Incentives And Test Based Accountability In Education

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Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Public Education
Incentives and Test Based Accountability in Education Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Public Education
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011-11-18
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309128148

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Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Public Education Pdf

In recent years there have been increasing efforts to use accountability systems based on large-scale tests of students as a mechanism for improving student achievement. The federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a prominent example of such an effort, but it is only the continuation of a steady trend toward greater test-based accountability in education that has been going on for decades. Over time, such accountability systems included ever-stronger incentives to motivate school administrators, teachers, and students to perform better. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education reviews and synthesizes relevant research from economics, psychology, education, and related fields about how incentives work in educational accountability systems. The book helps identify circumstances in which test-based incentives may have a positive or a negative impact on student learning and offers recommendations for how to improve current test-based accountability policies. The most important directions for further research are also highlighted. For the first time, research and theory on incentives from the fields of economics, psychology, and educational measurement have all been pulled together and synthesized. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education will inform people about the motivation of educators and students and inform policy discussions about NCLB and state accountability systems. Education researchers, K-12 school administrators and teachers, as well as graduate students studying education policy and educational measurement will use this book to learn more about the motivation of educators and students. Education policy makers at all levels of government will rely on this book to inform policy discussions about NCLB and state accountability systems.

Making Sense of Test-Based Accountability in Education

Laura S. Hamilton,Brian M. Stecher,Stephen P. Klein
Making Sense of Test Based Accountability in Education Book PDF

Author : Laura S. Hamilton,Brian M. Stecher,Stephen P. Klein
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2002-07-31
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780833033987

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Making Sense of Test-Based Accountability in Education by Laura S. Hamilton,Brian M. Stecher,Stephen P. Klein Pdf

Test-based accountability systems that attach high stakes to standardized test results have raised a number of issues on educational assessment and accountability. Do these high-stakes tests measure student achievement accurately? How can policymakers and educators attach the right consequences to the results of these tests? And what kinds of tradeoffs do these testing policies introduce? This book responds to the growing emphasis on high-stakes testing and offers recommendations for more-effective test-based accountability systems.

Making Sense of Test-Based Accountability in Education

Anonim
Making Sense of Test Based Accountability in Education Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:946700510

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Making Sense of Test-Based Accountability in Education by Anonim Pdf

This book was written in response to school policymaking's growing emphasis on testing. During the 1990s, a number of states implemented educational accountability systems that assigned consequences for students, teachers, or schools on the basis of student test scores. The 2001 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (the "No Child Left Behind NCLB act of 2001") makes such test-based accountability a requirement for all 50 states. The goal of the law is ". . . to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging state academic achievement standards and state academic assessments." The purpose of this book is to help educators and educational policymakers understand test-based accountability so they can use it effectively in the service of this goal. States have considerable flexibility in developing their accountability systems, so long as those systems have at their core an appropriate feedback mechanism. Data on student achievement are collected annually and compared with a specific target. Failure to attain the target leads to successively harsher sanctions for schools, including ultimately reconstitution; success leads to recognition and financial rewards. when combined with greater flexibility from federal regulations and parental options to obtain supplemental educational services or move students from less-successful schools, these test-based incentives are supposed to lead to improvement for all schools.

The Testing Charade

Daniel Koretz
The Testing Charade Book PDF

Author : Daniel Koretz
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-31
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780226408712

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The Testing Charade by Daniel Koretz Pdf

America's leading expert in educational testing and measurement openly names the failures caused by today's testing policies and provides a blueprint for doing better. 6 x 9.

Testing, Teaching, and Learning

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Title I Testing and Assessment
Testing Teaching and Learning Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Title I Testing and Assessment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1999-10-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309172868

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Testing, Teaching, and Learning by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Title I Testing and Assessment Pdf

State education departments and school districts face an important challenge in implementing a new law that requires disadvantaged students to be held to the same standards as other students. The new requirements come from provisions of the 1994 reauthorization of Title I, the largest federal effort in precollegiate education, which provides aid to "level the field" for disadvantaged students. Testing, Teaching, and Learning is written to help states and school districts comply with the new law, offering guidance for designing and implementing assessment and accountability systems. This book examines standards-based education reform and reviews the research on student assessment, focusing on the needs of disadvantaged students covered by Title I. With examples of states and districts that have track records in new systems, the committee develops a practical "decision framework" for education officials. The book explores how best to design assessment and accountability systems that support high levels of student learning and to work toward continuous improvement. Testing, Teaching, and Learning will be an important tool for all involved in educating disadvantaged studentsâ€"state and local administrators and classroom teachers.

