How To Build Cash Management Capacity In Fragile States And Low Income Developing Countries

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How to Build Cash Management Capacity in Fragile States and Low-Income Developing Countries

Author : Sailendra Pattanayak,Racheeda Boukezia,Yasemin Hurcan,Ramon Hurtado
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781557754431

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How to Build Cash Management Capacity in Fragile States and Low-Income Developing Countries by Sailendra Pattanayak,Racheeda Boukezia,Yasemin Hurcan,Ramon Hurtado Pdf

Fiscal institutional capacity in most fragile states (FS) and several low-income developing countries (LIDCs) is much lower than in other countries. Governments in these countries face several cash management challenges because they often lack credible budgets, have smaller and less diversified revenue bases, have limited access to financial markets, and rely largely on donors to fund a large portion of their budgets. Available public funds in these countries often remain dispersed outside the control of the ministry of finance. In the absence of a good cash forecasting function, these countries typically resort to cash rationing to meet their priority spending needs, often in an ad hoc manner, which can adversely affect budget execution and achievement of fiscal policy targets. This note sets out the key objectives and building blocks of a cash management function in FS and LIDCs. It suggests several measures to progressively build cash management capacity in three interrelated areas: consolidating cash resources, forecasting cash flows, and managing cash balances with sound institutional setups.

Macroeconomic Developments and Prospects in Low-Income Countries - 2022

Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department,International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-12-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400227813

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Macroeconomic Developments and Prospects in Low-Income Countries - 2022 by International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department,International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department Pdf

Russia’s war in Ukraine and the related fallout have created a challenging external environment for the post-pandemic recovery of low-income countries (LICs). Food and commodity prices linger at elevated level with worsening food security. Global financial conditions tighten as major economies are fighting against inflation. The delay in LICs’ income per capita convergence to that of advanced economies (AEs) is expected to last into the medium term.

International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2016 Financial Statements

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475522631

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International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2016 Financial Statements by International Monetary Fund Pdf

This paper outlines that the IMF is exposed to various types of operational and financial risks, including credit, market, liquidity, and income risks. The Executive Board of the IMF has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the IMF’s risk management framework. The risk management framework encompasses primarily strategic, financial, and operational risks. As part of this framework, the Advisory Committee on Risk Management (ACRM) has been established to analyze, synthesize, and report on risks. Credit risk on credit outstanding refers to potential losses owing to the failure of member countries to make repurchases. Credit risk is inherent in the IMF's unique role in the international monetary system since the IMF has limited ability to diversify its loan portfolio and generally provides financing when other sources are not available to a member. Measures to help mitigate the IMF's credit risk include policies on access limits, program design, monitoring, and economic policies that members agree to follow as a condition for IMF financing; early repurchase policies; and preventative, precautionary, remedial measures and precautionary balances to cope with the financial consequences of protracted arrears.

World Bank Group Assistance to Low-Income Fragile and Conflict-Affected States

Author : The World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-05-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464802195

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World Bank Group Assistance to Low-Income Fragile and Conflict-Affected States by The World Bank Pdf

Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) have become an important focus of World Bank Group assistance in recent years as recognition of the linkages between fragility, conflict, violence, and poverty has grown. Addressing issues of recurring conflict and political violence and helping build legitimate and accountable state institutions are central to the Bank Group's poverty reduction mission. This evaluation assesses the relevance and effectiveness of World Bank Group country strategies and assistance programs to FCS. The operationalization of the World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development (2011 WDR) is also assessed, to see how the framework has been reflected in subsequent analytical work, country assistance strategies, and the assistance programs. The evaluation framework was derived from the concepts and priorities articulated in recent WDRs, policy papers, and progress reports issued by Bank Group management, to draw lessons from FCS. The framework is organized around the three major themes emerging from the 2011 WDR: building state capacity, building capacity of citizens, and promoting inclusive growth and jobs. The evaluation focuses on International Development Association (IDA)-only countries, which are deemed to have certain characteristics such as very low average income and no access to private finance, making them eligible for special finance tools and programs. As the benchmark for measuring results, Bank Group performance is evaluated in 33 fragile and conflict-affected states against that of 31 IDA-only countries that have never been on the FCS list. Six new country case studies; analyses of Bank Group portfolios; human resources and budget data; secondary analysis of IEG evaluations; background studies including those on aid flows, gender, private sector development, and jobs; and surveys of Bank Group staffs and stakeholders are also included in the evaluation.

