Holism And The Understanding Of Science

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Holistic Science

Author : Mustafa Özcan
Publisher : eKitap Projesi & Cheapest Books
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9786258196795

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Holistic Science by Mustafa Özcan Pdf

INTRODUCTION Mustafa ÖZCAN's book on "HOLISM" With the beginning of the Renaissance in the 17th century, a new way of thinking was initiated in the world of philosophy and science. Although the holistic approach was a popular way of thinking among philosophers in ancient Greece, it cannot be said that there was an important theoretical recovery in these periods. This movement in Europe is primarily Rene Descartes, who wrote books on scientific methods and brought important rules. This groundbreaking philosopher was followed by the great physicist Isaac NEWTON. On the other hand, in Germany, Leibniz has taken important steps on theoreticality and holism with an approach similar to Descartes. In the 20th century, with the great journey Charles Darwin made with his holistic point of view, holisticization also took an important step. At the beginning of the 20th century, Albert EINSTEIN fundamentally established the Darwin's-like important point of view in physics and astrophysics in his perspective on the universe and atoms. This book, in my opinion, was an important step calling for holistic thought, which became increasingly impoverished at the beginning of the 20th century. I believe that this book, which tries to make a synthesis by reflecting in the views of many thinkers on both the history of philosophy, the history of science and holism, will try to fill an important deficiency in the literature. Prof. Dr. Erol Başar Beyond the blissful integration of classical, analytical, familiar science and philosophy, Mustafa Özcan, thinking about the design and use of holistic science, went beyond the holistic science, which is still in the embryo stage in Western science, and what he describes as "meta-theory". It aims to make HAK (Understanding Everything - (or Explainer) - Theory) understandable. You will try to grasp an extraordinary effort and an intellectual challenge with pleasure in this work. Ateşan Aybars Mustafa Özcan's Holistic Science book opens new horizons for those who think on these issues with a wide inclusive and integrative approach in the world intellectual environment where the debates about the end of science, philosophy and even history continue. Prof. Dr. Fuat İnce Holistic Science... It takes great courage to prepare a book on such a subject. Dear researcher and author, Mustafa Özcan, has made a great contribution to our society and our scientific world, as he has made such a subject into a book as a result of his research over the years. Prof. Dr. Murat Dinçmen

Holism and the Understanding of Science

Author : Louis Caruana
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351738194

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Holism and the Understanding of Science by Louis Caruana Pdf

This title was first published in 2000: This book addresses issues which are central in the philosophy of science, exploring a large and relevant literature. It should be of broad interest in the philosophy of science community." Professor Peter Lipton, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, UK. How can the complexities of understanding science be dealt with as a whole? Is philosophical realism still a defensible philosophical position? Exploring such fundamental questions, this book claims that science ought to be understood in terms of universal practices and that such an understanding supports an attractive version of scientific realism. Holism is attracting renewed scholarly attention but is still loosely used in a range of different contexts, from semantics to medicine. This book presents a detailed philosophical analysis of holism, concentrating on two complementary aspects of holism - cognitive and social - to investigate its relevance to science studies. Bridging the gap between analytical, historical and sociological accounts of science, Caruana draws together results from recent research by Davidson, Dummett, Quine, Wright and others, on Wittgenstein's later philosophy. Demonstrating that holism, both cognitive and social, is not only essential for a full understanding of science but also compatible with a particular version of scientific realism, this book presents important new perspectives for the philosophers of science and scholars of the history of science in particular. Louis Caruana is Assistant Lecturer in Philosophy of Science and Nature at the Gregorian University, Rome, Italy.

Holism in Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Physics

Author : M. Esfeld
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401717878

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Holism in Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Physics by M. Esfeld Pdf

The Scope of the Project The concept of holism is at the centre of far-reaching changes in various areas of philosophy in the second half of the twentieth century. Holism in epistemology and the philosophy of mind is widespread among analytic philosophers subsequent to the work of the later Wittgenstein and to Quine's "Two Dogmas of Empiricism". Roughly speaking, the claim is that (a) for a person to have beliefs, a social, linguistic community is required and that (b) single beliefs have a meaning only within a whole system of beliefs. Furthermore, holism is discussed in science, in particular in the interpretation of quantum physics. In fact, the term "holism" goes back to Smuts (1926), who introduces this term in a biological context. I Holism in any of these areas has considerable consequences for our philosophical view of the world and ourselves. Holism in quantum physics is said to refute atomism, which has been predominant in modem philosophy of nature. Holism in epistemology and the philosophy of mind is seen as an alternative to what is known as the Cartesian tradition, which dominated modem thought down to logical empiricism.