The Future of Test-Based Educational Accountability

Katherine Ryan,Lorrie Shepard
The Future of Test Based Educational Accountability Book PDF

Author : Katherine Ryan,Lorrie Shepard
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-17
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135590888

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The Future of Test-Based Educational Accountability by Katherine Ryan,Lorrie Shepard Pdf

In recent decades testing has become a much more visible and high-stakes accountability mechanism that is now seen as a powerful tool that can be used to drive school improvement. The purpose of this book is to identify and analyze the key issues associated with test-based educational accountability and to chart the future of educational accountability research. Chapter contributions are intended to be forward looking rather than a compendium of what has happened in the past. The book provides an accessible discussion of issues such as validity, test equating, growth modeling, fairness for special populations, causal inferences, and misuses of accountability data.

Grading Education

Richard Rothstein
Grading Education Book PDF

Author : Richard Rothstein
Publisher : Teachers College Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2008-12-14
Category : Education
ISBN : 0807749397

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Grading Education by Richard Rothstein Pdf

Yes, we should hold public schools accountable for effectively spending the vast funds with which they have been entrusted. But accountability policies like No Child Left Behind, based exclusively on math and reading test scores, have narrowed the curriculum, misidentified both failing and successful schools, and established irresponsible expectations for what schools can accomplish. Instead of just grading progress in one or two narrow subjects, we should hold schools accountable for the broad outcomes we expect from public education —basic knowledge and skills, critical thinking, an appreciation of the arts, physical and emotional health, and preparation for skilled employment —and then develop the means to measure and ensure schools’ success in achieving them. Grading Education describes a new kind of accountability plan for public education, one that relies on higher-quality testing, focuses on professional evaluation, and builds on capacities we already possess. This important resource: Describes the design of an alternative accountability system that would not corrupt education as does NCLB and its state testing systems Explains the original design of NAEP in the 1960s, and shows why it should be revived. Defines the broad goals of education, beyond math and reading test scores, and reports on surveys to confirm public and governmental support for such goals. Relates these broad goals of education to the desire for accountability in education.

Educating One and All

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Goals 2000 and the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities
Educating One and All Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Goals 2000 and the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1997-06-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309057899

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Educating One and All by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Goals 2000 and the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities Pdf

In the movement toward standards-based education, an important question stands out: How will this reform affect the 10% of school-aged children who have disabilities and thus qualify for special education? In Educating One and All, an expert committee addresses how to reconcile common learning for all students with individualized education for "one"â€"the unique student. The book makes recommendations to states and communities that have adopted standards-based reform and that seek policies and practices to make reform consistent with the requirements of special education. The committee explores the ideas, implementation issues, and legislative initiatives behind the tradition of special education for people with disabilities. It investigates the policy and practice implications of the current reform movement toward high educational standards for all students. Educating One and All examines the curricula and expected outcomes of standards-based education and the educational experience of students with disabilitiesâ€"and identifies points of alignment between the two areas. The volume documents the diverse population of students with disabilities and their school experiences. Because approaches to assessment and accountability are key to standards-based reforms, the committee analyzes how assessment systems currently address students with disabilities, including testing accommodations. The book addresses legal and resource implications, as well as parental participation in children's education.