Evolving Monetary Policy Frameworks in Low-Income and Other Developing Countries

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498344067

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Evolving Monetary Policy Frameworks in Low-Income and Other Developing Countries by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Over the past two decades, many low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) have improved control over fiscal policy, liberalized and deepened financial markets, and stabilized inflation at moderate levels. Monetary policy frameworks that have helped achieve these ends are being challenged by continued financial development and increased exposure to global capital markets. Many policymakers aspire to move beyond the basics of stability to implement monetary policy frameworks that better anchor inflation and promote macroeconomic stability and growth. Many of these LLMICs are thus considering and implementing improvements to their monetary policy frameworks. The recent successes of some LLMICs and the experiences of emerging and advanced economies, both early in their policy modernization process and following the global financial crisis, are valuable in identifying desirable features of such frameworks. This paper draws on those lessons to provide guidance on key elements of effective monetary policy frameworks for LLMICs.

Macroeconomic Developments in Low-Income Developing Countries

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-09-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498342759

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Macroeconomic Developments in Low-Income Developing Countries by International Monetary Fund Pdf

This report examines macroeconomic developments and related vulnerabilities in low-income developing countries (LIDCs)—a group of 60 countries that have markedly different economic features to higher income countries and are eligible for concessional financing from both the IMF and the World Bank. Collectively, they account for about one-fifth of the world’s Population.

International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2021

Author : International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513568812

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International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2021 by International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department Pdf

A recovery is underway, but the economic fallout from the global pandemic could be with us for years to come. With the crisis exacerbating prepandemic vulnerabilities, country prospects are diverging. Nearly half of emerging market and developing economies and some middle-income countries are now at risk of falling further behind, undoing much of the progress made toward achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2019 Financial Statements

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513511726

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International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2019 Financial Statements by International Monetary Fund Pdf

The audited consolidated financial statements of the International Monetary Fund as of April 30, 2019 and 2018

Trends and Challenges in Infrastructure Investment in Low-Income Developing Countries

Author : Daniel Gurara,Mr.Vladimir Klyuev,MissNkunde Mwase,Andrea Presbitero,Xin Cindy Xu,Mr.Geoffrey J Bannister
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484324837

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Trends and Challenges in Infrastructure Investment in Low-Income Developing Countries by Daniel Gurara,Mr.Vladimir Klyuev,MissNkunde Mwase,Andrea Presbitero,Xin Cindy Xu,Mr.Geoffrey J Bannister Pdf

This paper examines trends in infrastructure investment and its financing in low-income developing countries (LIDCs). Following an acceleration of public investment over the last 15 years, the stock of infrastructure assets increased in LIDCs, even though large gaps remain compared to emerging markets. Infrastructure in LIDCs is largely provided by the public sector; private participation is mostly channeled through Public-Private Partnerships. Grants and concessional loans are an essential source of infrastructure funding in LIDCs, while the complementary role of bank lending is still limited to a few countries. Bridging infrastructure gaps would require a broad set of actions to improve the efficiency of public spending, mobilize domestic resources and support from development partners, and crowd in the private sector.

Oil to Cash

Author : Todd Moss,Caroline Lambert,Stephanie Majerowicz
Publisher : CGD Books
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781933286693

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Oil to Cash by Todd Moss,Caroline Lambert,Stephanie Majerowicz Pdf

Oil to Cash explores one option to help countries with new oil revenue avoid the so-called resource curse: just give the money directly to citizens. A universal, transparent, and regular cash transfer would not only provide a concrete benefit to regular people, but would also create powerful incentives for citizens to hold their government accountable. Oil to Cash details how and where this idea could work and how policymakers can learn from the experiences with cash transfers in places like Mexico, Mongolia, and Alaska.

Private Finance for Development

Author : Hilary Devine,Adrian Peralta-Alva,Hoda Selim,Luc Eyraud,Preya Sharma,Ludger Wocken
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513571560

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Private Finance for Development by Hilary Devine,Adrian Peralta-Alva,Hoda Selim,Luc Eyraud,Preya Sharma,Ludger Wocken Pdf

The Covid-19 pandemic has aggravated the tension between large development needs in infrastructure and scarce public resources. To alleviate this tension and promote a strong and job-rich recovery from the crisis, Africa needs to mobilize more financing from and to the private sector.

