Intergenerational Social Mobility In Africa Since 1920

Author : Rasmane Ouedraogo,Nicolas Syrichas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 67 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513593807

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Intergenerational Social Mobility in Africa Since 1920 by Rasmane Ouedraogo,Nicolas Syrichas Pdf

The COVID-19 crisis has a severe impact on education and employment and exposed the many social inequities that make some populations more vulnerable to shocks. Despite a vast literature on social mobility in advanced economies, little is known about it in African countries, mainly due to data limitations. Using a large harmonized dataset of more than 72 million individuals, we fill this gap and examine socioeconomic status mobility across generations, measured by educational and occupational attainment. We uncover the substantial geographical variations in the degree of upward/downward educational and occupational mobility across and within African countries, and the gender and rural/urban divide. Additionally, we explore the determinants of social mobility in the African region. We find that social mobility on the continent could be partly explained by observable individual characteristics (gender, marital status, age, etc.), and that educational mobility is a driver of occupational mobility. Lastly, we show that the quality of institutions, the level of public spending on education, social protection coverage, natural resource endowments, and countries' fragility are strong predictors of social mobility in Africa.

Author : Vegard Iversen,Anirudh Krishna,Kunal Sen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780192650733

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Social Mobility in Developing Countries by Vegard Iversen,Anirudh Krishna,Kunal Sen Pdf

Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility—especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves-which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines—typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?

Author : Richard Breen,Walter Müller
Publisher : Studies in Social Inequality
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1503610160

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Education and Intergenerational Social Mobility in Europe and the United States by Richard Breen,Walter Müller Pdf

Author : Vegard Iversen,Anirudh Krishna,Kunal Sen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780192896858

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Social Mobility in Developing Countries by Vegard Iversen,Anirudh Krishna,Kunal Sen Pdf

Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility--especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves-which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines--typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?

Author : John Ermisch,Markus Jantti,Timothy M. Smeeding
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781610447805

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From Parents to Children by John Ermisch,Markus Jantti,Timothy M. Smeeding Pdf

Does economic inequality in one generation lead to inequality of opportunity in the next? In From Parents to Children, an esteemed international group of scholars investigates this question using data from ten countries with differing levels of inequality. The book compares whether and how parents' resources transmit advantage to their children at different stages of development and sheds light on the structural differences among countries that may influence intergenerational mobility. How and why is economic mobility higher in some countries than in others? The contributors find that inequality in mobility-relevant skills emerges early in childhood in all of the countries studied. Bruce Bradbury and his coauthors focus on learning readiness among young children and show that as early as age five, large disparities in cognitive and other mobility-relevant skills develop between low- and high-income kids, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom. Such disparities may be mitigated by investments in early childhood education, as Christelle Dumas and Arnaud Lefranc demonstrate. They find that universal pre-school education in France lessens the negative effect of low parental SES and gives low-income children a greater shot at social mobility. Katherine Magnuson, Jane Waldfogel, and Elizabeth Washbrook find that income-based gaps in cognitive achievement in the United States and the United Kingdom widen as children reach adolescence. Robert Haveman and his coauthors show that the effect of parental income on test scores increases as children age; and in both the United States and Canada, having parents with a higher income betters the chances that a child will enroll in college. As economic inequality in the United States continues to rise, the national policy conversation will not only need to address the devastating effects of rising inequality in this generation but also the potential consequences of the decline in mobility from one generation to the next. Drawing on unparalleled international datasets, From Parents to Children provides an important first step.

Author : International Commission on the Futures of Education
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789231004780

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Reimagining our futures together by International Commission on the Futures of Education Pdf

The interwoven futures of humanity and our planet are under threat. Urgent action, taken together, is needed to change course and reimagine our futures.

Author : Gregory Clark
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691168371

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The Son Also Rises by Gregory Clark Pdf

"How much of our fate is tied to the status of our parents and grandparents? How much does this influence our children? More than we wish to believe! While it has been argued that rigid class structures have eroded in favor of greater social equality, The Son Also Rises proves that movement on the social ladder has changed little over eight centuries. Using a novel technique -- tracking family names over generations to measure social mobility across countries and periods -- renowned economic historian Gregory Clark reveals that mobility rates are lower than conventionally estimated, do not vary across societies, and are resistant to social policies. The good news is that these patterns are driven by strong inheritance of abilities and lineage does not beget unwarranted advantage. The bad news is that much of our fate is predictable from lineage. Clark argues that since a greater part of our place in the world is predetermined, we must avoid creating winner-take-all societies."--Jacket.

Author : Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789210043670

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World Social Report 2020 by Department of Economic and Social Affairs Pdf

This report examines the links between inequality and other major global trends (or megatrends), with a focus on technological change, climate change, urbanization and international migration. The analysis pays particular attention to poverty and labour market trends, as they mediate the distributional impacts of the major trends selected. It also provides policy recommendations to manage these megatrends in an equitable manner and considers the policy implications, so as to reduce inequalities and support their implementation.

