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In 1994 a Reinsurance Working Party was set up by AIDA (Association Internationale de Droit des Assurances) with the aim of producing a series of comparative reports considering how particular aspects of reinsurance law operate in a range of jurisdictions.
Insurance Risk Management and Reinsurance by Guillaume Gorge Pdf
"Risk being its raw material, insurance has developed various techniques of valuation and risk transfer. Nowadays, these techniques - and first of all reinsurance, the favourite way of transferring risk- are entirely reassessed considering the development of Corporate Finance theory. Therefore, the approach retained here, originally for the actuarial course at Ensae, Paris may surprise some readers and students as it proposes a extended view of risk. We cover not only the mathematical aspects of Risk Management but also other fields relevant for Risk Management from economy or finance. We aim here at making bridges between all these fields through practical application to cat and life risk-management."--
There may be some readers of this book who are expecting a sort of Mrs Beeton of reinsurance, whose indications if carefully followed will ensure the satisfactory outcome of any reinsurance operation undertaken. They will, I fear, be disappointed for reinsurance is first and foremost a commercial enterprise, whose successful conduct depends upon so much that cannot be written in books or committed to paper. Above all else, it depends upon people and on the personalities of people as much as on their technical skills. Most reinsurers are born and only some are made, but none the less for either sort this book will be of inestimable benefit as a guide to the principles that lie behind the transaction of a business at once as complex and widespread as reinsurance is by its very nature. One of the main characteristics of this highly specialized business is the infinite variety of situations to which the reinsurer is called upon to adapt his business methods making any standardization of practice possible only on a broad, as opposed to a detailed, basis. This renders any attempt to encompass in one book all the practical alternatives and differences in approach to technical reinsurance problems a virtual impossibility.
This practical guide offers a useful introduction to reinsurance, taking you step by step through the associated issues you really need to know about. An introduction is provided, setting the scene for further chapters on key topics such as the formation of agreements, terms, rights and obligations. The book covers the following areas: Nature of Reinsurance, Formation of Reinsurance, Agreements, Utmost Good Faith, Terms of Reinsurance Agreements, Rights and Obligations of the Parties, Follow the Settlements and Follow the Fortunes, Claims, Intermediaries, Jurisdiction and Applicable Law, Arbitration.
The Value of Risk by Peter Borscheid,David Gugerli,Tobias Straumann Pdf
Reinsurance is an invisible service industry which enables insurance companies to insure more risks and to make better use of their resources. Until recently, reinsurers were only known to a small minority outside the insurance community. Major disasters, especially those caused by natural catastrophes, have increasingly brought the industry into the spotlight. Yet what is perceived today by a wider public still only represents a fraction of the industry, and the mechanisms of reinsurance to deal with global risk exposure are virtually unknown. The Value of Risk provides an overview of how today's reinsurance industry developed. It investigates for the first time the role of reinsurers in a changing risk, economic, and market environment. Harold James explains the fundamental principles of insuring and outlines the evolution of the industry in his introductory essay. In Part I, Peter Borscheid describes in detail the global spread of modern insurance, which emerged in the late eighteenth century amidst ideas of rationalism which attempted to quantify risk in monetary terms, the setbacks it encountered, and how the market environment changed over time. Professional reinsurance emerged with the rise in insured risks in the industrialising mid-nineteenth century. By the time the San Francisco Earthquake happened in 1906 the reinsurance industry had become well established and showed a remarkable ability to deal collectively with the catastrophe. David Gugerli describes in Part II how the industry as a whole dealt with such challenges but also the numerous exposures to a changing risk landscape. Against this background, in Part III Tobias Straumann examines the history of the Swiss Reinsurance Company, founded in 1863, providing a fascinating example of how professional risk taking was developed over the last 150 years.
Risk Theory and Reinsurance by Griselda Deelstra,Guillaume Plantin Pdf
Reinsurance is an important production factor of non-life insurance. The efficiency and the capacity of the reinsurance market directly regulate those of insurance markets. The purpose of this book is to provide a concise introduction to risk theory, as well as to its main application procedures to reinsurance. The first part of the book covers risk theory. It presents the most prevalent model of ruin theory, as well as a discussion on insurance premium calculation principles and the mathematical tools that enable portfolios to be ordered according to their risk levels. The second part describes the institutional context of reinsurance. It first strives to clarify the legal nature of reinsurance transactions. It describes the structure of the reinsurance market and then the different legal and technical features of reinsurance contracts, known as reinsurance ‘treaties’ by practitioners. The third part creates a link between the theories presented in the first part and the practice described in the second one. Indeed, it sets out, mostly through examples, some methods for pricing and optimizing reinsurance. The authors aim is to apply the formalism presented in the first part to the institutional framework given in the second part. It is reassuring to find such a relationship between approaches seemingly abstract and solutions adopted by practitioners. Risk Theory and Reinsurance is mainly aimed at master's students in actuarial science but will also be useful for practitioners wishing to revive their knowledge of risk theory or to quickly learn about the main mechanisms of reinsurance.
