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This book provides an introduction to hypergraphs, its aim being to overcome the lack of recent manuscripts on this theory. In the literature hypergraphs have many other names such as set systems and families of sets. This work presents the theory of hypergraphs in its most original aspects, while also introducing and assessing the latest concepts on hypergraphs. The variety of topics, their originality and novelty are intended to help readers better understand the hypergraphs in all their diversity in order to perceive their value and power as mathematical tools. This book will be a great asset to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in computer science and mathematics. It has been the subject of an annual Master's course for many years, making it also ideally suited to Master's students in computer science, mathematics, bioinformatics, engineering, chemistry, and many other fields. It will also benefit scientists, engineers and anyone else who wants to understand hypergraphs theory.
Graph Theory has proved to be an extremely useful tool for solving combinatorial problems in such diverse areas as Geometry, Algebra, Number Theory, Topology, Operations Research and Optimization. It is natural to attempt to generalise the concept of a graph, in order to attack additional combinatorial problems. The idea of looking at a family of sets from this standpoint took shape around 1960. In regarding each set as a ``generalised edge'' and in calling the family itself a ``hypergraph'', the initial idea was to try to extend certain classical results of Graph Theory such as the theorems of Turán and König. It was noticed that this generalisation often led to simplification; moreover, one single statement, sometimes remarkably simple, could unify several theorems on graphs. This book presents what seems to be the most significant work on hypergraphs.
Fuzzy Hypergraphs and Related Extensions by Muhammad Akram,Anam Luqman Pdf
This book presents the fundamental and technical concepts of fuzzy hypergraphs and explains their extensions and applications. It discusses applied generalized mathematical models of hypergraphs, including complex, intuitionistic, bipolar, m-polar fuzzy, Pythagorean, complex Pythagorean, and q-rung orthopair hypergraphs, as well as single-valued neutrosophic, complex neutrosophic and bipolar neutrosophic hypergraphs. In addition, the book also sheds light on real-world applications of these hypergraphs, making it a valuable resource for students and researchers in the field of mathematics, as well as computer and social scientists.
Fuzzy Graphs and Fuzzy Hypergraphs by John N. Mordeson,Premchand S. Nair Pdf
In the course of fuzzy technological development, fuzzy graph theory was identified quite early on for its importance in making things work. Two very important and useful concepts are those of granularity and of nonlinear ap proximations. The concept of granularity has evolved as a cornerstone of Lotfi A.Zadeh's theory of perception, while the concept of nonlinear approx imation is the driving force behind the success of the consumer electronics products manufacturing. It is fair to say fuzzy graph theory paved the way for engineers to build many rule-based expert systems. In the open literature, there are many papers written on the subject of fuzzy graph theory. However, there are relatively books available on the very same topic. Professors' Mordeson and Nair have made a real contribution in putting together a very com prehensive book on fuzzy graphs and fuzzy hypergraphs. In particular, the discussion on hypergraphs certainly is an innovative idea. For an experienced engineer who has spent a great deal of time in the lab oratory, it is usually a good idea to revisit the theory. Professors Mordeson and Nair have created such a volume which enables engineers and design ers to benefit from referencing in one place. In addition, this volume is a testament to the numerous contributions Professor John N. Mordeson and his associates have made to the mathematical studies in so many different topics of fuzzy mathematics.
Transversals in Linear Uniform Hypergraphs by Michael A. Henning,Anders Yeo Pdf
This book gives the state-of-the-art on transversals in linear uniform hypergraphs. The notion of transversal is fundamental to hypergraph theory and has been studied extensively. Very few articles have discussed bounds on the transversal number for linear hypergraphs, even though these bounds are integral components in many applications. This book is one of the first to give strong non-trivial bounds on the transversal number for linear hypergraphs. The discussion may lead to further study of those problems which have not been solved completely, and may also inspire the readers to raise new questions and research directions. The book is written with two readerships in mind. The first is the graduate student who may wish to work on open problems in the area or is interested in exploring the field of transversals in hypergraphs. This exposition will go far to familiarize the student with the subject, the research techniques, and the major accomplishments in the field. The photographs included allow the reader to associate faces with several researchers who made important discoveries and contributions to the subject. The second audience is the established researcher in hypergraph theory who will benefit from having easy access to known results and latest developments in the field of transversals in linear hypergraphs.
Certain Networks Models Using Single-valued Neutrosophic Directed Hypergraphs by Muhammad Akram , Anam Luqman Pdf
A directed hypergraph is powerful tool to solve the problems that arises in different fields, including computer networks, social networks and collaboration networks. In this research paper, we apply the concept of single-valued neutrosophic sets to directed hypergraphs.
SINGLE-VALUED NEUTROSOPHIC HYPERGRAPHS by MUHAMMAD AKRAM,SUNDAS SHAHZADI,A.BORUMAND SAEID Pdf
We introduce certain concepts, including single-valued neutrosophic hyper-graph, line graph of single-valued neutrosophic hypergraph, dual single-valued neutrosophic hypergraph and transversal single-valued neutrosophic hypergraph.
