How The Internet Became Commercial

Author : Shane Greenstein
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691178394

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How the Internet Became Commercial by Shane Greenstein Pdf

In less than a decade, the Internet went from being a series of loosely connected networks used by universities and the military to the powerful commercial engine it is today. This book describes how many of the key innovations that made this possible came from entrepreneurs and iconoclasts who were outside the mainstream—and how the commercialization of the Internet was by no means a foregone conclusion at its outset. Shane Greenstein traces the evolution of the Internet from government ownership to privatization to the commercial Internet we know today. This is a story of innovation from the edges. Greenstein shows how mainstream service providers that had traditionally been leaders in the old-market economy became threatened by innovations from industry outsiders who saw economic opportunities where others didn't—and how these mainstream firms had no choice but to innovate themselves. New models were tried: some succeeded, some failed. Commercial markets turned innovations into valuable products and services as the Internet evolved in those markets. New business processes had to be created from scratch as a network originally intended for research and military defense had to deal with network interconnectivity, the needs of commercial users, and a host of challenges with implementing innovative new services. How the Internet Became Commercial demonstrates how, without any central authority, a unique and vibrant interplay between government and private industry transformed the Internet.

Author : Nathan Gregory
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1520155581

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Securing the Network by Nathan Gregory Pdf

Commercial use of the Internet was a new and radical concept! There is much more to the origin of the network than the story of ARPANET. This is the inside story, told by those who were there, of how the highly restricted, government-funded network playground of the government, military, and academia was usurped to create the modern Commercial Internet. This book provides not just the inside story but immense volumes of supporting information, documentation, videos and more. One man with drive and conviction became the visionary who united a collection of scrappy upstart ISPs for the formation of MAE-East, drove the creation of the long-haul Commercial Internet backbone at MFS Datanet, and then became a pioneer of the media-rich streaming data services that came into being at the ill-fated Enron Broadband Services prior to the Dot-com bubble burst in March of 2000. In 1991, the Internet was owned and operated by the National Science Foundation and was strictly limited in the things for which it could be used. In particular, the NSF had an Acceptable Uses Policy, a.k.a. the AUP, which prohibited anything which could be considered personal or commercial usage of the Internet. The NSF was looking to "sell" the Internet to a corporate entity and get out of the operation of the network. Many in the Internet community believed that when IBM teamed with Merit and MCI to form a partnership in a new company, they would win a contract to be this new backbone. Many in the Internet community assumed that if this happened, they would own the Internet and dictate usage just as the NSF had done. They bristled at this prospect. This new Merit/IBM/MCI company was called Advanced Network and Services (ANS) and operated the Internet NOC in Ann Arbor Michigan as part of the venture. Many of the small private Internet providers profoundly disliked ANS. They considered ANS a threat to the openness of the Internet. There was a joke at the time that said "The only thing missing from ANS is U" which appeared on a popular T-Shirt at Interop 1992. Debate raged about who was going to "own" the Internet when the NSF turned off the government-funded backbone. Small IP Services Providers began carrying traffic by interconnecting. From this debate emerged an independent entity beyond the control of the NSF, an interconnection point called MAE-East. From there, the Commercial Internet evolved and grew, and became the Internet we know today. The book "Securing the Network" tells the story of how this happened and the role of myself, many of my friends and co-workers, and especially that of my close friend and business partner F. Scott Yeager. If you use the Internet, work with the Internet, or are just interested in the history of the Internet, you need to read this book. Educate yourself. Buy "Securing the Network" today!

Author : National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Innovations in Computing and Communications: Lessons from History
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1999-02-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780309062787

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Funding a Revolution by National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Innovations in Computing and Communications: Lessons from History Pdf

The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.

Author : N. Saleh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230114784

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Third World Citizens and the Information Technology Revolution by N. Saleh Pdf

This book challenges the widely-held view that the information technology (IT) revolution has empowered people in the Third World. Tracing the making of the global IT regime, it shows that governments and corporations of the wealthy countries dominated this process, systematically excluding representatives of low-income countries.

