the mass migration of refugees to the United States. Chapter 6 reports on the street gangs of Africa. Research on gangs in South Africa goes back decades and the country has a unique history on how gangs evolved. Other countries, such as Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya are developing a body of literature that highlights the distinctive nature of gangs and gang members in these countries. Chapter 7 addresses street gangs in Asia, including China, India, Hong Kong (post-reunification), Japan, and other countries. This chapter provides rare glimpses of gangs in China, a relatively secretive country. Although different in many ways from gangs in Asia, information is also included here about gangs in Australia and New Zealand. Practitioners in the criminal justice and juvenile justice fields will find this book to be a valuable resource.

Author : Tim Delaney
Publisher : Prentice Hall
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Social Science
ISBN : UOM:39015061206184

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American Street Gangs by Tim Delaney Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive review of all the critical elements relevant to the growing phenomenon of gang life. It is designed to provide the necessary background material of gangs so that readers gain a clear idea of the cultural and structural components of gang activity. This book provides an examination of the history of gangs, socio-psychological aspects of individual and group behavior, the major theories and socio-economic reasons as to why gangs exist, descriptions of all types of gangs, as well as law enforcement techniques.

Author : Mike Tapia
Publisher : University of New Mexico Press
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780826361103

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Gangs of the El Paso–Juárez Borderland by Mike Tapia Pdf

This thought-provoking book examines gang history in the region encompassing West Texas, Southern New Mexico, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico. Known as the El Paso–Juárez borderland region, the area contains more than three million people spanning 130 miles from east to west. From the badlands—the historically notorious eastern Valle de Juárez—to the Puerto Palomas port of entry at Columbus, New Mexico, this area has become more militarized and politicized than ever before. Mike Tapia examines this region by exploring a century of historical developments through a criminological lens and by studying the diverse subcultures on both sides of the law. Tapia looks extensively at the role of history and geography on criminal subculture formation in the binational urban setting of El Paso–Juárez, demonstrating the region’s unique context for criminogenic processes. He provides a poignant case study of Homeland Security and the apparent lack of drug-war spillover in communities on the US-Mexico border.

Author : Randall G. Shelden,Emily I. Troshynski
Publisher : Waveland Press
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781478639862

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Delinquency and Juvenile Justice in American Society by Randall G. Shelden,Emily I. Troshynski Pdf

What is delinquency? What are the pathways to offending? What prevention strategies exist? To understand delinquency, we need to overcome stereotypical thinking and implicit biases. This engaging, affordable text explores the impact of gendered, racial, and class attitudes on decisions to arrest, detain, adjudicate, and place youths in the juvenile justice system. Shelden and Troshynski highlight the social, legal, and political influences on how the public perceives juveniles. They look at the influences of family and schools on delinquency, as well as the impact of gender, trauma, and mental health issues. Discussions of topics such as the school-to-prison pipeline, disproportionate minority contact, and inequality provide a nuanced perspective on delinquency—a critical examination of social policies intended to control delinquency and the populations most likely to enter the juvenile justice system. The authors also examine the dramatically declining juvenile crime rate and advances in neuroscience that have fostered substantive reforms. These alternatives to confinement are replacing the institutions that have repeatedly produced failure with rehabilitative programs that offer hope for a more promising future.

Author : Sandra Gardner
Publisher : Franklin Watts
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0531110370

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Street Gangs in America by Sandra Gardner Pdf

Explores the history and current status of youth gangs; how they affect families and neighborhoods; the role of the media; and efforts to end gang violence.

Author : James C. Howell,Elizabeth Griffiths
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781483379746

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Gangs in America's Communities by James C. Howell,Elizabeth Griffiths Pdf

Gangs in America's Communities offers a comprehensive, up-to-date, and theoretically grounded approach to gangs and associated youth violence. Authors Dr. James C. Howell and Dr. Elizabeth Griffiths introduce readers to the foundations of gang studies through the origins of gangs, definitions and categories of youth/street gangs, transnational as well as prison gangs (and the distinctions between these arguably different types), national trends in gang presence and gang-related violence across American cities, distinguishing attributes of serious street gangs, and myths and realities. Students and instructors will benefit from the Second Edition’s comprehensive treatment of the state of the literature on individual-level causes and consequences of gang membership. Going beyond the traditional topics covered in most texts in the market, this book uniquely describes specific gang patterns, trends, and cultures within a group-based structure while illuminating the most promising avenues for reducing the presence and seriousness of gangs in American communities.