Holism and Evolution

Author : Jan Christiaan Smuts
Publisher : Legare Street Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-26
Category : History
ISBN : 1015440606

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Holism and Evolution by Jan Christiaan Smuts Pdf

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Duhem and Holism

Author : Milena Ivanova
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781009020145

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Duhem and Holism by Milena Ivanova Pdf

The holistic thesis developed by Pierre Duhem challenges the idea that our evidence can conclusively falsify a theory. Given that no scientific theory is tested in isolation, a negative experiment can always be attributed to components other than the theory we test – to the auxiliary hypotheses and background assumptions. How do scientists decide whether the experimental result undermines the theory or points at an error in the underlying assumptions? Duhem argues that we cannot offer a rule that directs when the scientist should employ a radical or conservative strategy in light of a negative result, and ultimately they will appeal to their intuition. More recently philosophers have offered a number of strategies of how to locate error and justify the abandonment of a theory or an auxiliary hypothesis. This Element analyses Duhem's response to holism and subsequent accounts of how the problem can be resolved.

Holism and Reductionism in Biology and Ecology

Author : Rick C. Looijen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401595605

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Holism and Reductionism in Biology and Ecology by Rick C. Looijen Pdf

Holism and reductionism are traditionally seen as incompatible views or approaches to nature. Here Looijen argues that they should rather be seen as mutually dependent and hence co-operating research programmes. He sheds some interesting new light on the emergence thesis, its relation to the reduction thesis, and on the role and status of functional explanations in biology. He discusses several examples of reduction in both biology and ecology, showing the mutual dependence of holistic and reductionist research programmes. Ecologists are offered separate chapters, clarifying some major, yet highly and controversial ecological concepts, such as `community', `habitat', and `niche'. The book is the first in-depth study of the philosophy of ecology. Readership: Specialists in the philosophy of science, especially the philosophy of biology, biologists and ecologists interested in the philosophy of their discipline. Also of interest to other scientists concerned with the holism-reductionism issue.

Shifting Paradigms in Public Health

Author : Vijay Kumar Yadavendu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9788132216445

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Shifting Paradigms in Public Health by Vijay Kumar Yadavendu Pdf

This transdisciplinary volume outlines the development of public health paradigms across the ages in a global context and argues that public health has seemingly lost its raison d’être, that is, a population perspective. The older, philosophical approach in public health involved a holistic, population-based understanding that emphasized historicity and interrelatedness to study health and disease in their larger socio-economic and political moorings. A newer tradition, which developed in the late 19th century following the acceptance of the germ theory in medicine, created positivist transitions in epidemiology. In the form of risk factors, a reductionist model of health and disease became pervasive in clinical and molecular epidemiology. The author shows how positivism and the concept of individualism removed from public health thinking the consideration of historical, social and economic influences that shape disease occurrence and the interventions chosen for a population. He states that the neglect of the multifactorial approach in contemporary public health thought has led to growing health inequalities in both the developed and the developing world. He further suggests that the concept of ‘social capital’ in public health, which is being hailed as a resurgence of holism, is in reality a sophisticated and extended version of individualism. The author presents the negative public policy consequences and implications of adopting methodological individualism through a discussion on AIDS policies. The book strongly argues for a holistic understanding and the incorporation of a rights perspective in public health to bring elements of social justice and fairness in policy formulations.

Holism and Evolution

Author : Jan Christiaan Smuts
Publisher : Sierra Sunrise Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 1887263144

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Holism and Evolution by Jan Christiaan Smuts Pdf

The holistic approach to life and health was first introduced in this classic work (originally published in 1926). The main concept of holism is that things which are whole, with no parts damaged or missing, have a natural advantage in terms of actual survival and success. The roots of this holistic approach to life are traced back through the gradual stages of development in our world, embracing the sciences, the arts, and the human spirit. The interaction of mind, body and spirit in the human experience is acknowledged and explored. An excellent foundation for understanding holistic health.

A Companion to the Philosophy of Science

Author : W. H. Newton-Smith
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2001-10-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 0631230203

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A Companion to the Philosophy of Science by W. H. Newton-Smith Pdf

Unmatched in the quality of its world-renowned contributors, this companion serves as both a course text and a reference book across the broad spectrum of issues of concern to the philosophy of science.

Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate

Author : Julie Zahle,Finn Collin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319053448

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Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate by Julie Zahle,Finn Collin Pdf

This collection of papers investigates the most recent debates about individualism and holism in the philosophy of social science. The debates revolve mainly around two issues: firstly, whether social phenomena exist sui generis and how they relate to individuals. This is the focus of discussions between ontological individualists and ontological holists. Secondly, to what extent social scientific explanations may and should, focus on individuals and social phenomena respectively. This issue is debated amongst methodological holists and methodological individualists. In social science and philosophy, both issues have been intensively discussed and new versions of the dispute have appeared just as new arguments have been advanced. At present, the individualism/holism debate is extremely lively and this book reflects the major positions and perspectives within the debate. This volume is also relevant to debates about two closely related issues in social science: the micro-macro debate and the agency-structure debate. This book presents contributions from key figures in both social science and philosophy, in the first such collection on this topic to be published since the 1970s.

