Ideological And Political Bias In Psychology

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Ideological and Political Bias in Psychology

Author : Craig L. Frisby,Richard E. Redding,William T. O'Donohue,Scott O. Lilienfeld
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 948 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783031291487

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Ideological and Political Bias in Psychology by Craig L. Frisby,Richard E. Redding,William T. O'Donohue,Scott O. Lilienfeld Pdf

This book examines the traditional assumptions made by academics and professionals alike that have embedded sociopolitical biases that impede practice. and undermine efforts to achieve an objective scientific status. If allowed to go unchallenged, the credibility of psychology as a discipline is compromised. This contributed volume thoroughly and comprehensively examines this concern in a conceptually and empirically rigorous manner and offers constructive solutions for minimizing undue political influences within the field of psychology. Societies in the 21st century desperately need reliable psychological science, but we don’t have it. This important volume explains one of the main reasons why we are making little progress on any issue that gets contaminated by the left-right culture war: because the field of psychology is an enthusiastic member of one of the two teams, so it rejects findings and researchers who question its ideological commitments. The authors of this engaging volume also show us the way out. They diagnose the social dynamics of bias and point to reforms that would give us the psychology that we need to address 21st century problems. Jonathan Haidt, Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, NYU—Stern School of Business and author of The Righteous Mind The boundaries of free speech, censorship, moral cultures, social justice, and ideological biases are among the many incendiary topics discussed in this book. If you are looking for a deep-dive into real-world contemporary controversies, Ideological and Political Bias in Psychology fits the bill. The chapters are thoughtful and thought-provoking. Most readers will find something to agree with and something to rage at in almost every chapter. It just may change how you think about some of these topics. Diane F. Halpern, Professor of Psychology Emerita, Claremont McKenna College and Past President, American Psychological Association Unless the political left is always correct about everything (in which case, we wouldn’t need to do research; we could just ask a leftist), the growing political monoculture of social science is a major barrier to our search for the truth. This volume shows how ideological bias should be treated as a source of research error, up there with classic methodological flaws like non-random assignment and non-blind measurement. Steven Pinker, Johnstone Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and the author of Rationality An important read for academics curious about how their politics fashions beliefs that too often are uncritically taken for granted, and for non-academics wondering why we can't shake off the politics that so influences scientific work. Vernon Smith, Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences and George L. Argyros Chair in Finance and Economics, Chapman University Advances and deepens empirically rigorous scholarship into biased political influences affecting academic and professional psychology. Offers constructive solutions for minimizing undue political influences within psychology and moving the field forward. Serves as a resource for psychological academicians, researchers, practitioners, and consultants seeking to restore the principles of accurate science and effective practice to their respective areas of research.

Social Psychology of Political Polarization

Author : Piercarlo Valdesolo,Jesse Graham
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-05
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317288855

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Social Psychology of Political Polarization by Piercarlo Valdesolo,Jesse Graham Pdf

The 21st-century political landscape has been defined by deep ideological polarization, and as a result scientific inquiry into the psychological mechanisms underlying this divide has taken on increased relevance. The topic is by no means new to social psychology. Classic literature on intergroup conflict shows how pervasive and intractable these group conflicts can be, how readily they can emerge from even minimal group identities, and the hedonic rewards reaped from adopting an "us vs. them" perspective. Indeed, this literature paints a bleak picture for the efficacy of any interventions geared toward reducing intergroup discord. But advances in the psychology of moral judgments and behavior, in particular greater understanding of how moral concerns might inform the creation and stability of political identities, offer new ways forward in understanding partisan divides. This volume brings together leading researchers in moral and political psychology, offering new perspectives on the moral roots of political ideology, and exciting new opportunities for the development of more effective applied interventions.

