How Einstein Found His Field Equations

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How Einstein Found His Field Equations

Michel Janssen,Jürgen Renn
How Einstein Found His Field Equations Book PDF

Author : Michel Janssen,Jürgen Renn
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-07-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030979553

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How Einstein Found His Field Equations by Michel Janssen,Jürgen Renn Pdf

Einstein's field equations of gravitation are a core element of his general theory of relativity. In four short communications to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin in November 1015, we can follow the final steps toward these equations and the resulting theory's spectacular success in accounting for the anomalous motion of Mercury's perihelion. This source book provides an expert guide to these four groundbreaking papers. Following an introductory essay placing these papers in the context of the development of Einstein's theory, it presents and analyzes, in addition to the four papers of November 1915, a careful selection of (critical excerpts from) papers, letters, and manuscripts documenting the path that early on led Einstein to the field equations of the first November 1915 paper, but then took a turn away from them only to lead back to them in the end. Drawing on extensive research at the Einstein Papers Project and the Max Planck Institute for History of Science, this volume traces the intricate interplay between considerations of physics and considerations of mathematics that guided Einstein along this path. It thus presents a concise yet authoritative account of how Einstein found his field equations, affording readers who are prepared to immerse themselves in these intricacies a unique glimpse of Einstein at work at the height of his creative prowess. Highlights of this journey in Einstein's footsteps include the crucial pages (with detailed annotation) from the Zurich Notebook, the record of Einstein's early search for field equation with his mathematician friend Marcel Grossmann, and the Einstein-Besso manuscript, documenting Einstein's attempts with his friend and confidant Michele Besso to explain the Mercury anomaly on the basis of the equations that he and Grossmann had eventually settled on in the Zurich Notebook.

Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations

Hans Stephani,Dietrich Kramer,Malcolm MacCallum,Cornelius Hoenselaers,Eduard Herlt
Exact Solutions of Einstein s Field Equations Book PDF

Author : Hans Stephani,Dietrich Kramer,Malcolm MacCallum,Cornelius Hoenselaers,Eduard Herlt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 732 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521467020

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Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations by Hans Stephani,Dietrich Kramer,Malcolm MacCallum,Cornelius Hoenselaers,Eduard Herlt Pdf

A completely revised and updated edition of this classic text, covering important new methods and many recently discovered solutions. This edition contains new chapters on generation methods and their application, classification of metrics by invariants, and treatments of homothetic motions and methods from dynamical systems theory. It also includes colliding waves, inhomogeneous cosmological solutions, and spacetimes containing special subspaces.

Einstein’s Field Equations and Their Physical Implications

Bernd G. Schmidt
Einstein s Field Equations and Their Physical Implications Book PDF

Author : Bernd G. Schmidt
Publisher : Springer
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-11
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783540465805

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Einstein’s Field Equations and Their Physical Implications by Bernd G. Schmidt Pdf

This book serves two purposes. The authors present important aspects of modern research on the mathematical structure of Einstein's field equations and they show how to extract their physical content from them by mathematically exact methods. The essays are devoted to exact solutions and to the Cauchy problem of the field equations as well as to post-Newtonian approximations that have direct physical implications. Further topics concern quantum gravity and optics in gravitational fields. The book addresses researchers in relativity and differential geometry but can also be used as additional reading material for graduate students.

The Einstein Equations and the Large Scale Behavior of Gravitational Fields

Piotr T. Chrusciel,Helmut Friedrich
The Einstein Equations and the Large Scale Behavior of Gravitational Fields Book PDF

Author : Piotr T. Chrusciel,Helmut Friedrich
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034879538

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The Einstein Equations and the Large Scale Behavior of Gravitational Fields by Piotr T. Chrusciel,Helmut Friedrich Pdf

The book presents state-of-the-art results on the analysis of the Einstein equations and the large scale structure of their solutions. It combines in a unique way introductory chapters and surveys of various aspects of the analysis of the Einstein equations in the large. It discusses applications of the Einstein equations in geometrical studies and the physical interpretation of their solutions. Open problems concerning analytical and numerical aspects of the Einstein equations are pointed out. Background material on techniques in PDE theory, differential geometry, and causal theory is provided.

Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations

Hans Stephani,Dietrich Kramer,Malcolm MacCallum,Cornelius Hoenselaers,Eduard Herlt
Exact Solutions of Einstein s Field Equations Book PDF

Author : Hans Stephani,Dietrich Kramer,Malcolm MacCallum,Cornelius Hoenselaers,Eduard Herlt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2009-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 1139435027

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Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations by Hans Stephani,Dietrich Kramer,Malcolm MacCallum,Cornelius Hoenselaers,Eduard Herlt Pdf

A paperback edition of a classic text, this book contains six new chapters, covering generation methods and their application, colliding waves, classification of metrics by invariants and treatments of homothetic motions. This book is an important resource for graduates and researchers in relativity, theoretical physics, astrophysics and mathematics.

The Genesis of General Relativity

Jürgen Renn
The Genesis of General Relativity Book PDF

Author : Jürgen Renn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 2072 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2007-06-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402040009

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The Genesis of General Relativity by Jürgen Renn Pdf

This four-volume work represents the most comprehensive documentation and study of the creation of general relativity. Einstein’s 1912 Zurich notebook is published for the first time in facsimile and transcript and commented on by today’s major historians of science. Additional sources from Einstein and others, who from the late 19th to the early 20th century contributed to this monumental development, are presented here in translation for the first time. The volumes offer detailed commentaries and analyses of these sources that are based on a close reading of these documents supplemented by interpretations by the leading historians of relativity.

Einstein’s Field Equations and Their Physical Implications

Bernd G. Schmidt
Einstein s Field Equations and Their Physical Implications Book PDF

Author : Bernd G. Schmidt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2000-02-18
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783540670735

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Einstein’s Field Equations and Their Physical Implications by Bernd G. Schmidt Pdf

This book serves two purposes. The authors present important aspects of modern research on the mathematical structure of Einstein's field equations and they show how to extract their physical content from them by mathematically exact methods. The essays are devoted to exact solutions and to the Cauchy problem of the field equations as well as to post-Newtonian approximations that have direct physical implications. Further topics concern quantum gravity and optics in gravitational fields. The book addresses researchers in relativity and differential geometry but can also be used as additional reading material for graduate students.

Tensor Calculus for Physics

Dwight E. Neuenschwander
Tensor Calculus for Physics Book PDF

Author : Dwight E. Neuenschwander
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781421415642

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Tensor Calculus for Physics by Dwight E. Neuenschwander Pdf

It is an ideal companion for courses such as mathematical methods of physics, classical mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and relativity.--Gary White, editor of The Physics Teacher "American Journal of Physics"

General Relativity

Michael J W Hall
General Relativity Book PDF

Author : Michael J W Hall
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781681748849

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General Relativity by Michael J W Hall Pdf

This book is based on a set of 18 class-tested lectures delivered to fourth-year physics undergraduates at Griffith University in Brisbane, and the book presents new discoveries by the Nobel-prize winning LIGO collaboration. The author begins with a review of special relativity and tensors and then develops the basic elements of general relativity (a beautiful theory that unifies special relativity and gravitation via geometry) with applications to the gravitational deflection of light, global positioning systems, black holes, gravitational waves, and cosmology. The book provides readers with a solid understanding of the underlying physical concepts; an ability to appreciate and in many cases derive important applications of the theory; and a solid grounding for those wishing to pursue their studies further. General Relativity: An Introduction to Black Holes, Gravitational Waves, and Cosmology also connects general relativity with broader topics. There is no doubt that general relativity is an active and exciting field of physics, and this book successfully transmits that excitement to readers.

Traveling at the Speed of Thought

Daniel Kennefick
Traveling at the Speed of Thought Book PDF

Author : Daniel Kennefick
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400882748

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Traveling at the Speed of Thought by Daniel Kennefick Pdf

