In The Name Of Necessity

Author : Saul A. Kripke
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0674598466

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Naming and Necessity by Saul A. Kripke Pdf

If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. Ever since the publication of its original version, Naming and Necessity has had great and increasing influence. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of reference, in particular of naming, and of identity. From a critique of the dominant tendency to assimilate names to descriptions and more generally to treat their reference as a function of their Fregean sense, surprisingly deep and widespread consequences may be drawn. The largely discredited distinction between accidental and essential properties, both of individual things (including people) and of kinds of things, is revived. So is a consequent view of science as what seeks out the essences of natural kinds. Traditional objections to such views are dealt with by sharpening distinctions between epistemic and metaphysical necessity; in particular by the startling admission of necessary a posteriori truths. From these, in particular from identity statements using rigid designators whether of things or of kinds, further remarkable consequences are drawn for the natures of things, of people, and of kinds; strong objections follow, for example to identity versions of materialism as a theory of the mind. This seminal work, to which today's thriving essentialist metaphysics largely owes its impetus, is here published with a substantial new Preface by the author.

Author : Christopher Hughes
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2004-01-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0191544000

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Kripke : Names, Necessity, and Identity by Christopher Hughes Pdf

Saul Kripke, in a series of classic writings of the 1960s and 1970s, changed the face of metaphysics and philosophy of language. Christopher Hughes offers a careful exposition and critical analysis of Kripke's central ideas about names, necessity, and identity. He clears up some common misunderstandings of Kripke's views on rigid designation, causality and reference, the necessary and the contingent, the a posteriori and the a priori. Through his engagement with Kripke's ideas Hughes makes a significant contribution to ongoing debates on, inter alia, the semantics of natural kind terms, the nature of natural kinds, the essentiality of origin and constitution, the relative merits of 'identitarian' and counterpart-theoretic accounts of modality, and the identity or otherwise of mental types and tokens with physical types and tokens. No specialist knowledge in either the philosophy of language or metaphysics is presupposed; Hughes's book will be valuable for anyone working on the ideas which Kripke made famous in the philosophy world.

Author : Rudolf Carnap
Publisher : Read Books Ltd
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2011-03-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781446545560

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Meaning and Necessity - A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic by Rudolf Carnap Pdf

The main purpose of this book is the development of a new method for the semantical analysis of meaning, that is, a new method for analyzing and describing the meanings of linguistic expressions. This method, called the method of extension and intension, is developed by modifying and extending certain customary concepts, especially those of class and property. The method will be contrasted with various other semantical methods used in traditional philosophy or by contemporary authors. These other methods have one characteristic in common. They all regard an expression in a language as a name of a concrete or abstract entity. In contradistinction, the method here proposed takes an expression, not as naming anything, but as possessing an intension and an extension. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Author : Edward M. Bounds
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781365381324

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The Necessity of Prayer by Edward M. Bounds Pdf

In this work, Bounds offers up and explanation of how necessary prayer is in the Christian life. Not only does prayer bring us before God, but increases faith and dependence on God. Bounds offers a few Biblical examples of praying people in the Bible and the benefits that came from it.

Author : Stephen Charnock
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1865
Category : God
ISBN : BL:A0027072065

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The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock: The necessity by Stephen Charnock Pdf

Author : Harry G. Frankfurt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521633958

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Necessity, Volition, and Love by Harry G. Frankfurt Pdf

Essays examining foundational metaphysical and epistemological issues concerning Descartes, moral philosophy, and philosophical anthropology.

Author : Amie L. Thomasson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190098193

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Norms and Necessity by Amie L. Thomasson Pdf

Claims about what is metaphysically necessary or possible have long played a central role in metaphysics and other areas of philosophy. Such claims are traditionally thought of as aiming to describe a special kind of modal fact or property, or perhaps facts about other possible worlds. But that assumption leads to difficult ontological, epistemological, and methodological puzzles. Should we accept that there are modal facts or properties, or other possible worlds? If so, what could these things be? How could we come to know what the modal facts or properties are? How can we resolve philosophical debates about what is metaphysically necessary or possible? Norms and Necessity develops a new approach to understanding our claims about metaphysical possibility and necessity: Modal Normativism. The Normativist rejects the assumption that modal claims aim to describe modal features or possible worlds, arguing instead that they serve as useful ways of conveying, reasoning with, and renegotiating semantic rules and their consequences. By dropping the descriptivist assumption, the Normativist is able to unravel the notorious ontological problems of modality, and provide a clear and plausible story about how we can come to know what is metaphysically necessary or possible. Most importantly, this approach helps demystify philosophical methodology. It reveals that resolving metaphysical modal questions does not require a special form of philosophical insight or intuition. Instead, it requires nothing more mysterious than empirical knowledge, conceptual mastery, and an ability to explicitly convey and renegotiate semantic rules.

Author : Stephen Theron
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2012-11-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781443843553

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From Narrative to Necessity by Stephen Theron Pdf

This book is a supplement to the author’s earlier New Hegelian Essays. It continues the project of presenting the narrative(s) of religion as intelligible metaphysics, “interpreting spiritual things spiritually”, as St. Paul says. After an introductory recall of the unreality of the phenomenal individual except insofar as viewed as “in” God, the Absolute, so that all depend upon all, the first subject to be considered is faith itself, too often seen as the polar and hence negative opposite of reason. After this, we plunge straight for the hidden philosophical implications of the Trinity, leading on to a rational viewing of the doctrines of Creation and Incarnation, actually essentially connected. A false view of Creation, as, consequently, of divine transcendence, is here corrected. God has no otherness with which he is not at the same time united and hence identified and this is the very opposite of pantheism, is acosmism rather, God being “all in all”. Regarding Incarnation, its full humanistic implications, in a context of Absolute Idealism as the philosophical and true view, are here teased out. Finally, we move to a consideration of “practical reason”, virtues, ethical imperatives, their true character and import. The book concludes with some consideration of the eventual role of such philosophy as holding together a great contemporary political project, the European Union.

