Immunization In Developing Countries

Author : Robert Black,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Marleen Temmerman,Neff Walker
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464803680

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by Robert Black,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Marleen Temmerman,Neff Walker Pdf

The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Author : Varun Gauri,Peyvand Khaleghian
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Immunization in Developing Countries by Varun Gauri,Peyvand Khaleghian Pdf

The authors use cross-national social, political, economic, and institutional data to explain why some countries have stronger immunization programs than others, as measured by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles vaccine coverage rates and the adoption of the hepatitis B vaccine. After reveiwing the existing literature on demand- and supply-side side factors that affect immunization programs, the authors find that the elements that most affect immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries involve broad changes in the global policy environment and contact with international agencies. Democracies tend to have lower coverage rates than autocracies, perhaps because bureaucratic elites have an affinity for immunization programs and are granted more autonomy in autocracies, althought this effect is not visible in low-income countries. The authors also find that the quality of a nation's institutions and its level of development are strongly related to immunization rate coverage and vaccine adoption, and that coverage rates are in general more a function of supply-side than demand effects. there is no evidence that epidemics or polio eradication campaigns affect immunization rates one way or another, or that average immunization rates increase following outbreaks of diphtheria, pertussis, or measles.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010-05-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309156202

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Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan by Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan Pdf

Vaccination is a fundamental component of preventive medicine and public health. The use of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases has resulted in dramatic decreases in disease, disability, and death in the United States and around the world. The current political, economic, and social environment presents both opportunities for and challenges to strengthening the U.S. system for developing, manufacturing, regulating, distributing, funding, and administering safe and effective vaccines for all people. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan examines the extraordinarily complex vaccine enterprise, from research and development of new vaccines to financing and reimbursement of immunization services. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan examines the extraordinarily complex vaccine enterprise, from research and development of new vaccines to financing and reimbursement of immunization services. The book makes recommendations about priority actions in the update to the National Vaccine Plan that are intended to achieve the objectives of disease prevention and enhancement of vaccine safety. It is centered on the plan's five goals in the areas of vaccine development, safety, communication, supply and use, and global health.

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Children
ISBN : UOM:39015049703658

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Global Health by United States. General Accounting Office Pdf

Author : Canada. Comité consultatif national de l'immunisation,Canada. National Advisory Committee on Immunization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Immunization
ISBN : 0660193922

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Canadian Immunization Guide by Canada. Comité consultatif national de l'immunisation,Canada. National Advisory Committee on Immunization Pdf

The seventh edition of the Canadian Immunization Guide was developed by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), with the support ofthe Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, to provide updated information and recommendations on the use of vaccines in Canada. The Public Health Agency of Canada conducted a survey in 2004, which confi rmed that the Canadian Immunization Guide is a very useful and reliable resource of information on immunization.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Children's Vaccine Initiative: Planning Alternative Strategies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309049405

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The Children's Vaccine Initiative by Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Children's Vaccine Initiative: Planning Alternative Strategies Pdf

The Children's Vaccine Initiative is an international endeavor to ensure that children throughout the world are immunized. This book notes that one of the best opportunities to address the growing problem of immunization in the United States and to improve the health of children in developing countries lies in marshaling the vaccine development and production efforts in the United States and abroad. The book contains information on the nature and status of vaccine development and production efforts in the United States and abroad, and it recommends ways to enhance participation in the International Children's Vaccine Initiative.

Author : A. Mead Over
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Economic development projects
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Cost-effective Integration of Immunization and Basic Health Services in Developing Countries, the Problem of Joint Costs by A. Mead Over Pdf

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Children
ISBN : CORNELL:31924073889648

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Global Health by United States. General Accounting Office Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781428974234

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Global health factors contributing to low vaccination rates in developing countries : report to congressional requesters by Anonim Pdf

Author : Dean T. Jamison,Joel G. Breman,Anthony R. Measham,George Alleyne,Mariam Claeson,David B. Evans,Prabhat Jha,Anne Mills,Philip Musgrove
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 1449 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2006-04-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821361801

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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries by Dean T. Jamison,Joel G. Breman,Anthony R. Measham,George Alleyne,Mariam Claeson,David B. Evans,Prabhat Jha,Anne Mills,Philip Musgrove Pdf

Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241549097

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Immunization in Practice by World Health Organization Pdf

This practical guide contains seven modules targeted at district and health facility staff. It intends to meet the demands to improve immunization services so as to reach more infants in a sustainable way, building upon the experiences of polio eradication. It includes materials adapted from polio on planning, monitoring and use of data to improve the service, that can be used at any level. Revising the manual has been a team exercise. There are contributions from a large number of experts, organizations and institutions. This new edition has seven modules. Several new vaccines that have become more readily available and used in recent years have been added. Also the section on integration with other health interventions has been expanded as exciting opportunities and experiences have become evident in the years following the previous edition. Module 1: Target diseases and vaccines Module 2: The vaccine cold chain Module 3: Ensuring safe injections Module 4: Microplanning for reaching every community Module 5: Managing an immunization session Module 6: Monitoring and surveillance Module 7: Partnering with communities.

