Improving Collection Of Indicators Of Criminal Justice System Involvement In Population Health Data Programs

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309453400

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Improving Collection of Indicators of Criminal Justice System Involvement in Population Health Data Programs by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics Pdf

In the U.S. criminal justice system in 2014, an estimated 2.2 million people were in incarcerated or under correctional supervision on any given day, and another 4.7 million were under community supervision, such as probation or parole. Among all U.S. adults, 1 in 31 is involved with the criminal justice system, many of them having had recurring encounters. The ability to measure the effects of criminal justice involvement and incarceration on health and health disparities has been a challenge, due largely to limited and inconsistent measures on criminal justice involvement and any data on incarceration in health data collections. The presence of a myriad of confounding factors, such as socioeconomic status and childhood disadvantage, also makes it hard to isolate and identify a causal relationship between criminal justice involvement and health. The Bureau of Justice Statistics collects periodic health data on the people who are incarcerated at any given time, but few national-level surveys have captured criminal justice system involvement for people previously involved in the system or those under community supervisionâ€"nor have they collected systematic data on the effects that go beyond the incarcerated individuals themselves. In March 2016 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop meant to assist the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) and Office of the Minority Health (OMH) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in identifying measures of criminal justice involvement that will further their understanding of the socioeconomic determinants of health. Participants investigated the feasibility of collecting criminal justice experience data with national household-based health surveys. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Building an Agenda to Reduce the Number of Children in Poverty by Half in 10 Years
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309483988

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A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Building an Agenda to Reduce the Number of Children in Poverty by Half in 10 Years Pdf

The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.

Author : National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Criminal justice, Administration of
ISBN : IND:30000042356364

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Performance Measurement and the Criminal Justice System by National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Pdf

These four working papers present research designs for system-wide data analysis and productivity measurement for evaluation. The four papers, prepared by four working teams, are titled, "Performance Measurement and the Criminal Justice System," "A Conceptual Basis for Effectiveness Measurement of Law Enforcement Activities"' "Performance Measures for Evaluation of LEAA and CJS Programs;" and "A Program of Research on Performance Measurement and Evaluation for the Criminal Justice System." Concepts covered by the papers include total social cost associated with crime and crime control, a systematic approach to determine a methodology for the measurement of law enforcement effectiveness, system-level aggregate performance measures, analysis and interpretation of criminal justice statistics, and operational performance measures. An additional topic coverage is the use of evaluation as a technical tool for better measurement and resource allocation

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Criminal justice personnel
ISBN : IND:30000038612242

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Performance Measures for the Criminal Justice System by Anonim Pdf

A Discussion paper from the BJS-Princeton Project.

Author : John J. DiIulio
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Crime prevention
ISBN : UOM:39015054457794

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Rethinking the Criminal Justice System by John J. DiIulio Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452960

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Communities in Action by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States Pdf

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Using Performance Monitoring to Improve Community Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1997-04-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309175371

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Improving Health in the Community by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Using Performance Monitoring to Improve Community Health Pdf

How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780309278935

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Reforming Juvenile Justice by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform Pdf

Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Author : Curt Taylor Griffiths,Yvon Dandurand,Danielle Murdoch
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Crime prevention
ISBN : UCBK:C099187307

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The Social Reintegration of Offenders and Crime Prevention by Curt Taylor Griffiths,Yvon Dandurand,Danielle Murdoch Pdf

Author : Walter L. Perry
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780833081537

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Predictive Policing by Walter L. Perry Pdf

Predictive policing is the use of analytical techniques to identify targets for police intervention with the goal of preventing crime, solving past crimes, or identifying potential offenders and victims. These tools are not a substitute for integrated approaches to policing, nor are they a crystal ball. This guide assesses some of the most promising technical tools and tactical approaches for acting on predictions in an effective way.

Author : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,UNICEF.
Publisher : United Nations Publications
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Law
ISBN : 9211337615

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Manual for the Measurement of Juvenile Justice Indicators by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,UNICEF. Pdf

This publication sets out practical guidance on the use of fifteen indicators of core importance to juvenile justice, developed by UNICEF and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime in consultation with non-governmental organisations and individual experts. The indicators have been refined through field-testing in a number of countries and are endorsed by the Interagency Juvenile Justice Panel. The indicators fall into two categorie of quantitative and policy matters, with five core indicators relating to: the number of children in detention; the number of children in pre-sentence detention; the percentage of children sentenced to a custodial sentence; the percentage of children diverted or sentenced who enter a pre-sentence diversion scheme; and the existence of a specialised juvenile justice system.

