International Airline Alliances Ec Competition Law Us Antitrust Law And International Air Transport

Author : Angela Cheng-Jui Lu
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041119094

Get Book

International Airline Alliances : EC Competition Law/US Antitrust Law and International Air Transport by Angela Cheng-Jui Lu Pdf

This new study takes a keen look at the problems facing the international community due to conflicts arising from applications of varying competition laws by different competition authorities to international airline alliances. As a result of privatisation, deregulation, liberalisation and globalisation, international air carriers form alliances with one another in order to cope with growing competition in the international air transport market. This book clearly provides an introduction to the background to and origin of airline alliances, different models of alliances and the related anti-competitive practices resulting from existing international airline alliances. The potential anti-competitive practices resulting from these cross-border alliances trigger a great deal of concern from various competition authorities. Thus, this study goes on to provide a detailed analysis regarding the relevant EC competition law and US antitrust law and their applications to alliance activities. The comparison of different applications of EC competition law and US antitrust law to international airline alliances provides leading research results first-hand. In the conclusion, the essential elements regarding establishing a level playing field in the international air transport market are identified and the author provides possible solutions for the harmonisation of different applications of competition law to international airline alliances.

Author : Steven Truxal
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781136315336

Get Book

Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry by Steven Truxal Pdf

An examination of the relationship between competition and the deregulation and liberalisation of the US and European air transport sectors reveals that the structure of the air transport sector has undergone a number of significant changes. A growing number of airlines are entering into horizontal and vertical cooperative arrangements and integration including franchising, codeshare agreements, alliances, ‘virtual mergers’ and in some cases, mergers with other airlines, groups of airlines or other complementary lines of business such as airports. This book considers the current legal issues affecting the air transport sector incorporating recent developments in the industry, including the end of certain exemptions from EU competition rules, the effect of the EU-US Open Skies Agreement, the accession of new EU Member States and the Lisbon Treaty. The book explores the differing European and US regulatory approaches to the changes in the industry and examines how airlines have remained economically efficient in what is perceived as a complex and confused regulatory environment. Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry will be of particular interest to academics and students of competition law as well as EU law.

Author : Jan Walulik
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781351134897

Get Book

Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport by Jan Walulik Pdf

Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport addresses the timely and problematic issue of lack of uniformity in legal standards for international civil aviation. The book focuses on discrepancies within the regulatory and antitrust framework, comprehensively reveals the major legal limitations and conflicts, and presents possible solutions thereto. It discusses possible strategies for multilateralisation and defragmentation of air law, and for international harmonisation of airline economic regulation with fair competition standards. This discussion extends to competition between air transport law and other legal regimes as well as to specific regulatory problems related to air transport. The unique feature of the book is that it reconciles distinct perspectives on these issues presented by renowned aviation and aerospace experts who represent the world’s key air transport markets and air law academic centres. By providing unbiased solutions that could serve as a base for future international arrangements, this book will be invaluable for aviation professionals, as well as students and scholars with an interest in air law, economic regulation, antitrust studies, international relations, transportation policy and airline management.

Author : John Milligan
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041166289

Get Book

European Union Competition Law in the Airline Industry by John Milligan Pdf

Since the liberalisation of air transport in the EU in the late 1980s, with the application of competition law to agreements and practices within the EU, and between EU and non-EU airlines since 2004, competition has intensifi ed and the industry has evolved, with the emergence of low cost carriers, greater consolidation between full service carriers through mergers and alliances, and most recently, convergence of business models as airlines respond to competitive pressures. The enforcement of competition law has also increased within the EU – at EU and EU member state level and internationally. This practical and thoroughly researched book, minimising the need for cross-referencing, is the only current comprehensive study of European competition law from the perspective of the airline industry. Among the issues and topics covered are the following: - commercial agreements between airlines such as code-sharing, mergers and alliances and other joint ventures; - means of distribution such as computer reservation (or global distribution) systems and travel agents; - supply and distribution agreements; - abusive conduct by dominant companies including airports, airlines, or other companies; - cartels, including the Airfreight cartel case; - information exchange between competitors; - procedure, enforcement and private actions for damages; - state aid to airlines by Governments, through agreements between regional airports and low cost carriers, and aid to airports; and - subsidies by non-EU countries to airlines. The author also gives an overview of the liberalisation process, the European Common Aviation Area, agreements with non-EU countries, latest developments (including Brexit) and ongoing trends. As a practical guide to the application of competition law in relation to drafting commercial agreements, planning and structuring mergers and alliances, assessing existing agreements, or handling claims or disputes among airlines or airports, legal practitioners in the transport fi eld will fi nd this book to be of inestimable value, as will business persons at airlines and airports. For regulators, academics, and university libraries, this book will also prove itself indispensable.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105061646613

Get Book

International Aviation Agreements and Antitrust Immunity by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition Pdf

Author : Angela Cheng-Jui Lu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:470763512

Get Book

International Airline Alliances by Angela Cheng-Jui Lu Pdf

Author : Paul Stephen Dempsey
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041122650