Author : Irv Englander,Wilson Wong
Publisher : Wiley Global Education
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781119494935

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The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software, and Networking by Irv Englander,Wilson Wong Pdf

The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software and Networking is designed help students majoring in information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) understand the structure and operation of computers and computer-based devices. Requiring only basic computer skills, this accessible textbook introduces the basic principles of system architecture and explores current technological practices and trends using clear, easy-to-understand language. Throughout the text, numerous relatable examples, subject-specific illustrations, and in-depth case studies reinforce key learning points and show students how important concepts are applied in the real world. This fully-updated sixth edition features a wealth of new and revised content that reflects today’s technological landscape. Organized into five parts, the book first explains the role of the computer in information systems and provides an overview of its components. Subsequent sections discuss the representation of data in the computer, hardware architecture and operational concepts, the basics of computer networking, system software and operating systems, and various interconnected systems and components. Students are introduced to the material using ideas already familiar to them, allowing them to gradually build upon what they have learned without being overwhelmed and develop a deeper knowledge of computer architecture.

Author : Jacob D. Rendtorff,Maria Bonnafous-Boucher
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-02-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781800374249

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Encyclopedia of Stakeholder Management by Jacob D. Rendtorff,Maria Bonnafous-Boucher Pdf

This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of the most important concepts of stakeholder theory and management in business and public administration. It identifies that stakeholders are essential for value-creation in democratic societies.

Author : Daniel Kinyanjui
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-06-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783668460454

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Potential Impacts and Impediments of Electronic Commerce in Developing Nations by Daniel Kinyanjui Pdf

Scientific Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, , language: English, abstract: This paper tries to bring to light the meaning and types of ecommerce and then gives a brief overview of how ecommerce has evolved over time. An attempt has also been made to highlight how successful implementation of ecommerce models could impact the businesses and economies of developing countries as well as the various obstacles that hinder effective implementation and adoption of ecommerce in these countries.

Author : Jeff Kosseff
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-04-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781501735783

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The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet by Jeff Kosseff Pdf

"No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider." Did you know that these twenty-six words are responsible for much of America's multibillion-dollar online industry? What we can and cannot write, say, and do online is based on just one law—a law that protects online services from lawsuits based on user content. Jeff Kosseff exposes the workings of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which has lived mostly in the shadows since its enshrinement in 1996. Because many segments of American society now exist largely online, Kosseff argues that we need to understand and pay attention to what Section 230 really means and how it affects what we like, share, and comment upon every day. The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet tells the story of the institutions that flourished as a result of this powerful statute. It introduces us to those who created the law, those who advocated for it, and those involved in some of the most prominent cases decided under the law. Kosseff assesses the law that has facilitated freedom of online speech, trolling, and much more. His keen eye for the law, combined with his background as an award-winning journalist, demystifies a statute that affects all our lives –for good and for ill. While Section 230 may be imperfect and in need of refinement, Kosseff maintains that it is necessary to foster free speech and innovation. For filings from many of the cases discussed in the book and updates about Section 230, visit jeffkosseff.com

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business
ISBN : 1593021623

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Internet Business Foundations by Anonim Pdf

Author : John J. Donovan
Publisher : Prentice Hall
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business
ISBN : 0137456212

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The Second Industrial Revolution by John J. Donovan Pdf

To compete in the 21st century, businesses must reinvent the way they operate, and the way they reach and serve customers. This book shows managers how to use Internet technology to do precisely that.The Second Industrial Revolution begins by outlining the need for dramatic business change, and demonstrating how Internet technologies are ideally suited to support managers as they make these changes. Learn how to do business on the Internet, securely and profitably -- and how to use today's intranet technologies to dramatically improve the way your organization communicates internally. Walk through case studies to see how businesses are using Internet technology to reinvent themselves right now. Consider today's Internet technology landscape, the strategies of leading players in this market, and the likely evolution of the Internet. Finally, learn how to initiate the cultural changes your organization will need to succeed with Internet technologies -- and how to see those changes through.All managers, in both the private and public sector.