Author : Carter F. Smith
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781538135457

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Gangs and the Military by Carter F. Smith Pdf

Gangs are expanding, evolving, and posing an increasing threat to communities nationwide. This could be due in part to the increased number of gang members with military training. This book explores how military veterans are becoming increasingly involved in street gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs, and domestic extremist groups.

Author : James C. Howell,Elizabeth Griffiths
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2018-02-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781544300245

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Gangs in America′s Communities by James C. Howell,Elizabeth Griffiths Pdf

"[Gangs in America′s Communities] is one of the most comprehensive treatments of gangs in the marketplace. . . . I highly recommend its adoption as you will not be disappointed and, most importantly, neither will your students." —Elvira White-Lewis, Texas A&M University-Commerce Gangs in America′s Communities, Third Edition blends theory with current research to help readers identify essential features associated with youth violence and gangs, as well as apply strategies for gang control and prevention. Authors Dr. James C. Howell and Dr. Elizabeth Griffiths introduce readers to theories of gang formation, illustrate various ways of defining and classifying gangs, and discuss national trends in gang presence and gang-related violence across American cities. They also offer evidence-based strategies for positioning communities to prevent, intervene, and address gang activity. New to the Third Edition: A series of new case studies document the evolution of numerous gangs in large cities, including the community aspect, evolutionary nature, and how cities influence levels of violence. New discussions highlighting the role of social media, insights into how gangs use it to recruit members, and the response from law enforcement. Current nationwide gang trends are discussed to encourage readers to analyze and interpret the most recent statistics for which representative data is available. Updated macro and micro gang theories enable readers to explore a recent encapsulation of leading developmental models. New discussions around female gang members offer readers potentially effective programs for discouraging females from joining gangs—along with highly regarded delinquency prevention and reduction programs that have the potency to be effective in reducing gang crimes among young women. A comprehensive gang prevention, intervention, and suppression program in Multnomah County, Oregon shows how theory was successfully applied to reduce gang activity in a local community. New research on "gang structures" and their rates of crime illustrate the connections between violent crimes and the amount of violent offenders within a gang. Additional discussion of distinguishing features (e.g., typologies) of major gangs, and numerous examples of gang symbols, tattoos, and graffiti has been added to help readers identify and differentiate various types of gangs. Instructors, sign in at study.sagepub.com/howell3e for a Microsoft Word test bank, Microsoft PowerPoint slides, and more!

Author : Herbert Asbury
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-26
Category : True Crime
ISBN : 9781786259691

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The Gangs Of New York by Herbert Asbury Pdf

Herbert Asbury presents here a vivid and startling account of New York gangdom from its beginning in Revolutionary times to comparatively recent days. Here are the stories of the great gangs which terrorized the city and at times menaced its very existence—from the Bowery Boys and the Dead Rabbits to the Gophers and the Eastmans. Kid Dropper, Dopey Benny, Gyp the Blood and Owney Madden are a few of the gangster luminaries described, not to mention such female evildoers as Gallus Mag and Sadie the Goat. Nor have the underworld’s lesser lights been overlooked; for these pages are crowded with a host of gang warriors, pickpockets, tong leaders, murderers, politicians, gamblers, prostitutes, dive-keepers and a few would-be reformers. Mr. Asbury has created such a rich, factual background for this chronicle of crime and gangsterism that the book gains considerable stature as a revealing picture of New York City’s history through a century of frenzied growth and expansion. Whether you read it as such or merely for amusement, it is a swift, exciting experience.

Author : Jennifer Grayer Moore
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-18
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9798216150275

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Street Style in America by Jennifer Grayer Moore Pdf

A comprehensive resource that will prove invaluable to fashion historians, this book presents a detailed exploration of the breadth of visually arresting, consumer-driven styles that have emerged in America since the 20th century. What are the origins of highly specific denim fashions, such as bell bottoms, skinny jeans, and ripped jeans? How do mass media and popular culture influence today's street fashion? When did American fashion sensibilities shift from conformity as an ideal to youth-oriented standards where clothing could boldly express independence and self-expression? Street Style in America: An Exploration addresses questions like these and many others related to the historical and sociocultural context of street style, supplying both A–Z entries that document specific American street styles and illustrations with accompanying commentary. This book provides a detailed analysis of American street and subcultural styles, from the earliest example reaching back to the early 20th century to contemporary times. It reviews all aspects of dress that were part of a look, considering variations over time and connecting these innovations to fashionable dress practices that emerged in the wakes of these sartorial rebellions. The text presents detailed examinations of specific dress styles and also interrogates the manifold meanings of dress practices that break from the mainstream. This book is a comprehensive resource that will prove invaluable to fashion historians and provide fascinating reading for students and general audiences.