Author : Jean M. Converse,Stanley Presser
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1986-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0803927436

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Survey Questions by Jean M. Converse,Stanley Presser Pdf

This text reviews the literature on crafting survey instruments, and provides both general principles governing question-writing and guidance on how to develop a questionnaire.

Author : Mary Lee Allen,Jamila Larson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Children
ISBN : UOM:39015043225542

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Healing the Whole Family by Mary Lee Allen,Jamila Larson Pdf

This report details characteristics of 50 family care programs that provide comprehensive, individualized services to families struggling with various problems, as well as services that allow parents and children to continue living together in supervised living arrangements for extended periods. Data were collected through in-depth telephone interviews with staff supplemented with site visits. The report, intended as a resource for practitioners and policymakers, describes family care programs' daily operations and the elements differentiating them from other social services. The report explores the origins of family care, those whom the program serves, types of living arrangements, lengths of stay, the services offered, and aftercare approaches, illustrating each discussion with examples and quotes from program staff. The report highlights program elements found to make family care programs effective, including comprehensive services, longer treatment timelines and aftercare procedures, priority given to children's safety, an accepting yet demanding treatment environment, staff quality, and active peer support among residents. Also noted are the significant challenges in evaluating the effectiveness of family care programs, and evidence of women's enhanced participation in education and employment, decreased homelessness, increased self-esteem, and decreased depression and stress. Highlighting evidence of the positive impact of family care on children involved in such programs, the report concludes with recommendations for enlarging the impact of family care. Five appendices include a description of the study's methodology, one-page program summaries for all the programs surveyed, and a selective annotated bibliography on family care and related issues. Contains approximately 50 references. (KB)

Author : Eve Waltermaurer,Timothy A. Akers
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136184918

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Epidemiological Criminology by Eve Waltermaurer,Timothy A. Akers Pdf

Epidemiological criminology is an emerging paradigm which explores the public health outcomes associated with engagement in crime and criminal justice. This book engages with this new theory and practice-based discipline drawing on knowledge from criminology, criminal justice, public health, epidemiology, public policy, and law to illustrate how the merging of epidemiology into the field of criminology allows for the work of both disciplines to be more interdisciplinary, evidence-based, enriched and expansive. This book brings together an innovative group of exemplary researchers and practitioners to discuss applications and provide examples of epidemiological criminology. It is divided into three sections; the first explores the integration of epidemiology and criminology through theory and methods, the second section focuses on special populations in epidemiological criminology research and the role of race, ethnicity, age, gender and space as it plays out in health outcomes among offenders and victims of crime, and the final section explores the role policy and practice plays in worsening and improving the health outcomes among those engaged in the criminal justice system. Epidemiological Criminology is the first text to bring together, in one source, the existing interdisciplinary work of academics and professionals that merge the fields of criminology and criminal justice to public health and epidemiology. It will be of interest to academics and students in the fields of criminology, epidemiology, and public health, as well as clinical psychologists, law and government policy analysts and those working within the criminal justice system.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 67 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-09-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780309287685

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Health and Incarceration by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration Pdf

Over the past four decades, the rate of incarceration in the United States has skyrocketed to unprecedented heights, both historically and in comparison to that of other developed nations. At far higher rates than the general population, those in or entering U.S. jails and prisons are prone to many health problems. This is a problem not just for them, but also for the communities from which they come and to which, in nearly all cases, they will return. Health and Incarceration is the summary of a workshop jointly sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) Committee on Law and Justice and the Institute of Medicine(IOM) Board on Health and Select Populations in December 2012. Academics, practitioners, state officials, and nongovernmental organization representatives from the fields of healthcare, prisoner advocacy, and corrections reviewed what is known about these health issues and what appear to be the best opportunities to improve healthcare for those who are now or will be incarcerated. The workshop was designed as a roundtable with brief presentations from 16 experts and time for group discussion. Health and Incarceration reviews what is known about the health of incarcerated individuals, the healthcare they receive, and effects of incarceration on public health. This report identifies opportunities to improve healthcare for these populations and provides a platform for visions of how the world of incarceration health can be a better place.