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Author : United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 53 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Awards
ISBN : OCLC:793517873
Author : Office of Science and Technology Policy
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1502958120
On January 4, 2011, President Obama signed into the law the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act (COMPETES), granting all agencies broad authority to conduct prize competitions to spur innovation, solve tough problems, and advance their core missions. Prizes have an established track record of spurring innovation in the private and philanthropic sectors. This report details examples of how well-designed prizes integrated into a broader innovation strategy have enabled Federal agencies to: • Pay only for success and establish an ambitious goal without having to predict which team or approach is most likely to succeed; • Reach beyond the “usual suspects” to increase the number of solvers tackling a problem and to identify novel approaches, without bearing high levels of risk; • Bring out-of-discipline perspectives to bear; and • Increase cost-effectiveness to maximize the return on taxpayer dollars. The Obama Administration has taken important steps to make prizes a standard tool in every agency's toolbox. The September 2009 Strategy for American Innovation1 recognized the potential for prizes to mobilize America's ingenuity to solve some of the Nation's most pressing challenges. In March 2010, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued a formal policy framework2 to guide agency leaders in using prizes to advance their core missions. In September 2010, the Administration launched Challenge.gov3, a one-stop shop where entrepreneurs and citizen solvers can find public-sector prizes. By September 2012, Challenge.gov had featured more than 200 competitions from over 45 Federal agencies, departments, and bureaus.4 The prize authority in COMPETES supports this effort. By giving agencies a clear legal path, the legislation makes it dramatically easier for agencies to use prizes. By significantly expanding the authority of all Federal agencies to conduct prize competitions, the legislation enables agencies to pursue more ambitious prizes with robust incentives.
Author : Tina P. Srivastava
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781640122109
Our national security increasingly depends on access to the most sophisticated and advanced technology. Yet the next time we set out to capture a terrorist leader, we may fail. Why? The answer lies in a conflict between two worlds. One is the dynamic, global, commercial world with its thriving innovations. The other is the world of national security, in which innovation is a matter of life or death. The conflict is about secrecy. Innovating in a Secret World is a detailed examination of the U.S. government and innovation landscapes and of the current trends in often secret national security–related research and development (R&D). Based on case studies, detailed research, and interviews with executives at Fortune 500s, startup entrepreneurs, and military directors and program managers, this accessible and timely book is a must-read. Tina P. Srivastava evaluates whether the strategy of technology innovation in the world of national security leaves certain innovations behind or unintentionally precludes certain classes of innovators from participating. She identifies the unintended consequences and emergent behaviors of this conflict. This examination unfolds in a complex, dynamic system that includes the legal framework in which technology innovation must exist. For more than a decade Srivastava has been on the front lines of cutting-edge technology innovation. She suggests focusing on an emerging class of R&D strategy called “open innovation”—a strategy that broadens participation in innovation beyond an individual organization or division traditionally assigned to perform R&D activities. Through compelling stories of commercial and early government applications, she shows how open technology innovation strategies can enable, accelerate, and enhance technology innovation. Successful incorporation of open innovation into the previously closed U.S. government R&D landscape can yield profound benefits to both national security and global leadership.
Author : Matthew Wisnioski,Eric S. Hintz,Marie Stettler Kleine
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780262352604
A critical exploration of today's global imperative to innovate, by champions, critics, and reformers of innovation. Corporate executives, politicians, and school board leaders agree—Americans must innovate. Innovation experts fuel this demand with books and services that instruct aspiring innovators in best practices, personal habits, and workplace cultures for fostering innovation. But critics have begun to question the unceasing promotion of innovation, pointing out its gadget-centric shallowness, the lack of diversity among innovators, and the unequal distribution of innovation's burdens and rewards. Meanwhile, reformers work to make the training of innovators more inclusive and the outcomes of innovation more responsible. This book offers an overdue critical exploration of today's global imperative to innovate by bringing together innovation's champions, critics, and reformers in conversation. The book presents an overview of innovator training, exploring the history, motivations, and philosophies of programs in private industry, universities, and government; offers a primer on critical innovation studies, with essays that historicize, contextualize, and problematize the drive to create innovators; and considers initiatives that seek to reform and reshape what it means to be an innovator. Contributors Errol Arkilic, Catherine Ashcraft, Leticia Britos Cavagnaro, W. Bernard Carlson, Lisa D. Cook, Humera Fasihuddin, Maryann Feldman, Erik Fisher, Benoît Godin, Jenn Gustetic, David Guston, Eric S. Hintz, Marie Stettler Kleine, Dutch MacDonald, Mickey McManus, Sebastian Pfotenhauer, Natalie Rusk, Andrew L. Russell, Lucinda M. Sanders, Brenda Trinidad, Lee Vinsel, Matthew Wisnioski
Author : Cass R. Sunstein,Reid Hastie
Publisher : Harvard Business Review Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-12-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781625270504