Author : Shoshana Zuboff
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 658 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781610395700

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The Age of Surveillance Capitalism by Shoshana Zuboff Pdf

The challenges to humanity posed by the digital future, the first detailed examination of the unprecedented form of power called "surveillance capitalism," and the quest by powerful corporations to predict and control our behavior. In this masterwork of original thinking and research, Shoshana Zuboff provides startling insights into the phenomenon that she has named surveillance capitalism. The stakes could not be higher: a global architecture of behavior modification threatens human nature in the twenty-first century just as industrial capitalism disfigured the natural world in the twentieth. Zuboff vividly brings to life the consequences as surveillance capitalism advances from Silicon Valley into every economic sector. Vast wealth and power are accumulated in ominous new "behavioral futures markets," where predictions about our behavior are bought and sold, and the production of goods and services is subordinated to a new "means of behavioral modification." The threat has shifted from a totalitarian Big Brother state to a ubiquitous digital architecture: a "Big Other" operating in the interests of surveillance capital. Here is the crucible of an unprecedented form of power marked by extreme concentrations of knowledge and free from democratic oversight. Zuboff's comprehensive and moving analysis lays bare the threats to twenty-first century society: a controlled "hive" of total connection that seduces with promises of total certainty for maximum profit -- at the expense of democracy, freedom, and our human future. With little resistance from law or society, surveillance capitalism is on the verge of dominating the social order and shaping the digital future -- if we let it.

Author : Robert W. Kolb
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : IND:30000123232583

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Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society by Robert W. Kolb Pdf

The five volumes of this ultimate resource recognize the inherent unity between business ethics and business and society, that stems from their shared primary concern with value in commerce. This Encyclopedia spans the relationships among business, ethics, and society by including more than 800 entries that feature broad coverage of corporate social responsibility, the obligation of companies to various stakeholder groups, the contribution of business to society and culture, and the relationship between organizations and the quality of the environment.

Author : Megan Sapnar Ankerson
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781479872725

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Dot-Com Design by Megan Sapnar Ankerson Pdf

From dial-up to wi-fi, an engaging cultural history of the commercial web industry In the 1990s, the World Wide Web helped transform the Internet from the domain of computer scientists to a playground for mass audiences. As URLs leapt off computer screens and onto cereal boxes, billboards, and film trailers, the web changed the way many Americans experienced media, socialized, and interacted with brands. Businesses rushed online to set up corporate "home pages" and as a result, a new cultural industry was born: web design. For today's internet users who are more familiar sharing social media posts than collecting hotlists of cool sites, the early web may seem primitive, clunky, and graphically inferior. After the dot-com bubble burst in 2000, this pre-crash era was dubbed "Web 1.0," a retronym meant to distinguish the early web from the social, user-centered, and participatory values that were embodied in the internet industry's resurgence as "Web 2.0" in the 21st century. Tracking shifts in the rules of "good web design," Ankerson reimagines speculation and design as a series of contests and collaborations to conceive the boundaries of a new digitally networked future. What was it like to go online and "surf the Web" in the 1990s? How and why did the look and feel of the web change over time? How do new design paradigms like user-experience design (UX) gain traction? Bringing together media studies, internet studies, and design theory, Dot-com Design traces the shifts in, and struggles over, the web's production, aesthetics, and design to provide a comprehensive look at the evolution of the web industry and into the vast internet we browse today.

Author : Tim Wu
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780804170048

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The Attention Merchants by Tim Wu Pdf

From the author of the award-winning The Master Switch, who coined the term "net neutrality”—a revelatory, ambitious and urgent account of how the capture and re-sale of human attention became the defining industry of our time. "Dazzling." —Financial Times Ours is often called an information economy, but at a moment when access to information is virtually unlimited, our attention has become the ultimate commodity. In nearly every moment of our waking lives, we face a barrage of efforts to harvest our attention. This condition is not simply the byproduct of recent technological innovations but the result of more than a century's growth and expansion in the industries that feed on human attention. Wu’s narrative begins in the nineteenth century, when Benjamin Day discovered he could get rich selling newspapers for a penny. Since then, every new medium—from radio to television to Internet companies such as Google and Facebook—has attained commercial viability and immense riches by turning itself into an advertising platform. Since the early days, the basic business model of “attention merchants” has never changed: free diversion in exchange for a moment of your time, sold in turn to the highest-bidding advertiser. Full of lively, unexpected storytelling and piercing insight, The Attention Merchants lays bare the true nature of a ubiquitous reality we can no longer afford to accept at face value.

Author : Raymond R. Panko
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0130821829

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Business Data Communications and Networking by Raymond R. Panko Pdf

Using a unique modular approach, this comprehensive book introduces the key topics and issues essential to networking professionals. Its modular design is presented in two parts, which consists of eight core chapters followed by eight coordinated resource modules. The website has additional supplemental material. This modular design allows teachers to focus on topics they consider important without having to assemble outside readings.