Politics of Social Psychology

Author : Jarret T. Crawford,Lee Jussim
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351622554

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Politics of Social Psychology by Jarret T. Crawford,Lee Jussim Pdf

Social scientists have long known that political beliefs bias the way they think about, understand, and interpret the world around them. In this volume, scholars from social psychology and related fields explore the ways in which social scientists themselves have allowed their own political biases to influence their research. These biases may influence the development of research hypotheses, the design of studies and methods and materials chosen to test hypotheses, decisions to publish or not publish results based on their consistency with one’s prior political beliefs, and how results are described and dissemination to the popular press. The fact that these processes occur within academic disciplines, such as social psychology, that strongly skew to the political left compounds the problem. Contributors to this volume not only identify and document the ways that social psychologists’ political beliefs can and have influenced research, but also offer solutions towards a more depoliticized social psychology that can become a model for discourse across the social sciences.

Ideology, Psychology, and Law

Author : Jon Hanson,John Jost
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 817 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-01-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 0199737517

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Ideology, Psychology, and Law by Jon Hanson,John Jost Pdf

Features the groundbreaking law-related research of political psychologists. Includes leading legal scholars' commentary and analysis of political psychologists' work. The first book to bring together experts to discuss the interaction between psychology, ideology, and law.

The Bias That Divides Us

Author : Keith E. Stanovich
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262045759

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The Bias That Divides Us by Keith E. Stanovich Pdf

Why we don't live in a post-truth society but rather a myside society: what science tells us about the bias that poisons our politics. In The Bias That Divides Us, psychologist Keith Stanovich argues provocatively that we don't live in a post-truth society, as has been claimed, but rather a myside society. Our problem is not that we are unable to value and respect truth and facts, but that we are unable to agree on commonly accepted truth and facts. We believe that our side knows the truth. Post-truth? That describes the other side. The inevitable result is political polarization. Stanovich shows what science can tell us about myside bias: how common it is, how to avoid it, and what purposes it serves. Stanovich explains that although myside bias is ubiquitous, it is an outlier among cognitive biases. It is unpredictable. Intelligence does not inoculate against it, and myside bias in one domain is not a good indicator of bias shown in any other domain. Stanovich argues that because of its outlier status, myside bias creates a true blind spot among the cognitive elite--those who are high in intelligence, executive functioning, or other valued psychological dispositions. They may consider themselves unbiased and purely rational in their thinking, but in fact they are just as biased as everyone else. Stanovich investigates how this bias blind spot contributes to our current ideologically polarized politics, connecting it to another recent trend: the decline of trust in university research as a disinterested arbiter.

Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification

Author : John T. Jost,Aaron C. Kay,Hulda Thorisdottir
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2009-03-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0199717605

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Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification by John T. Jost,Aaron C. Kay,Hulda Thorisdottir Pdf

This new volume on Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification brings together several of the most prominent social and political psychologists who are responsible for the resurgence of interest in the study of ideology, broadly defined. Leading scientists and scholars from several related disciplines, including psychology, sociology, political science, law, and organizational behavior present their cutting-edge theorizing and research. Topics include the social, personality, cognitive and motivational antecedents and consequences of adopting liberal versus conservative ideologies, the social and psychological functions served by political and religious ideologies, and the myriad ways in which people defend, bolster, and justify the social systems they inhabit. This book is the first of its kind, bringing together formerly independent lines of research on ideology and system justification.

Open versus Closed

Author : Christopher D. Johnston,Howard G. Lavine,Christopher M. Federico
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107120464

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Open versus Closed by Christopher D. Johnston,Howard G. Lavine,Christopher M. Federico Pdf

This book explains how deep-seated personality traits shape citizens' attitudes toward economic redistribution, and what it means for American democracy. It will be of interest to researchers from across the social sciences, as well as citizens, pundits, political observers, and commentators from across the political spectrum.

