Inequality In Capitalist Societies

Author : Surinder S. Jodhka,Boike Rehbein,Jessé Souza
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134837922

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Inequality in Capitalist Societies by Surinder S. Jodhka,Boike Rehbein,Jessé Souza Pdf

Inequality is one of the most discussed topics of our times. Yet, we still do not know how to tackle the issue effectively. The book argues that this is due to the lack of understanding the structures responsible for the persistence of social inequality. It enquires into the mechanisms that produce and reproduce invisible dividing lines in society. Based on original case studies of Brazil, Germany, India and Laos comprising thousands of interviews, the authors argue that invisible classes emerge in capitalist societies, both reproducing and transforming precapitalist hierarchies. At the same time, locally particular forms of inequality persist. Social inequality in the contemporary world has to be understood as a specific combination of precapitalist inequalities, capitalist transformation and a particular class structure, which seems to emerge in all capitalist societies. The book links the configurations to an interpretation of global domination as well as to symbolic classification.

Author : Surinder S. Jodhka,Boike Rehbein,Jessé Souza
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134837991

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Inequality in Capitalist Societies by Surinder S. Jodhka,Boike Rehbein,Jessé Souza Pdf

Inequality is one of the most discussed topics of our times. Yet, we still do not know how to tackle the issue effectively. The book argues that this is due to the lack of understanding the structures responsible for the persistence of social inequality. It enquires into the mechanisms that produce and reproduce invisible dividing lines in society. Based on original case studies of Brazil, Germany, India and Laos comprising thousands of interviews, the authors argue that invisible classes emerge in capitalist societies, both reproducing and transforming precapitalist hierarchies. At the same time, locally particular forms of inequality persist. Social inequality in the contemporary world has to be understood as a specific combination of precapitalist inequalities, capitalist transformation and a particular class structure, which seems to emerge in all capitalist societies. The book links the configurations to an interpretation of global domination as well as to symbolic classification.

Author : Venkat Venkatasubramanian
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780231543224

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How Much Inequality Is Fair? by Venkat Venkatasubramanian Pdf

Many in the United States feel that the nation’s current level of economic inequality is unfair and that capitalism is not working for 90% of the population. Yet some inequality is inevitable. The question is: What level of inequality is fair? Mainstream economics has offered little guidance on fairness and the ideal distribution of income. Political philosophy, meanwhile, has much to say about fairness yet relies on qualitative theories that cannot be verified by empirical data. To address inequality, we need to know what the goal is—and for this, we need a quantitative, testable theory of fairness for free-market capitalism. How Much Inequality Is Fair? synthesizes concepts from economics, political philosophy, game theory, information theory, statistical mechanics, and systems engineering into a mathematical framework for a fair free-market society. The key to this framework is the insight that maximizing fairness means maximizing entropy, which makes it possible to determine the fairest possible level of pay inequality. The framework therefore provides a moral justification for capitalism in mathematical terms. Venkat Venkatasubramanian also compares his theory’s predictions to actual inequality data from various countries—showing, for instance, that Scandinavia has near-ideal fairness, while the United States is markedly unfair—and discusses the theory’s implications for tax policy, social programs, and executive compensation.

Author : Vicki L. Birchfield
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780271036090

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Income Inequality in Capitalist Democracies by Vicki L. Birchfield Pdf

There has been much concern about rising levels of income inequality in the societies of advanced industrial democracies. Commentators have attributed this increase to the impact of globalization, the decline of the welfare state, or the erosion of the power of labor unions and their allies among left-wing political parties. But little attention has been paid to variations among these countries in the degree of inequality. This is the subject that Vicki Birchfield tackles in this ambitious book. Differences in political institutions have been seen by political scientists as one likely explanation, but Birchfield shows institutional variation to be only one part of the story. Deploying an original conceptualization of political economy as applied democratic theory, she makes the compelling case that cultural values—particularly citizens' attitudes about social justice and about the proper roles of the market and the state—need to be factored into any account that will provide an adequate explanation for the observable patterns. To support her argument, she brings to bear both multivariate statistical analyses and historical comparative case studies, making this book a model for how quantitative and qualitative research can be effectively combined to produce more complete explanations of political and socioeconomic phenomena.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789004357044

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Twenty-First Century Inequality & Capitalism: Piketty, Marx and Beyond by Anonim Pdf

Twenty-First Century Inequality & Capitalism: Piketty, Marx and Beyond is a collection of critical essays on the economist’s iconic 2014 book, from the perspective of critical theory, global political economy or public sociology, mostly drawn from the Marxist tradition.

Author : Frank Parkin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0586080813

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Class Inequality and Political Order by Frank Parkin Pdf

Author : William Watson
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781442624955

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The Inequality Trap by William Watson Pdf

US President Barack Obama has called economic inequality the “defining issue of our time.” It has inspired the “Occupy” movements, made a French economist into a global celebrity, and given us a new expression – the “one percent.” But is our preoccupation with inequality really justified? Or wise? In his new book, William Watson argues that focusing on inequality is both an error and a trap. It is an error because much inequality is “good,” the reward for thrift, industry, and invention. It is a trap because it leads us to fixate on the top end of the income distribution, rather than on those at the bottom who need help most. In fact, if we respond to growing inequality by fighting capitalism rather than poverty, we may end up both poorer and less equal. Explaining the complexities of modern economics in a clear, accessible style, The Inequality Trap is the must-read rejoinder to the idea that fighting inequality should be our top policy priority.