Duhem and Holism

Author : Milena Ivanova
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2021-07-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1009001337

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Duhem and Holism by Milena Ivanova Pdf

The holistic thesis developed by Pierre Duhem challenges the idea that our evidence can conclusively falsify a theory. Given that no scientific theory is tested in isolation, a negative experiment can always be attributed to components other than the theory we test - to the auxiliary hypotheses and background assumptions. How do scientists decide whether the experimental result undermines the theory or points at an error in the underlying assumptions? Duhem argues that we cannot offer a rule that directs when the scientist should employ a radical or conservative strategy in light of a negative result, and ultimately they will appeal to their intuition. More recently philosophers have offered a number of strategies of how to locate error and justify the abandonment of a theory or an auxiliary hypothesis. This Element analyses Duhem's response to holism and subsequent accounts of how the problem can be resolved.

Holism

Author : Christian McMillan,Roderick Main,David Henderson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Holism
ISBN : 0367424819

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Holism by Christian McMillan,Roderick Main,David Henderson Pdf

Holism: Possibilities and Problems brings together leading contributors in a ground-breaking discussion of holism. The terms 'holism' and 'holistic' arouse strong emotional responses in contemporary culture, whether this be negative or positive, and the essays in this interdisciplinary collection probe, each in its own way, the possibilities and problems inherent in thinking holistically. Christian McMillan, Roderick Main and David Henderson bring together established academics and emerging scholars across subject areas and disciplinary approaches to reveal the multiplicity and complexity of issues involved in holism. Divided into four parts, the chapters determine key strands of thinking explicitly or implicitly underpinning contemporary holistic thought, including what ethical conclusions might most reasonably be drawn from such thought. Accessible and diverse, this extensive volume contains chapters from the perspective of history, ecology, psychotherapy, poetry, mythology, and an especially strong representation of continental philosophy and Jungian depth psychology. Due to its multi-disciplinary nature, the book represents an unparalleled discussion of the meanings and implications of holism. Written by an innovative and international calibre of contributors, this pioneering collection will be essential reading for practitioners in depth psychology and scholars of Jungian studies, as well as academics and students of philosophy, religious studies, spirituality, history and the history of ideas. The book is a rich resource for the enhancement of critical reflection among all those with an interest in holism.

Holism and Evolution

Author : J. C. Smuts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 125887282X

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Holism and Evolution by J. C. Smuts Pdf

This is a new release of the original 1926 edition.

Holism in Ancient Medicine and Its Reception

Author : Chiara Thumiger
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004443143

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Holism in Ancient Medicine and Its Reception by Chiara Thumiger Pdf

This volume aims at exploring the ancient roots of ‘holistic’ approaches in the specific field of medicine and the life sciences, without, however, overlooking the larger theoretical implications of these discussions. Therefore, the project plans to broaden the perspective to include larger cultural discussions and, in a comparative spirit, reach out to some examples from non Graeco-Roman medical cultures. As such, it constitutes a fundamental contribution to history of medicine, philosophy of medicine, cultural studies, and ancient studies more broadly. The wide-ranging selection of chapters offers a comprehensive view of an exciting new field: the interrogation of ancient sources in the light of modern concepts in philosophy of medicine, as justification of the claim for their enduring relevance as object of study and, at the same time, as means to a more adequate contextualisation of modern debates within a long historical process. Contributors are: Hynek Bartoš, Sean Coughlin, Elizabeth Craik, Brooke Holmes, Helen King, Giouli Korobili, David Leith, Vivian Nutton, Julius Rocca, William Michael Short, P. N. Singer, Konstantinos Stefou, Chiara Thumiger, Laurence Totelin, Claire Trenery, John Wee, Francis Zimmermann.

Reenchanted Science

Author : Anne Harrington
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691218083

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Reenchanted Science by Anne Harrington Pdf

By the 1920s in Central Europe, it had become a truism among intellectuals that natural science had "disenchanted" the world, and in particular had reduced humans to mere mechanisms, devoid of higher purpose. But could a new science of "wholeness" heal what the old science of the "machine" had wrought? Some contemporary scientists thought it could. These years saw the spread of a new, "holistic" science designed to nourish the heart as well as the head, to "reenchant" even as it explained. Critics since have linked this holism to a German irrationalism that is supposed to have paved the way to Nazism. In a penetrating analysis of this science, Anne Harrington shows that in fact the story of holism in Germany is a politically heterogeneous story with multiple endings. Its alliances with Nazism were not inevitable, but resulted from reorganizational processes that ultimately brought commitments to wholeness and race, healing and death into a common framework. Before 1933, holistic science was a uniquely authoritative voice in cultural debates on the costs of modernization. It attracted not only scientists with Nazi sympathies but also moderates and leftists, some of whom left enduring humanistic legacies. Neither a "reduction" of science to its politics, nor a vision in which the sociocultural environment is a backdrop to the "internal" work of science, this story instead emphasizes how metaphor and imagery allow science to engage "real" phenomena of the laboratory in ways that are richly generative of human meanings and porous to the social and political imperatives of the hour.