Political Psychology

Author : John T. Jost,Jim Sidanius
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1841690694

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Political Psychology by John T. Jost,Jim Sidanius Pdf

First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Sex Differences

Author : Lee Ellis,Scott Hershberger,Evelyn Field,Scott Wersinger,Sergio Pellis,David Geary,Craig Palmer,Katherine Hoyenga,Amir Hetsroni,Kazmer Karadi
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 991 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136874949

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Sex Differences by Lee Ellis,Scott Hershberger,Evelyn Field,Scott Wersinger,Sergio Pellis,David Geary,Craig Palmer,Katherine Hoyenga,Amir Hetsroni,Kazmer Karadi Pdf

This volume is the first to aim at summarizing all of the scientific literature published so far regarding male-female differences and similarities, not only in behavior, but also in basic biology, physiology, health, perceptions, emotions, and attitudes. Results from over 18,000 studies have been condensed into more than 1,900 tables, with each table pertaining to a specific possible sex difference. Even research pertaining to how men and women are perceived (stereotyped) as being different is covered. Throughout this book's eleven years in preparation, no exclusions were made in terms of subject areas, cultures, time periods, or even species. The book is accompanied by downloadable resources containing all 18,000+ references cited in the book. Sex Differences is a monumental resource for any researcher, student, or professional who requires an assessment of the weight of evidence that currently exists regarding any sex difference of interest. It is also suitable as a text in graduate courses pertaining to gender or human sexuality.

The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology

Author : Leonie Huddy,David O. Sears,Jack S. Levy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 836 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2003-07-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0199729344

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The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology by Leonie Huddy,David O. Sears,Jack S. Levy Pdf

Political psychology applies what is known about human psychology to the study of politics. It examines how people reach political decisions on topics such as voting, party identification, and political attitudes as well as how leaders mediate political conflicts and make foreign policy decisions. The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology gathers together a distinguished group of scholars from around the world to shed light on these vital questions. Focusing first on political psychology at the individual level (attitudes, values, decision-making, ideology, personality) and then moving to the collective (group identity, mass mobilization, political violence), this fully interdisciplinary volume covers models of the mass public and political elites and addresses both domestic issues and foreign policy. Now with new material providing an up-to-date account of cutting-edge research within both psychology and political science, this is an essential reference for scholars and students interested in the intersection of the two fields.

The Bias of Temperament in American Politics

Author : William P. Kreml
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Political psychology
ISBN : 1611635446

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The Bias of Temperament in American Politics by William P. Kreml Pdf

Beginning with The Anti-Authoritarian Personality, published in 1977, Prof. William P. Kreml has sought to construct an original political philosophy based upon psychological--or subjective--variables rather than the traditional objective variables of race, gender, social and economic standing, and the like. Kreml contends that "for every objectivity there is a subjectivity," meaning that a cross-weave of psychological variables play an important role in everything from personal ideology to the cognitive biases that underlie the structures of the American government. This book builds upon earlier writings and suggests that a great deal of the functional difficulty that the American government faces, as well as the inequity of the American political and legal systems, originates from psychological biases in favor of the extrovert over the introvert personality type and the analytic over the synthetic cognitive preference as it is found in different personalities. Kreml suggests constitutional and sub-constitutional remedies for these biases. "The necessary theoretical cross-weave" -- J. David Gillespie "Now in an updated and expanded second edition, The Bias of Temperament in American Politics is as informed and informative as it is thoughtful and thought-provoking. Exceptionally well written, organized and presented, The Bias of Temperament in American Politics is a strongly recommended addition to academic library Political Science reference collections and supplemental studies reading lists." -- Jack Mason, Reviewer's Bookwatch (The Midwest Book Review)

Tax Revolt

Author : David O. Sears,Jack Citrin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0674868358

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Tax Revolt by David O. Sears,Jack Citrin Pdf

A tax revolt almost as momentous as the Boston Tea Party erupted in California in 1978. Its reverberations are still being felt, yet no one is quite sure what general lessons can be drawn from observing its course. this book is an in-depth study of this most recent and notable taxpayer's rebellion: Howard Jarvis and Proposition 13, the Gann measure of 1979, and Proposition (Jarvis II) of 1980.