Since Einstein first described them nearly a century ago, gravitational waves have been the subject of more sustained controversy than perhaps any other phenomenon in physics. These as yet undetected fluctuations in the shape of space-time were first predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity, but only now, at the dawn of the twenty-first century, are we on the brink of finally observing them. Daniel Kennefick's landmark book takes readers through the theoretical controversies and thorny debates that raged around the subject of gravitational waves after the publication of Einstein's theory. The previously untold story of how we arrived at a settled theory of gravitational waves includes a stellar cast from the front ranks of twentieth-century physics, including Richard Feynman, Hermann Bondi, John Wheeler, Kip Thorne, and Einstein himself, who on two occasions avowed that gravitational waves do not exist, changing his mind both times. The book derives its title from a famously skeptical comment made by Arthur Stanley Eddington in 1922--namely, that "gravitational waves propagate at the speed of thought." Kennefick uses the title metaphorically to contrast the individual brilliance of each of the physicists grappling with gravitational-wave theory against the frustratingly slow progression of the field as a whole. Accessibly written and impeccably researched, this book sheds new light on the trials and conflicts that have led to the extraordinary position in which we find ourselves today--poised to bring the story of gravitational waves full circle by directly confirming their existence for the very first time.

General Relativity Without Calculus

Jose Natario
General Relativity Without Calculus Book PDF

Author : Jose Natario
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642214525

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General Relativity Without Calculus by Jose Natario Pdf

“General Relativity Without Calculus” offers a compact but mathematically correct introduction to the general theory of relativity, assuming only a basic knowledge of high school mathematics and physics. Targeted at first year undergraduates (and advanced high school students) who wish to learn Einstein’s theory beyond popular science accounts, it covers the basics of special relativity, Minkowski space-time, non-Euclidean geometry, Newtonian gravity, the Schwarzschild solution, black holes and cosmology. The quick-paced style is balanced by over 75 exercises (including full solutions), allowing readers to test and consolidate their understanding.

The Cambridge Companion to Einstein

Michel Janssen,Christoph Lehner
The Cambridge Companion to Einstein Book PDF

Author : Michel Janssen,Christoph Lehner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 579 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-19
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780521828345

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The Cambridge Companion to Einstein by Michel Janssen,Christoph Lehner Pdf

These fourteen essays by leading historians and philosophers of science introduce the reader to the work of Albert Einstein. Following an introduction that places Einstein's work in the context of his life and times, the essays explain his main contributions to physics in terms that are accessible to a general audience, including special and general relativity, quantum physics, statistical physics, and unified field theory. The closing essays explore the relation between Einstein's work and twentieth-century philosophy, as well as his political writings.

Einstein's Unification

Jeroen van Dongen
Einstein s Unification Book PDF

Author : Jeroen van Dongen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2010-06-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139643924

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Einstein's Unification by Jeroen van Dongen Pdf

Why did Einstein tirelessly study unified field theory for more than thirty years? In this book, the author argues that Einstein believed he could find a unified theory of all of nature's forces by repeating the methods he thought he had used when he formulated general relativity. The book discusses Einstein's route to the general theory of relativity, focusing on the philosophical lessons that he learnt. It then addresses his quest for a unified theory for electromagnetism and gravity, discussing in detail his efforts with Kaluza-Klein and, surprisingly, the theory of spinors. From these perspectives, Einstein's critical stance towards the quantum theory comes to stand in a new light. This book will be of interest to physicists, historians and philosophers of science.

Numerical Relativity

Thomas W. Baumgarte,Stuart L. Shapiro
Numerical Relativity Book PDF

Author : Thomas W. Baumgarte,Stuart L. Shapiro
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 717 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2010-06-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521514071

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Numerical Relativity by Thomas W. Baumgarte,Stuart L. Shapiro Pdf

Pedagogical introduction to numerical relativity for students and researchers entering the field, and interested scientists.

Beyond Einstein Gravity

Jorge Ovalle,Roberto Casadio
Beyond Einstein Gravity Book PDF

Author : Jorge Ovalle,Roberto Casadio
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030394936

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Beyond Einstein Gravity by Jorge Ovalle,Roberto Casadio Pdf

This book serves two main purposes: firstly, it shows, in a simple way, how the possible existence of an extra-spatial dimension would affect the predictions of four-dimensional General Relativity, a model known as the Brane world; secondly, it explains, step-by-step, a new technique called Minimal Geometric Deformation, which was introduced for the purpose of solving the correspondingly modified Einstein field equations. This method gave rise to the Gravitational Decoupling in General Relativity, which is widely used to solve the Einstein field equations in various contexts.