Author : G.P. Manish,Stephen C. Miller
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000283921

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Capitalism and Inequality by G.P. Manish,Stephen C. Miller Pdf

Capitalism and Inequality rejects the popular view that attributes the recent surge in inequality to a failure of market institutions. Bringing together new and original research from established scholars, it analyzes the inequality inherent in a free market from an economic and historical perspective. In the process, the question of whether the recent increase in inequality is the result of crony capitalism and government intervention is explored in depth. The book features sections on theoretical perspectives on inequality, the political economy of inequality, and the measurement of inequality. Chapters explore several key questions such as the difference between the effects of market-driven inequality and the inequality caused by government intervention; how the inequality created by regulation affects those who are less well-off; and whether the economic growth that accompanies market-driven inequality always benefits an elite minority while leaving the vast majority behind. The main policy conclusions that emerge from this analysis depart from those that are currently popular. The authors in this book argue that increasing the role of markets and reducing the extent of regulation is the best way to lower inequality while ensuring greater material well-being for all sections of society. This key text makes an invaluable contribution to the literature on inequality and markets and is essential reading for students, scholars, and policymakers.

Author : Charles L. Ladner
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781664144873

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Inequality and Evolution by Charles L. Ladner Pdf

In 1976, there were 38 countries, comprising nearly 50% of the world’s population that self-identified as socialist states, yet by 1991, only one remained. In 1976, the annual GDP per capita of the 38 socialist countries (in inflation adjusted dollars) averaged approximately $5 thousand. By 1990 it had grown to about $8 thousand. During that same period, the GDP per capita, in comparable numbers, for the United States grew from $24 thousand to $36 thousand. The socialist countries never grew their per capita income to more than 22% of the United States. Even China, which today has an economy almost as large as the United States, never saw its per capita GDP grow beyond $2 thousand per year during the twenty-eight year period as a socialist state under Mao Zedong. But, after the death of Mao, China converted its economy to the capitalist model with spectacular success, lifting a billion people out of poverty and challenging the United States for worldwide economic supremacy-an outcome that would have been unthinkable under socialism. Why has capitalism proven to be such an extraordinary success and socialism such a miserable failure? Charles Ladner argues that the success or failure of economic systems can be traced to the degree to which such systems are congruent with the primal force of evolutionary natural selection. This is the most fundamental need of every living thing to survive and reproduce. He encapsulate these forces into the term: selfishness. Capitalism, he finds, is grounded in such selfishness or self-interest, and therefore is fully congruent with the biological needs which provide the aspirational motivation that cause capitalism at all times and in every place, to be successful. Socialism, on other hand, requires and cannot function without, authoritarian rule to suppress expressions of self-interest. Its operation at the level of the state, serves to frustrate the biological needs and thereby will always produce poverty and failure. The historical record, he says, categorically demonstrates this. Capitalism, however, has a fatal flaw, and that is its inability to restrain the expression of selfishness, which ultimately leads to such extremes of wealth and income inequality that the system can self-destruct. In the final chapters, Ladner offers possible remedies for the United States, which he believes is already in the very early stages of such self-destruction.

Author : Edward J. Martin,Rodolfo D. Torres
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2005-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0742524647

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Savage State by Edward J. Martin,Rodolfo D. Torres Pdf

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 is used as a point of departure for a critique of contemporary welfare policy and the capitalist state. Martin and Torres set out to renew a critical Marxist method by extending it to an analysis of contemporary social policy. It is in this approach that they set out to argue that a critique of welfare policy within the context of capitalism is more timely and important than ever before.

Author : Malcolm B. Hamilton,Maria Hirszowicz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Capitalism
ISBN : STANFORD:36105017541116

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Class and Inequality by Malcolm B. Hamilton,Maria Hirszowicz Pdf

Examines key issues and debates relating to inequality and stratification. It covers such concepts as power, privilege, prestige, class and status, and includes an assessment of the recent social changes in Eastern Europe and how these have impacted on the system of inequality under communism.

Author : Barrington Moore
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105038198151

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Authority and Inequality Under Capitalism and Socialism by Barrington Moore Pdf

Adopts an historical approach to describe and explain the principal similarities and differences in the systems of authority and inequality in the USA, the USSR, and China.

Author : Vicki L. Birchfield
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780271073620

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Income Inequality in Capitalist Democracies by Vicki L. Birchfield Pdf

There has been much concern about rising levels of income inequality in the societies of advanced industrial democracies. Commentators have attributed this increase to the impact of globalization, the decline of the welfare state, or the erosion of the power of labor unions and their allies among left-wing political parties. But little attention has been paid to variations among these countries in the degree of inequality. This is the subject that Vicki Birchfield tackles in this ambitious book. Differences in political institutions have been seen by political scientists as one likely explanation, but Birchfield shows institutional variation to be only one part of the story. Deploying an original conceptualization of political economy as applied democratic theory, she makes the compelling case that cultural values—particularly citizens' attitudes about social justice and about the proper roles of the market and the state—need to be factored into any account that will provide an adequate explanation for the observable patterns. To support her argument, she brings to bear both multivariate statistical analyses and historical comparative case studies, making this book a model for how quantitative and qualitative research can be effectively combined to produce more complete explanations of political and socioeconomic phenomena.

Author : Branko Milanovic
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674987593

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Capitalism, Alone by Branko Milanovic Pdf

For the first time in history, the globe is dominated by one economic system. Capitalism prevails because it delivers prosperity and meets desires for autonomy. But it also is unstable and morally defective. Surveying the varieties and futures of capitalism, Branko Milanovic offers creative solutions to improve a system that isn’t going anywhere.

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 817 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674979857

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Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty Pdf

What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In this work the author analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. He shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values if political action is not taken. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, the author says, and may do so again. This original work reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today.