Improving America's Schools

National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Improving America s Schools Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1996-11-15
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309054362

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Improving America's Schools by National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Pdf

Reform of American education is largely motivated by concerns about our economic competitiveness and American's standard of living. Yet, few if any of the public school reform agendas incorporate economic principles or research findings. Improving America's Schools explores how education and economic research can help produce, in the words of Harvard's Dale W. Jorgenson, "a unified framework for future education reform." This book presents the perspectives of noted experts, including Eric A. Hanushek, author of Making Schools Work, on creating incentives for improved school and student performance; Under Secretary of Education Marshall S. Smith on the Clinton Administration's reform program; and Rebecca Maynard, University of Pennsylvania, on the education of the disadvantaged. This volume explores these areas: The importance of schooling to labor market success. The prospects for combining school-based management with teacher incentives to gain the best of both approaches. The potential of recent innovations in student achievement testing, including new "value-added" indicators. The economic factors involved in maintaining an adequate stock of effective teachers. The volume also explores why, despite similar standards of living, France, the Netherlands, England, Scotland, and the United States produce different levels of education achievement. Improving America's Schools informs the current debate over school reform with a fresh perspective, examples, and data. This readable volume will be of interest to policymakers, researchers, educators, and education administrators as well as economists and employersâ€"it is also readily accessible to concerned parents and the larger community.

Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning

Norbert M. Seel
Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Book PDF

Author : Norbert M. Seel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 3643 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2011-10-05
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781441914279

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Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning by Norbert M. Seel Pdf

Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.

School Accountability

Williamson M. Evers,Herbert J. Walberg
School Accountability Book PDF

Author : Williamson M. Evers,Herbert J. Walberg
Publisher : Hoover Inst Press Publication
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015055916921

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School Accountability by Williamson M. Evers,Herbert J. Walberg Pdf

Scholars from history, economics, political science, and psychology describe the present state of school accountability, how it evolved, how it succeeded and failed, and how it can be improved. They review the history behind the ongoing conflict between educators and policymakers over accountability and testing, describe various accountability schemes, and analyze the costs of accountability. Case studies of three states with strong school systems compare how accountability works in practice. Evers is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

High Stakes

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Appropriate Test Use
High Stakes Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Appropriate Test Use
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1999-01-16
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309062800

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High Stakes by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on Appropriate Test Use Pdf

Everyone is in favor of "high education standards" and "fair testing" of student achievement, but there is little agreement as to what these terms actually mean. High Stakes looks at how testing affects critical decisions for American students. As more and more tests are introduced into the country's schools, it becomes increasingly important to know how those tests are usedâ€"and misusedâ€"in assessing children's performance and achievements. High Stakes focuses on how testing is used in schools to make decisions about tracking and placement, promotion and retention, and awarding or withholding high school diplomas. This book sorts out the controversies that emerge when a test score can open or close gates on a student's educational pathway. The expert panel: Proposes how to judge the appropriateness of a test. Explores how to make tests reliable, valid, and fair. Puts forward strategies and practices to promote proper test use. Recommends how decisionmakers in education shouldâ€"and should notâ€"use test results. The book discusses common misuses of testing, their political and social context, what happens when test issues are taken to court, special student populations, social promotion, and more. High Stakes will be of interest to anyone concerned about the long-term implications for individual students of picking up that Number 2 pencil: policymakers, education administrators, test designers, teachers, and parents.

Learning from the Federal Market?Based Reforms

William J. Mathis,Tina M. Trujillo
Learning from the Federal Market Based Reforms Book PDF

Author : William J. Mathis,Tina M. Trujillo
Publisher : IAP
Page : 715 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781681235059

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Learning from the Federal Market?Based Reforms by William J. Mathis,Tina M. Trujillo Pdf

