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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Hoover Press
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Income tax
ISBN : 0817952837
Author : Yanni Kotsonis
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-09-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781442696334
Beginning in the 1860s, the Russian Empire replaced a poll tax system that originated with Peter the Great with a modern system of income and excise taxes. Russia began a transformation of state fiscal power that was also underway across Western Europe and North America. States of Obligation is the first sustained study of the Russian taxation system, the first to study its European and transatlantic context, and the first to expose the essential continuities between the fiscal practices of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Using a wealth of materials from provincial and local archives across Russia, Yanni Kotsonis examines how taxation was simultaneously a revenue-raising and a state-building tool, a claim on the person and a way to produce a new kind of citizenship. During successive political, wartime, and revolutionary crises between 1855 and 1928, state fiscal power was used to forge social and financial unity and fairness and a direct relationship with individual Russians. State power eventually overwhelmed both the private sector economy and the fragile realm of personal privacy. States of Obligation is at once a study in Russian economic history and a reflection on the modern state and the modern citizen.
Author : Yanni Kotsonis
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781442643543
Beginning in the 1860s, the Russian Empire replaced a poll tax system that originated with Peter the Great with a modern system of income and excise taxes. Russia began a transformation of state fiscal power that was also underway across Western Europe and North America. States of Obligation is the first sustained study of the Russian taxation system, the first to study its European and transatlantic context, and the first to expose the essential continuities between the fiscal practices of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Using a wealth of materials from provincial and local archives across Russia, Yanni Kotsonis examines how taxation was simultaneously a revenue-raising and a state-building tool, a claim on the person and a way to produce a new kind of citizenship. During successive political, wartime, and revolutionary crises between 1855 and 1928, state fiscal power was used to forge social and financial unity and fairness and a direct relationship with individual Russians. State power eventually overwhelmed both the private sector economy and the fragile realm of personal privacy. States of Obligation is at once a study in Russian economic history and a reflection on the modern state and the modern citizen.
Author : Marina Karasseva
Publisher : Springer
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2001-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105063165240
It is only in the last two or three years that the taxation regime within the Russian Federation has achieved a relatively settled character. Now the clear outline of a coherent tax law system that operates throughout the Federation and all its subject administrations is available in this concise reference, written by a distinguished Russian financial and tax scholar. Among the many essential topics covered are the following: historical, economic, and political background; bases of tax competencies of the State and its subdivisions; principles of assessment and collection; rates and exemptions; determination of taxable corporate profits; penalties, anti-avoidance regulations, and rights to objection and appeal; social security administration; estate, inheritance, and gift taxes; and elimination of double taxation. With numerous explanatory charts and tables, comprehensive and up-to-date bibliographies, and a detailed topical index, Tax Law in Russia is the ideal starting point for international tax practitioners and business persons contemplating transactions involving the Russian Federation.
Author : Jorge Martinez-Vazquez,Mark Rider,Sally Wallace
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105131729571
The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 brought enormous political, economic, and social challenges. Since 1991 fiscal reform has been a pillar of Russia's reform agenda. This book analyzes the effort to adopt a modern tax code where previously there were few recognizable taxes, establish an efficient tax administration where taxpayers had never paid taxes directly, and decentralize the system of governance where power had been centralized and dictatorial. Despite the remarkable achievements, many old and new challenges remain. The authors bring an analytical approach to fiscal reform in Russia, providing a detailed analysis of the tax system and estimates of tax compliance and evasion. The book offers a careful examination of the fiscal architecture of Russia and concludes with a presentation of remaining reform needs and options for Russia. Based on Russia's reform experience, the authors also draw lessons for fiscal reform in other developing and transitional countries. Given the dynamic nature of Russia's economic development, this book will prove a timely and informative resource for academics in economics, public finance, political science and public administration as well as for policy makers. Its lessons will also be useful for officials involved with finance in transition and developing countries.