The Bias of Temperament in American Politics

Author : William Kreml
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1611638941

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The Bias of Temperament in American Politics by William Kreml Pdf

The 2016 paperback printing, seen here, is a reprint of the 2014 second edition, originally printed in hardback. Beginning with The Anti-Authoritarian Personality, published in 1977, Prof. William P. Kreml has sought to construct an original political philosophy based upon psychological--or subjective--variables rather than the traditional objective variables of race, gender, social and economic standing, and the like. Kreml contends that "for every objectivity there is a subjectivity," meaning that a cross-weave of psychological variables play an important role in everything from personal ideology to the cognitive biases that underlie the structures of the American government. This book builds upon earlier writings and suggests that a great deal of the functional difficulty that the American government faces, as well as the inequity of the American political and legal systems, originates from psychological biases in favor of the extrovert over the introvert personality type and the analytic over the synthetic cognitive preference as it is found in different personalities. Kreml suggests constitutional and sub-constitutional remedies for these biases. "The necessary theoretical cross-weave" -- J. David Gillespie "Now in an updated and expanded second edition, The Bias of Temperament in American Politics is as informed and informative as it is thoughtful and thought-provoking. Exceptionally well written, organized and presented, The Bias of Temperament in American Politics is a strongly recommended addition to academic library Political Science reference collections and supplemental studies reading lists." -- Jack Mason, Reviewer's Bookwatch (The Midwest Book Review)

Neither Liberal nor Conservative

Author : Donald R. Kinder,Nathan P. Kalmoe
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-05-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226452593

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Neither Liberal nor Conservative by Donald R. Kinder,Nathan P. Kalmoe Pdf

Congress is crippled by ideological conflict. The political parties are more polarized today than at any time since the Civil War. Americans disagree, fiercely, about just about everything, from terrorism and national security, to taxes and government spending, to immigration and gay marriage. Well, American elites disagree fiercely. But average Americans do not. This, at least, was the position staked out by Philip Converse in his famous essay on belief systems, which drew on surveys carried out during the Eisenhower Era to conclude that most Americans were innocent of ideology. In Neither Liberal nor Conservative, Donald Kinder and Nathan Kalmoe argue that ideological innocence applies nearly as well to the current state of American public opinion. Real liberals and real conservatives are found in impressive numbers only among those who are deeply engaged in political life. The ideological battles between American political elites show up as scattered skirmishes in the general public, if they show up at all. If ideology is out of reach for all but a few who are deeply and seriously engaged in political life, how do Americans decide whom to elect president; whether affirmative action is good or bad? Kinder and Kalmoe offer a persuasive group-centered answer. Political preferences arise less from ideological differences than from the attachments and antagonisms of group life.

The Psychology of Fake News

Author : Rainer Greifeneder,Mariela Jaffe,Eryn Newman,Norbert Schwarz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781000179057

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The Psychology of Fake News by Rainer Greifeneder,Mariela Jaffe,Eryn Newman,Norbert Schwarz Pdf

This volume examines the phenomenon of fake news by bringing together leading experts from different fields within psychology and related areas, and explores what has become a prominent feature of public discourse since the first Brexit referendum and the 2016 US election campaign. Dealing with misinformation is important in many areas of daily life, including politics, the marketplace, health communication, journalism, education, and science. In a general climate where facts and misinformation blur, and are intentionally blurred, this book asks what determines whether people accept and share (mis)information, and what can be done to counter misinformation? All three of these aspects need to be understood in the context of online social networks, which have fundamentally changed the way information is produced, consumed, and transmitted. The contributions within this volume summarize the most up-to-date empirical findings, theories, and applications and discuss cutting-edge ideas and future directions of interventions to counter fake news. Also providing guidance on how to handle misinformation in an age of “alternative facts”, this is a fascinating and vital reading for students and academics in psychology, communication, and political science and for professionals including policy makers and journalists.