Author : U S Government Accountability Office (G,U. S. Government Accountability Office (
Publisher : BiblioGov
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1289241066

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Global Health by U S Government Accountability Office (G,U. S. Government Accountability Office ( Pdf

Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO examined some of the key issues involving vaccine availability for children in developing countries, focusing on the: (1) locations where shortfalls in immunization coverage are most prevalent; and (2) factors that impede vaccine availability in these locations. GAO noted that: (1) while global immunization coverage for six diseases originally targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) has improved significantly since the mid-1970s, coverage rates are low for children living in the poorest countries, particularly in urban slums and remote rural areas; (2) WHO data indicate that the poorest countries of the world have vaccination rates that are about 26 percent below the global average of 82 percent; (3) in fact, immunization coverage in some countries in sub-Saharan Africa has declined over the last decade; (4) some countries in this region reported in 1997 that they immunized less than a third of their children against the six diseases targeted by WHO; (5) many of the children who are not immunized live in countries that have experienced internal conflict in recent years; (6) although the level of coverage varies, few children in developing countries have access to the newer vaccines that have been added more recently to WHO's list of recommended vaccines; (7) several interrelated factors that poor countries have difficulty overcoming have limited the availability of vaccines for children in the developing world, including: (a) inadequate health infrastructure; (b) the relatively higher cost of vaccines recently recommended by WHO; (c) insufficient information on disease burden and vaccine efficacy; and (d) changing priorities of international donors; and (8) in the 1990s, the United Nations Children's Fund and the U.S. Agency for International Development have begun to reduce their level of support for immunization.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : UNICEF
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789280639124

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Progress for Children by Anonim Pdf

"Immunization does not simply raise the chances that children will resist disease: it virtually guarantees that they will. But millions of children remain unimmunized, and each year 1.4 million children under five die from diseases that are entirely preventable. This volume of Progress for Children reports on immunization, a key to the Millennium Development Goal of reducing child mortality."--Index page for publication in UNICEF website (as viewed Dec. 1, 2009)

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Evaluation of Vaccine Purchase Financing in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2003-12-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309133258

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Financing Vaccines in the 21st Century by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Evaluation of Vaccine Purchase Financing in the United States Pdf

The national immunization system has achieved high levels of immunization, particularly for children. However, this system faces difficult challenges for the future. Significant disparities remain in assuring access to recommended vaccines across geographic and demographic populations. These disparities result, in part, from fragmented publicâ€"private financing in which a large number of children and adults face limited access to immunization services. Access for adults lags well behind that of children, and rates of immunizations for those who are especially vulnerable because of chronic health conditions such as diabetes or heart and lung disease, remain low. Financing Vaccines in the 21st Century: Assuring Access and Availability addresses these challenges by proposing new strategies for assuring access to vaccines and sustaining the supply of current and future vaccines. The book recommends changes to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-the entity that currently recommends vaccines-and calls for a series of public meetings, a post-implementation evaluation study, and development of a research agenda to facilitate implementation of the plan.

Author : Sidsel Roalkvam,Desmond McNeill,Stuart Blume
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780191644504

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Protecting the World's Children by Sidsel Roalkvam,Desmond McNeill,Stuart Blume Pdf

Vaccination programmes now represent a major part of the effort devoted to improving the health of children in developing countries. These donor-funded programmes tend to be global in scope and focus on worldwide goals and targets such as 'polio eradication', and the Millennium Development Goals. Health policy makers at the national level are expected to implement these programmes in a standard manner and report progress according to a few standard indicators. Pressures and incentives to achieve the targets set are then transmitted down to the community level health worker who actually meets the parents and children to implement the programmes. Drawing on first hand, original research in India and Malawi carried out by the contributors, as well as existing literature, Protecting the World's Children: Immunisation policies and practices suggests that there is little or no scope allowed for the effects of variance in the way health systems work, the difficulties and tensions faced by health workers, or differences in the way people think about childhood illnesses that reflect cultural differences. The book argues that the need to show progress can create distortions and lead to the production of misleading data and an unwillingness to report problems. It proposes that vaccines could more effectively serve children's health needs if immunisation programmes are better understood and acknowledged, and if local knowledge and realities were enabled to inform national and international health policy. Written by an international, interdisciplinary team of experts in immunisation policy, Protecting the World's Children is an integrative study of immunisation policy and practice at a global, national and community level, and is an essential resource for researchers and practitioners in international and public health, as well as professionals in international and development studies.