Author : Russia (Federation)
Publisher : Simmonds & Hill Publishing, Limited
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Tax administration and procedure
ISBN : STANFORD:36105062032425
Author : Gabriela Inchauste,Nora Lustig
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464810923
The World Bank has partnered with the Commitment to Equity Institute at Tulane University to implement their diagnostic tool—the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Assessment—designed to assess how taxation and public expenditures affect income inequality, poverty, and different economic groups. The approach relies on comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis, which measures the contribution of each individual intervention to poverty and inequality reduction as well as the combined impact of taxes and social spending. The CEQ Assessment provide an evidence base upon which alternative reform options can be analyzed. The use of a common methodology makes the results comparable across countries. This volume presents eight country studies that examine the distributional effects of individual programs and policy measures—and the net effect of each country’s mix of policies and programs. These case studies were produced in the context of Bank policy dialogue and have since been used to propose alternative reform options.
Author : Mr.David Edwin Wynn Owen,Mr.David O. Robinson
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2003-09-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1589062078
Russia Rebounds analyzes Russia’s dramatic economic recovery since the country’s 1998 financial crisis, emphasizing macroeconomic issues and fiscal and banking sector reforms. The crisis was a massive shock to the system and a considerable surprise to both Russians and foreign investors, who a year before had come to think that the worst of the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy was over. Macroeconomic performance since the crisis has been impressive. The book assesses the contribution of various factors underlying this recovery and highlights key policy challenges to ensure its sustainability.
Author : Alexander V. Kozhemiakin,Roger E. Kanet
Publisher : Springer
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781349254408
Providing a current assessment of the major developments in Russian foreign policy since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the book begins with an examination of the emerging trends in Russian policy and the impact of domestic political and economic factors on Russian policy. Succeeding chapters outline the development of Russian policy in the major geographic regions of the world: the new states of the 'near abroad', Central Europe and the Balkans, the West, Asia, the Middle East, and the developing countries.
Author : Branko Milanovi?
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 082133994X
World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.
Author : Anna Ivanova,Mr.Alexander Klemm,Mr.Michael Keen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451860351
Russia dramatically reduced its higher rates of personal income tax (PIT) in 2001 establishing a single marginal rate at the low level of 13 percent. In the following year, real revenue from the PIT actually increased by about 26 percent. This 'flat tax' experience has attracted much attention (and emulation) among policymakers, making it perhaps the most important tax reform of recent years. But it has been little studied. This paper asks whether the strong revenue performance of the PIT was itself a consequence of this reform, using both macro evidence and, in particular, micro-level data on the experiences of individuals and households affected by the reform to varying degrees. It concludes that there is no evidence of a strong supply side effect of the reform. Compliance, however, did improve quite substantially-by about one third according to our estimates-though it remains unclear whether this was due to the parametric reforms or to accompanying changes in enforcement.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Aliens
ISBN : MINN:30000005590827
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Hoover Press
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0817993339
An evaluation of the efficacy of different forms of liberalization since the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, in the form of 13 essays on economic and political reforms. Following an extensive introductory essay (Economic Reform: Appropriate Steps and Actual Policies), the remaining essays are organized in three parts: fundamental components of economic reform; specific problems in reform; and comparisons and evaluations. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author : Oksana Dynnikova,Ms. Annette J Kyobe,Mr. Slavi T Slavov
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573649
This paper examines how regional disparities have evolved in Russia and how Russia’s system of intergovernmental fiscal relations is managing these disparities. Regional disparities have fallen over the past two decades but remain relatively high. Socioeconomic outcomes remain worse in lagging regions despite faster growth and convergence in income levels. The twin shocks of COVID-19 and lower oil prices appear to have impacted richer regions disproportionately. Compared to other large countries with federal systems of government, Russia stands out with its high reliance on direct taxes as a revenue source for its regions. Transfers from the federal budget to the regions provide some redistribution by reducing the dispersion in real per capita fiscal spending, but also tend to be associated with lower growth. The Russian fiscal system offers degrees of redistribution and risk sharing of around 26 and 18 percent, respectively—with in-kind social transfers contributing the most. Finally, federal transfers in the aggregate tend to be procyclical and are also fairly unresponsive to shocks to regions’ own revenues.
Author : John P. LeDonne
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 682 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : History
ISBN : 9781487542115
Was Russia truly an empire respectful of the differences among its constituent parts or was it a unitary state seeking to create complete homogeneity?