Reinsurance Regulation:A Contemporary and Comparative Study by Wallace Wang Pdf
We seem to be living at a time when insurance is strained to the breaking point. From hurricanes and earthquakes to terrorist attacks and threats of nuclear devastation, enormous risks to life and property; and accompanying liabilities; proliferate on an unprecedented scale. Insurer insolvency is not yet common, but it is not unusual either. And at the root of such failures often lies the compound failure of uncollectable reinsurance. This important book proposes that a significant part of the emerging insurance crisis results from inadequate regulation of reinsurance. In a detailed and cogent analysis of what an effective regulatory regime for reinsurance must entail, the author examines such factors as the following: direct supervision of reinsurers versus supervision of reinsurance policies models from developed countries (US, UK, EU) and international organisations (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, International Association of Insurance Supervisors) the importance of taking legal and economic differences into account while applying models the problem of local protectionism, especially in developing countries the dismantling of trade barriers in the reinsurance industry global harmonization of reinsurance regulation the role of reinsurance intermediaries finite risk reinsurance insurance-linked securities. The author's concluding chapter presents an essential legal infrastructure that allows for efficiency, security, and individual market characteristics. Professor Wang then applies this framework to the Taiwanese insurance market, demonstrating convincingly how his proposed regime can solve specific problems while respecting Taiwan's distinct market environment. As a meticulously considered appraisal of, and solution to, a world problem that is growing quickly and uncontrollably, Reinsurance Regulation will be of immense value to lawyers, professors, academics, and officials who deal with any facet of economic law.
The ABC Of Reinsurance by Stefan Pohl,Joseph Iranya Pdf
Titel in englischer Sprache Eine wichtige Neuerscheinung für alle, die mit Rückversicherungen zu tun haben. Vor allem Einsteiger finden hier übersichtlich und verständlich alle relevanten Informationen auf einen Blick! Das 'ABC der Rückversicherung' ist in zwei Teile untergliedert. Im ersten befassen sich die Autoren intensiv mit der traditionellen Rückversicherung. Dazu zählen Themen wie die Vertragsrückversicherung und die fakultative Rückversicherung - und zwar sowohl in der proportionalen als auch in der nichtproportionalen Form. Der erste Teil behandelt zusätzlich zentrale Methoden der Bepreisung und der Rechnungslegung von Rückversicherungsverträgen. Zahlreiche Illustrationen, Beispiele und Übungsaufgaben mit nachvollziehbaren Musterlösungen sorgen dafür für bestmögliche Verständlichkeit. Ganz bewusst verzichteten die Autoren darauf, mathematische Herleitungen zu erklären. Aus gutem Grund: Im Vordergrund steht klar und deutlich die schnelle Anwendbarkeit, daher werden konkret die Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Techniken und Konzepte herausgearbeitet. Der zweite Teil widmet sich dann den fortgeschrittenen Aspekten in der Rückversicherung. Dazu gehören Methoden des alternativen Risikotransfers, aber auch die verschiedenen Anwendungsgebiete der passiven Rückversicherung kommen nicht zu kurz. In erster Linie ist der zweite Teil dazu gedacht, einen kompakten Überblick über weitere Themengebiete zu geben, die rund um die traditionelle Rückversicherung flankierend auftauchen. Bereits Anfänger, die mit dem Thema noch nicht sehr vertraut sind, können so die wichtigsten Konzepte der Rückversicherung und die in der Praxis verwandten Fachtermini einsortieren und grob bewerten! Zahlreiche Referenzen geben dabei nicht nur Sicherheit, sie dienen auch einem vertieften Einstieg. Im Einzelnen werden hier die folgenden Themengebiete angesprochen: - Fronting und Captives zur Steuerung des Selbstbehaltes der zedierenden Gesellschaft - Run-Off-Management zur Abwicklung von Versicherungsbeständen - Regulatorische Themen wie die Äquivalenz von einzelnen Aufsichtsregimen und die Erfassung von global systemrelevanten Versicherern sowie - Skizzierung von Methoden zur Optimierung von Rückversicherungsstrukturen und Selbstbehalten Ein Glossar, der die im Buch gebrauchten Fachtermini kurz erläutert, rundet das für die Branche wichtige Buch ab. Ideal für Anfänger bei Versicherungsunternehmen, die sich mit der aktiven oder passiven Rückversicherung beschäftigen, und die sich einen kompakten, schnellen und anwendungsorientierten Überblick verschaffen wollen! Those who are dealing with assumed or ceded reinsurance can find here all information at a glance. In the first part the authors deal with traditional assumed reinsurance, i.e., treaty and facultative reinsurance, both proportional and non-proportional in nature. Illustrations, practical examples and exercises enhance the reader's experience. The second part is dedicated to advanced reinsurance, e.g., to methods of alternative risk transfer and work fields in ceded reinsurance. Ideal for the beginner to obtain an application-oriented overview of the relevant concepts and techniques in reinsurance!
Reinsurance and the Law of Aggregation by Oliver D. William Pdf
In excess of loss reinsurance, the reinsurer covers the amount of a loss exceeding the policy’s deductible but not piercing its cover limit. Accordingly, a policy’s quantitative scope of cover is significantly affected by the parties’ agreement of a deductible and a cover limit. Yet, the examination of whether a loss has exceeded deductible or cover limit necessitates an educated understanding of what constitutes one loss. In so-called aggregation clauses, the parties to (re-)insurance contracts regularly provide that multiple individual losses are to be added together for presenting one loss to the reinsurer when they arise from the same event, occurrence, catastrophe, cause or accident. Aggregation mechanisms are one of the core instruments for structuring reinsurance contracts. This book systematically examines each element of an aggregation mechanism, tracing the inconsistent usage of aggregation language in the markets and scrutinizing the tests developed by courts and arbitral tribunals. In doing so, it seeks to support insurers, reinsurers, brokers and lawyers in drafting aggregation clauses and in settling claims. Focusing on an analysis of primary sources, particularly judicial decisions, the book interprets each judicial decision to describe a system of inter-related rules, collating, organising and describing the English law of aggregation as applied by the courts and arbitral tribunals. It further draws a comparison between the English position and the corresponding rules in the Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law (PRICL).