Author : Mary Njeri Kinyanjui
Publisher : Zed Books Ltd.
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781780326337

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Women and the Informal Economy in Urban Africa by Mary Njeri Kinyanjui Pdf

In this highly original work, Mary Njeri Kinyanjui explores the trajectory of women's movement from the margins of urbanization into the centres of business activities in Nairobi and its accompanying implications for urban planning. While women in much of Africa have struggled to gain urban citizenship and continue to be weighed down by poor education, low income and confinement to domestic responsibilities due to patriarchic norms, a new form of urban dynamism - partly informed by the informal economy - is now enabling them to manage poverty, create jobs and link to the circuits of capital and labour. Relying on social ties, reciprocity, sharing and collaboration, women's informal 'solidarity entrepreneurialism' is taking them away from the margins of business activity and catapulting them into the centre. Bringing together key issues of gender, economic informality and urban planning in Africa, Kinyanjui demonstrates that women have become a critical factor in the making of a postcolonial city.

Author : Göran Therborn
Publisher : Verso
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1844670155

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Inequalities of the World by Göran Therborn Pdf

A groundbreaking exploration of contemporary global inequality by leading scholars from across the world.

Author : A. G. Hopkins
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317868941

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An Economic History of West Africa by A. G. Hopkins Pdf

This is the standard account of the economic history of the vast area conventionally known as West Africa. Ranging from prehistoric time to independence it covers the former French as well as British colonies.

Author : Geoffrey Schneider
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780429678776

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Microeconomic Principles and Problems by Geoffrey Schneider Pdf

Microeconomic Principles and Problems offers a comprehensive introduction to all major perspectives in modern economics, including mainstream and heterodox approaches. Through providing multiple views of markets and how they work, it will leave readers better able to understand and analyse the complex behaviours of consumers, firms, and government officials, as well as the likely impact of a variety of economic events and policies. Most principles of microeconomics textbooks cover only mainstream economics, ignoring rich heterodox ideas. They also lack material on the great economists, including the important ideas of Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek. Mainstream books neglect the kind of historical analysis that is crucial to understanding trends that help us predict the future. Moreover, they focus on abstract models more than existing economic realities. This engaging book addresses these inadequacies. Including explicit coverage of the major heterodox schools of thought, it allows the reader to choose which ideas they find most compelling in explaining modern economic realities. Written in an engaging style focused on real world examples, this ground-breaking book brings economics to life. It offers the most contemporary and complete package for any pluralistic microeconomics class.

Author : Leo P. Chall
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 852 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Sociology
ISBN : UOM:39015078349126

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Sociological Abstracts by Leo P. Chall Pdf

Author : Francisco H. G. Ferreira,Julian Messina,Jamele Rigolini,Luis-Felipe Lopez-Calva,Maria Ana Lugo,Renos Vakis,Luis Felipe Ló,pez-Calva
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821397237

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Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class by Francisco H. G. Ferreira,Julian Messina,Jamele Rigolini,Luis-Felipe Lopez-Calva,Maria Ana Lugo,Renos Vakis,Luis Felipe Ló,pez-Calva Pdf

After decades of stagnation, the size of Latin America's middle class recently expanded to the point where, for the first time ever, the number of people in poverty is equal to the size of the middle class. This volume investigates the nature, determinants and possible consequences of this remarkable process of social transformation. We propose an original definition of the middle class, tailor-made for Latin America, centered on the concept of economic security and thus a low probability of falling into poverty. Given our definition of the middle class, there are four, not three, classes in Latin America. Sandwiched between the poor and the middle class there lies a large group of people who appear to make ends meet well enough, but do not enjoy the economic security that would be required for membership of the middle class. We call this group the 'vulnerable'. In an almost mechanical sense, these transformations in Latin America reflect both economic growth and declining inequality in over the period. We adopt a measure of mobility that decomposes the 'gainers' and 'losers' in society by social class of each household. The continent has experienced a large amount of churning over the last 15 years, at least 43% of all Latin Americans changed social classes between the mid 1990s and the end of the 2000s. Despite the upward mobility trend, intergenerational mobility, a better proxy for inequality of opportunity, remains stagnant. Educational achievement and attainment remain to be strongly dependent upon parental education levels. Despite the recent growth in pro-poor programs, the middle class has benefited disproportionally from social security transfers and are increasingly opting out from government services. Central to the region's prospects of continued progress will be its ability to harness the new middle class into a new, more inclusive social contract, where the better-off pay their fair share of taxes, and demand improved public services.

Author : Mary Romero
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134935017

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Maid in the USA by Mary Romero Pdf

This is a classic work in the fields of Women's Studies and Sociology. On its 10th Anniversary, it is still a vital and moving study of the lives of immigrant domestic workers, and is constantly cited in the research. Romero's new introduction will offer a fresh look at the material, including more recent events, proving that the issues discussed in the book are still very relevant to today's world.