Why are group decisions so hard? Since the beginning of human history, people have made decisions in groups—first in families and villages, and now as part of companies, governments, school boards, religious organizations, or any one of countless other groups. And having more than one person to help decide is good because the group benefits from the collective knowledge of all of its members, and this results in better decisions. Right? Back to reality. We’ve all been involved in group decisions—and they’re hard. And they often turn out badly. Why? Many blame bad decisions on “groupthink” without a clear idea of what that term really means. Now, Nudge coauthor Cass Sunstein and leading decision-making scholar Reid Hastie shed light on the specifics of why and how group decisions go wrong—and offer tactics and lessons to help leaders avoid the pitfalls and reach better outcomes. In the first part of the book, they explain in clear and fascinating detail the distinct problems groups run into: They often amplify, rather than correct, individual errors in judgment They fall victim to cascade effects, as members follow what others say or do They become polarized, adopting more extreme positions than the ones they began with They emphasize what everybody knows instead of focusing on critical information that only a few people know In the second part of the book, the authors turn to straightforward methods and advice for making groups smarter. These approaches include silencing the leader so that the views of other group members can surface, rethinking rewards and incentives to encourage people to reveal their own knowledge, thoughtfully assigning roles that are aligned with people’s unique strengths, and more. With examples from a broad range of organizations—from Google to the CIA—and written in an engaging and witty style, Wiser will not only enlighten you; it will help your team and your organization make better decisions—decisions that lead to greater success.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Research and Technology
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : MINN:31951D03800051U
Author : Azad M. Madni,Barry Boehm,Roger G. Ghanem,Daniel Erwin,Marilee J. Wheaton
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1201 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319622170
The theme of this volume on systems engineering research is disciplinary convergence: bringing together concepts, thinking, approaches, and technologies from diverse disciplines to solve complex problems. Papers presented at the Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER), March 23-25, 2017 at Redondo Beach, CA, are included in this volume. This collection provides researchers in academia, industry, and government forward-looking research from across the globe, written by renowned academic, industry and government researchers.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : MINN:31951D03652725D
Author : Valerie Revest,Isabelle Liotard
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781394226290
The extent of digitalization and the use of digital tools no longer need to be demonstrated. While companies have been integrating the challenges of such a transformation for more than 20 years, the public sector is lagging behind. Digital Transformation and Public Policies studies the mechanisms of the digital transformation of public organizations. It explores how this new deal, driven mainly by platforms, resonates with new public policies and how digital technology is redrawing the relationship between the governors and the governed. This book, the result of transdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, aims to answer these questions by focusing on several cases: public innovation policies, health data and social policies with fiscal microsimulation devices.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1116 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050636161
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1116 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Administrative agencies
ISBN : IND:30000144688441
Author : B. Zorina Khan
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190936075
"This books shows how and why the ideas of creative individuals promote progress. The insights are based on original archival research regarding over one hundred thousand inventors, patented inventions, and innovation prizes in Europe and the United States during industrialization. This systematic empirical analysis across time and place and institutions provides an extensive microfoundation for understanding technological change and long-run macroeconomic growth. British and French policies favoured "administered innovation systems," in which elites, administrators or panels made key economic decisions about inducement prizes, rewards and the allocation of resources. European institutions generated returns that were misaligned with economic value and productivity, and perpetuated socioeconomic inequality. Europe fell behind when the negative consequences of such top-down administered systems accumulated and reduced comparative advantage. The modern knowledge economy emerged when, for the first time in world history, an intellectual property clause was included in a national Constitution, in the United States. This strong endorsement for open-access property rights and unfettered markets in ideas reflected a revolution in thinking about the sources of creativity and technical progress. U.S. global industrial ascendancy was a direct outcome of its decentralized market-oriented institutions, which fostered diversity in ideas and innovations, the diffusion of information and disruptive technologies, and sustained endogenous growth"--
Author : Beth Simone Noveck
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2015-11-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780674915459
Governments make too little use of the skills and experience of citizens. New tools—what Beth Simone Noveck calls technologies of expertise—are making it possible to match citizen expertise to the demand for it in government. She offers a vision of participatory democracy rooted not in voting or crowdsourcing but in people’s knowledge and know-how.
Author : Daren C. Brabham
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-04-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781626162228
Crowdsourcing is a term that was coined in 2006 to describe how the commercial sector was beginning to outsource problems or tasks to the public through an open call for solutions over the internet or social media. Crowdsourcing works to generate new ideas or develop innovative solutions to problems by drawing on the wisdom of the many rather than the few. US local government experimented with rudimentary crowdsourcing strategies as early as 1989, but in the last few years local, state, and federal government have increasingly turned to crowdsourcing to enhance citizen participation in problem solving, setting priorities, and decision making. While crowdsourcing in the public sector holds much promise and is part of a larger movement toward more citizen participation in democratic government, many challenges, especially legal and ethical issues, need to be addressed to successfully adapt it for use in the public sector. Daren C. Brabham has been at the forefront of the academic study of crowdsourcing. This book includes extensive interviews with public and private sector managers who have used crowdsourcing. Brabham concludes with a list of the top ten best practices for public managers.
Author : Erik Brynjolfsson,Andrew McAfee
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-01-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780393239355
The big stories -- The skills of the new machines : technology races ahead -- Moore's law and the second half of the chessboard -- The digitization of just about everything -- Innovation : declining or recombining? -- Artificial and human intelligence in the second machine age -- Computing bounty -- Beyond GDP -- The spread -- The biggest winners : stars and superstars -- Implications of the bounty and the spread -- Learning to race with machines : recommendations for individuals -- Policy recommendations -- Long-term recommendations -- Technology and the future (which is very different from "technology is the future").
