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Author : Yew-Kwang Ng,Monash University. Department of Economics
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 19 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:249438697
Author : Martine Quinzii
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1993-01-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780195362244
Increasing returns to scale is an area in economics that has recently become the focus of much attention. While most firms operate under constant or decreasing return to scale on their relevant range of production, some firms produce goods or services with a technology which exhibits increasing returns to scale at levels of production which are large relative to the market. These goods are an important component of economic activity in a modern economy and are typically commodities produced either by a public sector or, as in the U.S., by regulated utilities. In this study, the author analyzes increasing returns using general equilibrium theory to take into account the interactions between production in the public and the private sector, and the effects of financing the public sector on the redistribution of income.
Author : Y. Ng
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2009-04-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0230202098
Recognizing increasing returns disrupts much of the established wisdom in economic analysis, making money non-neutral, equity conflict with freedom, and encouraging goods with increasing returns efficient. This book discusses these problems and ways they can be handled, helping to explain phenomena in the real world.
Author : Y. Ng
Publisher : Springer
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009-04-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780230236813
Recognizing increasing returns disrupts much of the established wisdom in economic analysis, making money non-neutral, equity conflict with freedom, and encouraging goods with increasing returns efficient. This book discusses these problems and ways they can be handled, helping to explain phenomena in the real world.
Author : Martine Quinzii
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Government business enterprises
ISBN : 0199855064
This study analyzes increasing returns to scale using general equilibrium theory to take into account the interactions between production in the public and private sectors. It also explores how the redistribution of income has been effected by financing the private sector.
Author : Fouad Sabry
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PKEY:6610000513574
What is Economies of Scale In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale. At the basis of economies of scale, there may be technical, statistical, organizational or related factors to the degree of market control. This is just a partial description of the concept. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economies of scale Chapter 2: Natural monopoly Chapter 3: Perfect competition Chapter 4: Piero Sraffa Chapter 5: Cost-of-production theory of value Chapter 6: Economies of scope Chapter 7: Monopoly Chapter 8: Economies of agglomeration Chapter 9: Marginal cost Chapter 10: Production-possibility frontier Chapter 11: Average cost Chapter 12: Returns to scale Chapter 13: Cost curve Chapter 14: New trade theory Chapter 15: Prices of production Chapter 16: Long run and short run Chapter 17: Tendency of the rate of profit to fall Chapter 18: Okishio's theorem Chapter 19: Minimum efficient scale Chapter 20: Ricardian economics Chapter 21: Socially optimal firm size (II) Answering the public top questions about economies of scale. (III) Real world examples for the usage of economies of scale in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Economies of Scale.
Author : Antonio Villar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642596704
This book is a substantially revised and enlarged version of the monograph General Equilibrium with Increasing Returns, published by Springer-Verlag as a Lecture Notes volume in 1996. It incorporates new topics and the most recent developments in the field. It also provides a more systematic analysis of the differences between production economies with and without convex production sets. Five out of twelve chapters are new, and most of the remaining ones have been reformulated. An outline of contents appears in chapter 1. As its predecessor, this book contains a formal and systematic exposition of the main results on the existence and efficiency of equilibrium, in production economies where production sets need not be convex. There is an explicit attempt at making of it a suitable reference both for graduate students and researchers interested in theory (not necessarily specialists in mathematical economics). With this twofold purpose in mind, the work has been written according to three key principles: (i) To provide a uhified approach to the problems involved. For that we construct a basic model that is rich enough to encompass the different models appearing throughout, and to derive all the results as coroilaries of a reduced number of general theorems. (ii) To maintain a relatively low mathematical complexity. Thus, when the estimated cost of generality exceeds the benefit of simplicity, we shall state and prove the theorems under assumptions that need not be the most general ones.
Author : Kenneth J. Arrow,Yew-Kwang Ng,Xiaokai Yang
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1998-04-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0312177208
Selected papers from many leading Australian, American, Asian, British and European economists of an international conference at Monash University sparked by the first Australian visit by Kenneth J. Arrow, Nobel Laureate in Economics. Part 1 extends the recently emerged New Classical Economics which uses inframarginal analysis to formally examine classical economic problems of specialization with insights on trade, growth, and many other issues. Part 2 analyses the implications of increasing returns and the associated non-perfect competition on some macro problems like the effects of nominal aggregate demand on output and the price level. Part 3 analyses the relationships of information, returns to scale, and issues of resources and trade.
Author : Roger L. Martin
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781647820077
American democratic capitalism is in danger. How can we save it? For its first two hundred years, the American economy exhibited truly impressive performance. The combination of democratically elected governments and a capitalist system worked, with ever-increasing levels of efficiency spurred by division of labor, international trade, and scientific management of companies. By the nation's bicentennial celebration in 1976, the American economy was the envy of the world. But since then, outcomes have changed dramatically. Growth in the economic prosperity of the average American family has slowed to a crawl, while the wealth of the richest Americans has skyrocketed. This imbalance threatens the American democratic capitalist system and our way of life. In this bracing yet constructive book, world-renowned business thinker Roger Martin starkly outlines the fundamental problem: We have treated the economy as a machine, pursuing ever-greater efficiency as an inherent good. But efficiency has become too much of a good thing. Our obsession with it has inadvertently shifted the shape of our economy, from a large middle class and smaller numbers of rich and poor (think of a bell-shaped curve) to a greater share of benefits accruing to a thin tail of already-rich Americans (a Pareto distribution). With lucid analysis and engaging anecdotes, Martin argues that we must stop treating the economy as a perfectible machine and shift toward viewing it as a complex adaptive system in which we seek a fundamental balance of efficiency with resilience. To achieve this, we need to keep in mind the whole while working on the component parts; pursue improvement, not perfection; and relentlessly tweak instead of attempting to find permanent solutions. Filled with keen economic insight and advice for citizens, executives, policy makers, and educators, When More Is Not Better is the must-read guide for saving democratic capitalism.
