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Author : Jean Baratgin
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031552458
Author : Jean Baratgin,Baptiste Jacquet,Hiroshi Yama
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2024-04-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 303155244X
This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Human and Artificial Rationalities, HAR 2023, which took place in Paris, France, in September 2023. The 18 full and 5 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Human and artificial thinking; human thinking and reasoning; neuropsychology and interaction; artificial agents and interaction; and applied reasoning. This volume also contains 2 invited talks in full-paper length.
Author : Nick Chater,Mike Oaksford
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2004-08-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135471750
The essays in this work focus on problems with logic-based approaches to human reasoning, showing how a probablistic approach can provide a more psychologically plausible, computationally viable and philosophically respectable account of human
Author : Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2007-02-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198524496
For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.
Author : Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 879 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262045070
The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience. The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.
Author : K. Korta,E. Sosa,X. Arrazola
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401710701
As usual, the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Cognitive Science include leading-edge work by outstanding researchers in the field. This volume contains three kinds of papers corresponding to three of the main disciplines in cognitive science: philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The title - Cognition, Agency and Rationality - captures the main issues addressed by the papers. Of course, all are concerned with cognition, but some are especially centred on the very concept of rationality, while others focus on (multiple) agency. The diversity of their disciplinary origins and standpoints not only reflects the main topics and the range of different positions presented at ICCS-97, as well as demonstrating the richness, fruitfulness and diversity of research in cognitive science today.
Author : Renee Elio
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2002-02-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198033684
As the eleventh volume in the New Directions in Cognitive Science series (formerly the Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science series), this work promises superb scholarship and interdisciplinary appeal. It addresses three areas of current and varied interest: common sense, reasoning, and rationality. While common sense and rationality often have been viewed as two distinct features in a unified cognitive map, this volume offers novel, even paradoxical, views of the relationship. Comprised of outstanding essays from distinguished philosophers, it considers what constitutes human rationality, behavior, and intelligence covering diverse areas of philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, and computer science. Indeed, it is at the forefront of cognitive research and promises to be of unprecedented influence across numerous disciplines.
Author : Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0863775349
This book brings together an influential sequence of papers that argue for a radical re-conceptualisation of the psychology of inference, and of cognitive science more generally. The papers demonstrate that the thesis that logic provides the basis of human inference is central to much cognitive science, although the commitment to this view is often implicit. They then note that almost all human inference is uncertain, whereas logic is the calculus of certain inference. This mismatch means that logic is not the appropriate model for human thought. Oaksford and Chater's argument draws on research in computer science, artificial intelligence and philosophy of science, in addition to experimental psychology. The authors propose that probability theory, the calculus of uncertain inference, provides a more appropriate model for human thought. They show how a probabilistic account can provide detailed explanations of experimental data on Wason's selection task, which many have viewed as providing a paradigmatic demonstration of human irrationality. Oaksford and Chater show that people's behaviour appears irrational only from a logical point of view, whereas it is entirely rational from a probabilistic perspective. The shift to a probabilistic framework for human inference has significant implications for the psychology of reasoning, cognitive science more generally, and forour picture of ourselves as rational agents.
Author : Boris D. Grozdanoff,Zdravko Popov,Silviya Serafimova
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : 1527594416
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the most disruptive technological field today as it transforms virtually all spheres of life of the modern society, from healthcare, finance, security and defense to autonomous vehicles, social regulation, drug discovery, code development and cutting-edge research on general human-like intelligence. This volume explores topics such as the problems of ethical AI and the prospects of technology reaching human-like intelligence. It includes a broad spectrum of approaches to the field which discuss artificial intelligence from the stances of ethics, economics, game theory, defense studies, computer science and philosophy.
Author : Maria Cristina Amoretti,Nicla Vassallo
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110325867
Reason and rationality represent crucial elements of the self-image of human beings and have unquestionably been among the most debated issues in Western philosophy, dating from ancient Greece, through the Middle Ages, and to the present day. Many words and thoughts have already been spent trying to define the nature and standards of reason and rationality, what they could or ought to be, and under what conditions something can be said to be rational. This volume focuses instead on the relationships of reason and rationality to some relevant specific topics, i.e., science, knowledge, gender, politics, ethics, religion, aesthetics, language, logic, and metaphysics, trying to uncover and clarify both the connections and differences in their various characterisations and uses.