Over the past twenty years, educational policy has been characterized by top?down, market?focused policies combined with a push toward privatization and school choice. The new Every Student Succeeds Act continues along this path, though with decision?making authority now shifted toward the states. These market?based reforms have often been touted as the most promising response to the challenges of poverty and educational disenfranchisement. But has this approach been successful? Has learning improved? Have historically low?scoring schools “turned around” or have the reforms had little effect? Have these narrow conceptions of schooling harmed the civic and social purposes of education in a democracy? This book presents the evidence. Drawing on the work of the nation’s most prominent researchers, the book explores the major elements of these reforms, as well as the social, political, and educational contexts in which they take place. It examines the evidence supporting the most common school improvement strategies: school choice; reconstitutions, or massive personnel changes; and school closures. From there, it presents the research findings cutting across these strategies by addressing the evidence on test score trends, teacher evaluation, “miracle” schools, the Common Core State Standards, school choice, the newly emerging school improvement industry, and re?segregation, among others. The weight of the evidence indisputably shows little success and no promise for these reforms. Thus, the authors counsel strongly against continuing these failed policies. The book concludes with a review of more promising avenues for educational reform, including the necessity of broader societal investments for combatting poverty and adverse social conditions. While schools cannot single?handedly overcome societal inequalities, important work can take place within the public school system, with evidence?based interventions such as early childhood education, detracking, adequate funding and full?service community schools—all intended to renew our nation’s commitment to democracy and equal educational opportunity.

Charting Reform, Achieving Equity in a Diverse Nation

Gail L. Sunderman
Charting Reform Achieving Equity in a Diverse Nation Book PDF

Author : Gail L. Sunderman
Publisher : IAP
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781623962739

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Charting Reform, Achieving Equity in a Diverse Nation by Gail L. Sunderman Pdf

This book examines what equity means in a nation where the schools are becoming more diverse. The authors consider how well our educational reform policies, often framed in the language of equity and opportunity, measure up to the challenges of achieving equity in a diverse nation. While there is growing awareness of the increasing racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity of the nation, there is little recognition of how these trends affect the schools, particularly in formerly homogeneous communities. At the same time, inequalities in student achievement between different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups persist, even as educational policy has intensified the focus on the achievement gap. These two challenges make definitions of equity and opportunity as urban problems obsolete and call for a critical examination of educational policy and reform from an equity perspective. Central themes include the critical examination of how equity is conceived under the law and in policy, the experiences of minority students in suburban schools, and the impact of current reform policies and strategies for achieving greater educational opportunities for all students. This book is designed for graduate and undergraduate courses in educational policy and policy analysis, for policymakers interested in a critical examination of current reform policies and options, and educational leaders and administrators struggling with the implementation of reform mandates. From a policy perspective, it includes a survey of the evolution of educational policies and reforms since the 1960s and traces the mix of legal and legislative legacies that have informed educational policy and equity. It describes how trends in suburban diversification affect the schools, something that has largely escaped the attention of educational reformers. It provides school-based and non-school-based remedies for achieving equity in diversifying suburban communities and articulates alternatives to the current accountability for performance approach. It offers new and innovative analyses of current approaches to school reform, including an analysis of how accountability tests can create the illusion of reducing the achievement gap and an examination of the paradoxes of federally funded compensatory policies that incorporate market-based strategies. Novel approaches—such as social emotional learning and placed-based college access strategies—are examined through an equity lens.

Education and Racism

Zeus Leonardo,W. Norton Grubb
Education and Racism Book PDF

Author : Zeus Leonardo,W. Norton Grubb
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781351588409

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Education and Racism by Zeus Leonardo,W. Norton Grubb Pdf

Education and Racism is a concise and easily accessible primer for introducing undergraduate and graduate students to the field of race and education. Designed for introductory courses, each chapter provides an overview of a main issue or dilemma in the research on racial inequality and education and the particular approaches that have been offered to explain or address them. Theme-oriented chapters include curriculum, school (re)segregation, and high stakes testing as well as discussions on how racism intersects with other forms of marginality, like socio-economic status. The focus on particular educational themes is the strength of this book as it paints a portrait of the systematic nature of racism. It surveys multiple approaches to racism and education and places them in conversation with one another, incorporating both classical as well as contemporary theories. Although conceptually rich and dense with critical perspectives and empirical study, this expanded edition contains several powerful vignettes that illustrate the commanding roles racism and structural inequality continue to play in the classroom. Perfect for courses in Multicultural Education, Sociology of Education, Ethnic Studies and more, Education and Racism is the ideal primer for engaging students new to race and education without sacrificing the content for those who are already familiar with the field.