Author : Tobias Joho
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-20
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780192540034

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Style and Necessity in Thucydides by Tobias Joho Pdf

Ancient literary critics were struck by what they described as Thucydides' "nominal style," a term that refers to Thucydides' fondness for abstract nominal phrases. As this book shows, Thucydides frequently uses these phrases instead of approximately synonymous verbal and personal constructions. These stylistic choices tend to deemphasize human agency: people find themselves in a passive role, exposed to incidents happening to them rather than being actively in charge of events. Thus, the analysis of the abstract style raises the question of necessity in Thucydides. On numerous occasions, Thucydides and his speakers use impersonal and passive language to stress the subjection of human beings to transpersonal forces that manifest themselves in collective passions and an inherent dynamic of events. These factors are constitutive of the human condition and become a substitute for the notion of divine fatalism prevalent in earlier Greek thought. Yet Thucydidean necessity is not absolute. It stands in the tradition of a type of fatalism that one finds in Homer and Herodotus. In these authors, the gods or fate tend to settle the outcome of the most significant events, but they leave leeway for the specific way in which these pivotal events come to pass. Thus, the Greeks endorsed a malleable variant of necessity, so that considerable scope for human choice persists within the framework fixed by necessity. Pericles turns out to be Thucydides' prime example of an individual who uses the leeway left by necessity for prudent interventions into the course of events.

Author : Sharon Lee,Steve Miller
Publisher : Baen Publishing Enterprises
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-02-05
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9781618249876

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Necessity's Child by Sharon Lee,Steve Miller Pdf

Stirring SF adventure from master storytellers Sharon Lee and Steve Miller¾#16 in the award-winning Liaden Universe® saga. Space ships, action, adventure¾all tied together with a strong dollop of romance and clan intrigue¾make this a compelling series for a wide range of readers, from romance to military SF lovers. The kompani see none as an enemy, and yet few as friend. The kompani exist in many places, living quietly in the shadows, thriving off the bounty that others have no wit to secure, nor skill to defend. Their private history is unwritten; their recall rooted in dance and dream. The Clan Korval is in many ways the opposite of the kompani. The interstellar trading clan is wealthy in enemies, fortunate in friends. Korval protects itself with vigor, and teaches even its youngest children the art of war. And when representatives of Clan Korval arrive on the planet Surebleak where the kompani has lived, secret and aloof, the lives of three people intersect¾ Kezzi, apprentice to the kompani's grandmother; Syl Vor, Clan Korval's youngest warrior; and Rys, a man without a world, or a past. Necessity's Child is a standalone adventure in the popular and exciting Liaden Universe®. At the publisher's request, this title is sold without DRM (Digital Rights Management).

Author : Markus Dubber,Tatjana Hörnle
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2014-03-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191030673

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Criminal Law by Markus Dubber,Tatjana Hörnle Pdf

Criminal Law: A Comparative Approach presents a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the substantive criminal law of two major jurisdictions: the United States and Germany. Presupposing no familiarity with either U.S. or German criminal law, the book will provide criminal law scholars and students with a rich comparative understanding of criminal law's foundations and central doctrines. All foreign-language sources have been translated into English; cases and materials are accompanied by heavily cross-referenced introductions and notes that place them within the framework of each country's criminal law system and highlight issues ripe for comparative analysis. Divided into three parts, the book covers foundational issues - such as constitutional limits on the criminal law - before tackling the major features of the general part of the criminal law and a selection of offences in the special part. Throughout, readers are exposed to alternative approaches to familiar problems in criminal law, and as a result will have a chance to see a given country's criminal law doctrine, on specific issues and in general, from the critical distance of comparative analysis.

Author : Sigrid Redse Johansen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108493925

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The Military Commander's Necessity by Sigrid Redse Johansen Pdf

A comprehensive examination of the legal limits to the military commander's assessment of military necessity during armed conflict.

Author : John McClintock
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1016 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1888
Category : Theology
ISBN : IND:30000123138418

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Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature by John McClintock Pdf

Author : Grant Holder
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 721 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781458328595

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Necessity's Hammer by Grant Holder Pdf

Author : Franklin I. Gamwell
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781438479323

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On Metaphysical Necessity by Franklin I. Gamwell Pdf

In this collection of essays, Franklin I. Gamwell offers a defense of transcendental metaphysics, especially in its neoclassical form, and builds a case for its importance as a tool for addressing abiding problems in philosophical theology and morality—including talk about God, human fault, moral decision, and the relationship of politics and religious freedom. In Part I, Gamwell argues against Kant and a wide range of contemporary philosophers, for the validity of transcendental metaphysics designated in the strict sense. He engages with Aquinas, Schleiermacher, Augustine, and Reinhold Niebuhr to argue that neoclassical metaphysics, for which the divine whole is itself temporal or forever self-surpassing, provides a more coherent account of God than does classical metaphysics, for which the divine whole is completely eternal. In Part II, Gamwell looks at transcendental metaphysics designated in the broad sense. In particular, he takes up the moral opportunity with which humans are presented, and argues that the moral law depends on a comprehensive good, that is, a good defined metaphysically in the strict sense. He then offers an extended discussion of the relation between transcendental metaphysics and morality, and explores Ronald Dworkin's view of the relationship between democracy and religion, the question of whether religious activities are properly exempted from generally applicable laws, and the constitutional debate about national and states' rights.