Author : Jürgen Schmidhuber,Kristinn R. Thorisson,Moshe Looks
Publisher : Springer
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2011-07-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642228872
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2011, held in Mountain View, CA, USA, in August 2011. The 28 revised full papers and 26 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 103 submissions. The papers are written by leading academic and industry researchers involved in scientific and engineering work and focus on the creation of AI systems possessing general intelligence at the human level and beyond.
Author : Marjorie Mcshane,Sergei Nirenburg
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262362603
A human-inspired, linguistically sophisticated model of language understanding for intelligent agent systems. One of the original goals of artificial intelligence research was to endow intelligent agents with human-level natural language capabilities. Recent AI research, however, has focused on applying statistical and machine learning approaches to big data rather than attempting to model what people do and how they do it. In this book, Marjorie McShane and Sergei Nirenburg return to the original goal of recreating human-level intelligence in a machine. They present a human-inspired, linguistically sophisticated model of language understanding for intelligent agent systems that emphasizes meaning--the deep, context-sensitive meaning that a person derives from spoken or written language.
Author : Tzu-Wei Hung,Timothy Joseph Lane
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128046234
Rationality: Contexts and Constraints is an interdisciplinary reappraisal of the nature of rationality. In method, it is pluralistic, drawing upon the analytic approaches of philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience, and more. These methods guide exploration of the intersection between traditional scholarship and cutting-edge philosophical or scientific research. In this way, the book contributes to development of a suitably revised, comprehensive understanding of rationality, one that befits the 21st century, one that is adequately informed by recent investigations of science, pathology, non-human thought, emotion, and even enigmatic Chinese texts that might previously have seemed to be expressions of irrationalism. Addresses recent challenges and Identifies a direction for future research on rationality Investigates the relationship between rationality and mental disorders, such as delusion and depression Assesses reasoning in artificial intelligence and nonhuman animals Reflects on ancient Chinese Philosophy and possible cultural differences in human psychology Employs philosophical reflection, along with linguistic, probabilistic, and logical techniques
Author : Tshilidzi Marwala
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128209448
Intelligent machines are populating our social, economic and political spaces. These intelligent machines are powered by Artificial Intelligence technologies such as deep learning. They are used in decision making. One element of decision making is the issue of rationality. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) require that decisions that are made by these intelligent machines are explainable. Rational Machines and Artificial Intelligence proposes that explainable decisions are good but the explanation must be rational to prevent these decisions from being challenged. Noted author Tshilidzi Marwala studies the concept of machine rationality and compares this to the rationality bounds prescribed by Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon and rationality bounds derived from the work of Nobel Laureates Richard Thaler and Daniel Kahneman. Rational Machines and Artificial Intelligence describes why machine rationality is flexibly bounded due to advances in technology. This effectively means that optimally designed machines are more rational than human beings. Readers will also learn whether machine rationality can be quantified and identify how this can be achieved. Furthermore, the author discusses whether machine rationality is subjective. Finally, the author examines whether a population of intelligent machines collectively make more rational decisions than individual machines. Examples in biomedical engineering, social sciences and the financial sectors are used to illustrate these concepts. Provides an introduction to the key questions and challenges surrounding Rational Machines, including, When do we rely on decisions made by intelligent machines? What do decisions made by intelligent machines mean? Are these decisions rational or fair? Can we quantify these decisions? and Is rationality subjective? Introduces for the first time the concept of rational opportunity costs and the concept of flexibly bounded rationality as a rationality of intelligent machines and the implications of these issues on the reliability of machine decisions Includes coverage of Rational Counterfactuals, group versus individual rationality, and rational markets Discusses the application of Moore’s Law and advancements in Artificial Intelligence, as well as developments in the area of data acquisition and analysis technologies and how they affect the boundaries of intelligent machine rationality
Author : Matti Häyry
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2010-02-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781139486705
Should we make people healthier, smarter, and longer-lived if genetic and medical advances enable us to do so? Matti Häyry asks this question in the context of genetic testing and selection, cloning and stem cell research, gene therapies and enhancements. The ethical questions explored include parental responsibility, the use of people as means, the role of hope and fear in risk assessment, and the dignity and meaning of life. Taking as a starting point the arguments presented by Jonathan Glover, John Harris, Ronald M. Green, Jürgen Habermas, Michael J. Sandel, and Leon R. Kass, who defend a particular normative view as the only rational or moral answer, Matti Häyry argues that many coherent rationalities and moralities exist in the field, and that to claim otherwise is mistaken.