Author : Jens Beckert
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2009-01-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781400825448
Beyond the Market launches a sociological investigation into economic efficiency. Prevailing economic theory, which explains efficiency using formalized rational choice models, often simplifies human behavior to the point of distortion. Jens Beckert finds such theory to be particularly weak in explaining such crucial forms of economic behavior as cooperation, innovation, and action under conditions of uncertainty--phenomena he identifies as the proper starting point for a sociology of economic action. Beckert levels an enlightened critique at neoclassical economics, arguing that understanding efficiency requires looking well beyond the market to the social, cultural, political, and cognitive factors that influence the coordination of economic action. Beckert searches social theory for the components of an alternative theory of action, one that accounts for the social embedding of economic behavior. In Durkheim and Parsons he finds especially useful approaches to cooperation; in Luhmann, a way to understand how people act under highly contingent conditions; and in Giddens, an understanding of creative action and innovation. Together, these provide building blocks for a research program that will yield a theoretically sophisticated understanding of how economic processes are coordinated and the ways that markets are embedded in social, cultural, and cognitive structures. Containing one of the most fully informed critiques of the neoclassical analysis of economic efficiency--as well as one of the most thoughtful blueprints for economic sociology--this book reclaims for sociology the study of one of the most important arenas of human action.
Author : Jesús T. Pastor,Juan Aparicio,José L. Zofío
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030843977
This book unifies and extends the definition and measurement of economic efficiency and its use as a real-life benchmarking technique for actual organizations. Analytically, the book relies on the economic theory of duality as guiding framework. Empirically, it shows how the alternative models can be implemented by way of Data Envelopment Analysis. An accompanying software programmed in the open-source Julia language is used to solve the models. The package is a self-contained set of functions that can be used for individual learning and instruction. The source code, associated documentation, and replication notebooks are available online. The book discusses the concept of economic efficiency at the firm level, comparing observed to optimal economic performance, and its decomposition according to technical and allocative criteria. Depending on the underlying technical efficiency measure, economic efficiency can be decomposed multiplicatively or additively. Part I of the book deals with the classic multiplicative approach that decomposes cost and revenue efficiency based on radial distance functions. Subsequently, the book examines how these partial approaches can be expanded to the notion of profitability efficiency, considering both the input and output dimensions of the firm, and relying on the generalized distance function for the measurement of technical efficiency. Part II is devoted to the recent additive framework related to the decomposition of economic inefficiency defined in terms of cost, revenue, and profit. The book presents economic models for the Russell and enhanced graph Russell measures, the weighted additive distance function, the directional distance function, the modified directional distance function, and the Hölder distance function. Each model is presented in a separate chapter. New approaches that qualify and generalize previous results are also introduced in the last chapters, including the reverse directional distance function and the general direct approach. The book concludes by highlighting the importance of benchmarking economic efficiency for all business stakeholders and recalling the main conclusions obtained from many years of research on this topic. The book offers different alternatives to measure economic efficiency based on a set of desirable properties and advises on the choice of specific economic efficiency models.
Author : Scott Moeller
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781849300599
Collated by Scott Moeller of Cass Business School, this collection brings together the informative articles a budding finance practitioner needs to operate effectively in today's corporate environment. Bringing together core finance knowledge and cutting-edge research topics in an engaging and effective way, this text is the ideal companion for all practitioners and students of finance. You will find insights into the practical applications of theory in key areas such as balance sheets and cash flow, financial regulation and compliance, funding and investment, governance and ethics, mergers and acquisitions, and operations and performance. Contributors to this collection include some of the leading experts in their respective fields: Aswath Damodaran, Harold Bierman, Jr, Andreas Jobst, Frank J. Fabozzi, Ian Bremmer, Javier Estrada, Marc J. Epstein, Henrik Cronqvist, Daud Vicary Abdullah, Meziane Lasfer, Dean Karlan, Norman Marks, Seth Armitage, and many others. In this collection you will discover: * Over 80 best-practice articles, providing the best guidance on issues ranging from risk management and capital structure optimization through to market responses to M&A transactions and general corporate governance * Over 65 checklists forming step-by-step guides to essential tasks, from hedging interest rates to calculating your total economic capital * 55 carefully selected calculations and ratios to monitor firms' financial health * A fully featured business and finance dictionary with over 5,000 definitions
Author : Mr.Yan Carriere-Swallow,Mr.Vikram Haksar
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781513511436
This SPR Departmental Paper will provide policymakers with a framework for studying changes to national data policy frameworks.
Author : Graciela Chichilnisky,Geoffrey M. Heal
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521267168
This book focuses on the main issues of trade and development, and on the attainment of the major development goals generally espoused in the international community: rapid development in the Third World, sustained economic expansion in the industrial countries and the eradication of deep inequalities and of extreme poverty. It consists of four parts. The first three give an overall analysis of the world economy, with commentary and conclusions on major issues of trade and development. The fourth part provides the intuitive basis for the main results within the context of the formal models, and rigorous proofs are found in the references given to the technical literature. The analysis is descriptive, focusing on the particulars of market behaviour and tracing the ways in which markets respond to policies, in the belief that policies cannot be viewed in a vacuum, but must be confronted with the responses of the market. The interplay of domestic policies and international markets is a main feature of the authors' analysis.
Author : Todd Green,Davide Viaggi,Meri Raggi,Giacomo Zanni
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-08
Category : Water resources development
ISBN : 9783038420125
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Water Policy, Productivity and Economic Efficiency" that was published in Water