How to Design Tax Policy in Fragile States

Author : Mario Mansour,Mr.Jean-Luc Schneider
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513508153

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How to Design Tax Policy in Fragile States by Mario Mansour,Mr.Jean-Luc Schneider Pdf

The purpose of this note is to provide a framework for improving tax policy design in fragile and conflict-affected states, which face political and institutional constraints. This note begins with an overview of experiences in revenue mobilization in fragile states, including relative to other country groups—in particular, nonfragile states and formerly fragile states; that is, countries that exited fragility during the period under study. A discussion follows of how the principles of tax policy design should be applied in fragile states, particularly the relative importance of the revenue objective vis-à-vis other objectives, such as equity and efficiency. The two sections that follow provide guidance on tax policy design in the emergency and consolidation phases, respectively, and discuss how governments can use tax policy to transition from one phase to another, eventually overcoming fragility. The note concludes with key lessons and a set of guiding principles for tax reform in fragile states.

PEFA, Public Financial Management, and Good Governance

Author : Jens Kromann Kristensen,Martin Bowen,Cathal Long,Shakira Mustapha,Urška Zrinski
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464814662

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PEFA, Public Financial Management, and Good Governance by Jens Kromann Kristensen,Martin Bowen,Cathal Long,Shakira Mustapha,Urška Zrinski Pdf

This project, based on the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) data set, researched how PEFA can be used to shape policy development in public financial management (PFM) and other major relevant policy areas such as anticorruption, revenue mobilization, political economy analysis, and fragile states. The report explores what shapes the PFM system in low- and middle-income countries by examining the relationship between political institutions and the quality of the PFM system. Although the report finds some evidence that multiple political parties in control of the legislature is associated with better PFM performance, the report finds the need to further refine and test the theories on the relationship between political institutions and PFM. The report addresses the question of the outcomes of PFM systems, distinguishing between fragile and nonfragile states. It finds that better PFM performance is associated with more reliable budgets in terms of expenditure composition in fragile states, but not aggregate budget credibility. Moreover, in contrast to existing studies, it finds no evidence that PFM quality matters for deficit and debt ratios, irrespective of whether a country is fragile or not. The report also explores the relationship between perceptions of corruption and PFM performance. It finds strong evidence of a relationship between better PFM performance and improvements in perceptions of corruption. It also finds that PFM reforms associated with better controls have a stronger relationship with improvements in perceptions of corruption compared to PFM reforms associated with more transparency. The last chapter looks at the relationship between PEFA indicators for revenue administration and domestic resource mobilization. It focuses on the credible use of penalties for noncompliance as a proxy for the type of political commitment required to improve tax performance. The analysis shows that countries that credibly enforce penalties for noncompliance collect more taxes on average.

Global Monitoring Report, 2007

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2007-04-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 082136975X

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Global Monitoring Report, 2007 by International Monetary Fund Pdf

The 2007 Global Monitoring Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) assesses the contributions of developing countries, developed countries, and international financial institutions toward meeting universally agreed development commitments. Fourth in a series of annual reports leading up to 2015, this year's report reviews key developments of the past year, emerging priorities, and provides a detailed region-by-region picture of performance in the developing regions of the world, drawing on indicators for poverty, education, gender equality, health, and other goals. Subtitled "Confronting the Challenges of Gender Equality and Fragile States", this year's report highlights two key thematic areas-gender equality and empowerment of women (the third MDG) and the special problems of fragile states, where extreme poverty is increasingly concentrated. The report, which is jointly issued by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, argues that gender equality and the empowerment of women are central to the development agenda. This is because gender equality makes good economic sense and because it helps advance the other development goals-including education, nutrition, and reducing child mortality. Rapid progress has been made in some areas, such as achieving educational parity for girls in primary and secondary school in most countries. But in many other dimensions-including political representation and participation in nonagricultural employment-performance still falls short. Better monitoring and efforts at mainstreaming gender equality requires realistic goals, strong leadership, technical expertise, and financing.

IMF Financial Operations 2018

Author : International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484348802

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IMF Financial Operations 2018 by International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. Pdf

IMF Financial Operations 2018 provides a broad introduction to how the IMF fulfills its mission through its financial activities. It covers the financial structure and operations of the IMF and provides background detail on the financial statements. It reviews the IMF's three main activities: lending, surveillance, and technical assistance.