Hypergraphs and Designs by Mario Gionfriddo,Lorenzo Milazzo,Vitaly Ivanovich Voloshin Pdf
Combinatorial designs represent an important area of contemporary discrete mathematics closely related to such fields as finite geometries, regular graphs and multigraphs, factorisations of graphs, linear algebra, number theory, finite fields, group and quasigroup theory, Latin squares, and matroids. It has a history of more than 150 years when it started as a collection of unrelated problems. Nowadays the field is a well-developed theory with deep mathematical results and a wide range of applications in coding theory, cryptography, computer science, and other areas. In the most general setting, a combinatorial design consists of a ground set of elements and a collection of subsets of these elements satisfying some specific restrictions; the latter are often expressed in the language of graphs. On the other side, hypergraph theory is a relatively new field which started in early 60s of the last century as a generalization of graph theory. A hypergraph consists of a ground set of elements and a collection of subsets of these elements without any specific restrictions. In this sense the concept of hypergraph is more general than the concept of combinatorial design. While it started as a generalization of graph theory, hypergraph theory soon became a separate subject because many new properties have been discovered that miss or degenerate in graphs. Compared to graph theory, the language of hypergraphs not only allows us to formulate and solve more general problems, it also helps us to understand and solve several graph theory problems by simplifying and unifying many previously unrelated concepts. The main feature of this book is applying the hypergraph approach to the theory of combinatorial designs. An alternative title of it could be "Combinatorial designs as hypergraphs". There is no analogue to this book on the market. Its primary audience is researchers and graduate students taking courses in design theory, combinatorial geometry, finite geometry, discrete mathematics, graph theory, combinatorics, cryptography, information and coding theory, and similar areas. The aim of this book is to show the connection and mutual benefit between hypergraph theory and design theory. It does not intend to give a survey of all important results or methods in any of these subjects.
A Geometric Theory for Hypergraph Matching by Peter Keevash, Richard Mycroft Pdf
The authors develop a theory for the existence of perfect matchings in hypergraphs under quite general conditions. Informally speaking, the obstructions to perfect matchings are geometric, and are of two distinct types: `space barriers' from convex geometry, and `divisibility barriers' from arithmetic lattice-based constructions. To formulate precise results, they introduce the setting of simplicial complexes with minimum degree sequences, which is a generalisation of the usual minimum degree condition. They determine the essentially best possible minimum degree sequence for finding an almost perfect matching. Furthermore, their main result establishes the stability property: under the same degree assumption, if there is no perfect matching then there must be a space or divisibility barrier. This allows the use of the stability method in proving exact results. Besides recovering previous results, the authors apply our theory to the solution of two open problems on hypergraph packings: the minimum degree threshold for packing tetrahedra in -graphs, and Fischer's conjecture on a multipartite form of the Hajnal-Szemerédi Theorem. Here they prove the exact result for tetrahedra and the asymptotic result for Fischer's conjecture; since the exact result for the latter is technical they defer it to a subsequent paper.
Concentric Plithogenic Hypergraph based on Plithogenic Hypersoft sets – A Novel Outlook by Nivetha Martin,Florentin Smarandache Pdf
This research work lays a platform for presenting the concept of concentric plithogenic hypergraph, a graphical representation of plithogenic hypersoft sets. This paper comprises of the definition, classification of concentric plithogenic hypergraphs, extended hypersoft sets, extended concentric plithogenic hypergraphs and it throws light on its application. Concentric Plithogenic hypergraphs will certainly open the new frontiers of hypergraphs and this will undoubtedly bridge hypersoft sets and hypergraphs.
Hypergraph Computation by Qionghai Dai,Yue Gao Pdf
This open access book discusses the theory and methods of hypergraph computation. Many underlying relationships among data can be represented using graphs, for example in the areas including computer vision, molecular chemistry, molecular biology, etc. In the last decade, methods like graph-based learning and neural network methods have been developed to process such data, they are particularly suitable for handling relational learning tasks. In many real-world problems, however, relationships among the objects of our interest are more complex than pair-wise. Naively squeezing the complex relationships into pairwise ones will inevitably lead to loss of information which can be expected valuable for learning tasks. Hypergraph, as a generation of graph, has shown superior performance on modelling complex correlations compared with graph. Recent years have witnessed a great popularity of researches on hypergraph-related AI methods, which have been used in computer vision, social media analysis, etc. We summarize these attempts as a new computing paradigm, called hypergraph computation, which is to formulate the high-order correlations underneath the data using hypergraph, and then conduct semantic computing on the hypergraph for different applications. The content of this book consists of hypergraph computation paradigms, hypergraph modelling, hypergraph structure evolution, hypergraph neural networks, and applications of hypergraph computation in different fields. We further summarize recent achievements and future directions on hypergraph computation in this book.
Combinatorial Optimization by Alexander Schrijver Pdf
From the reviews: "About 30 years ago, when I was a student, the first book on combinatorial optimization came out referred to as "the Lawler" simply. I think that now, with this volume Springer has landed a coup: "The Schrijver". The box is offered for less than 90.- EURO, which to my opinion is one of the best deals after the introduction of this currency." OR-Spectrum