Get Book

European Aviation Law by Paul Stephen Dempsey Pdf

Once a byword for the economic power of national government - with competition strictly regulated - European commercial aviation has now virtually become a market without state-imposed anticompetitive restrictions. Although intended to enhance competition, this situation has in fact driven airlines to form massive global alliances cartels that offer ever-shrinking benefits to the consumer. In this extraordinarily thorough, blow-by-blow analysis of how this happened ? or was allowed to happen ? one of the world?s most eminent aviation law authorities explores the subject with a lucid insight fully informed by historical breadth and a keen appreciation of current pressures. Commercial aviation emerges as the crucible par excellence of the convergence of prevailing global ideology, economics, and international law. Among the numerous interrelated topics investigated in depth by Professor Dempsey, the following may be mentioned: the principal actors, including scores of airlines, the European Union, and a number of air transport associations; the labyrinth of bilateral air transport agreements; the relevance of the Treaty of Rome?s competition rules and the EU merger regulations to air transport; the important Court of Justice cases that circumscribed the zone of application in which the competition rules can regulate air transport: French Seamen?s Case, Transport Policy Decision, Olympic Airway, Nouvelles Fronti?res, Ahmed Saeed, and the 2002 `Open Skies? Decision; the 1991 U.S.-EC agreement regarding the application of competition laws; the sequence of EU aviation regulatory `packages?; regulation of non-economic issues (air traffic congestion, noise limitations, air carrier liability, civil aviation accident/incident investigations, denied boarding compensation); the effect of the U.S. government?s increasing invocation of antitrust immunity; computer reservation systems (especially code-sharing procedures); jointly-owned web sites for ticket sales and other e-commerce joint ventures; frequent flyer program alliances; and the emergence of global megacarriers. The author?s presentation emphasizes the regulatory constructs that currently affect the European air transport market: pricing and tariffs, pooling of revenue, market access (licensing, capacity limits, traffic rights, slot allocation), ground handlings, cargo services, state aid, and the power of the EU to act on the commercial aviation world stage for Member States. Each of these areas of analysis begins with an overview of the general regulatory environment for that area followed by a detailed chronological delineation of relevant packages, proposals, resolutions, and regulations. Because of the enormous role played by international air transport with respect to gross national product, employment, and energy consumption, European Aviation Law is of great importance not only to European lawyers but to officials, policymakers, practitioners, and academics in a number of relevant fields worldwide.

Author : European Commission
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781437943382

Get Book

Transatlantic Airline Alliances: Competitive Issues and Regulatory Approaches by European Commission Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : LOC:00101901221

Get Book

International Aviation Alliances by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition Pdf

Author : Adithya Variath
Publisher : Centre for Research in Air and Space Law, MNLU Mumbai
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2023-10-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Indian Review of Air and Space Law by Adithya Variath Pdf

Indian Review of Air and Space Law published by the Centre for Research in Air and Space Law at Maharashtra National Law University Mumbai aims to provide a unique forum for practitioners, regulators, policymakers and academics who deal with international, regional and national aviation and space law and policy. It is an academically led peer-reviewed academic review that aims to publish high-quality scholarship on air and space law spanning all areas including comparative, international and multidisciplinary perspectives.

Author : Isabelle Lelieur
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781351922876

Get Book

Law and Policy of Substantial Ownership and Effective Control of Airlines by Isabelle Lelieur Pdf

The principle of airline substantial ownership and effective control is one of the biggest impediments to the air transport industry growth. Legitimately included in the bilateral agreements since 1946 for national security reasons, States have maintained the principle over the years and used it as a protectionist tool, as well as a bargaining chip. Today, considering that liberalization and globalization concepts are already well-established in the biggest industrial sectors, and a large number of cross-border investments occurs in most of the service sectors through mergers and acquisitions, the time is ripe to remove national restrictions on foreign investments from the airline industry. This comprehensive book identifies those factors that still justify the imposition of national ownership restrictions on airlines and examines the prospects for change in the current policies and regulatory regimes that support them. The readership includes specialists in government departments of transportation, civil aviation authorities and agencies, international organizations, airline executives concerned with general management, economic, legal and public affairs, aviation lawyers, airline pilot associations, law schools concerned with international aviation law.

Author : Benjamyn I. Scott,Andrea Trimarchi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-17
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780429959806

Get Book

Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy by Benjamyn I. Scott,Andrea Trimarchi Pdf

Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy offers students a systematic, tailored and dynamic approach to understanding the legal scenario concerning international civil aviation. The book dynamically covers the major areas of international aviation law, and provides an introduction to the multifaceted international regulation of aviation activities in the sphere of public and private law. The book is designed to provide the reader with the fundamental notions concerning international aviation law. It adopts an interactive approach, which aims at engaging the reader by way of using learning tools. The main areas of public and private aviation law are dealt with from a regulatory and practical perspective, and include detailed analyses of existing and applicable legislations, as well as landmark court cases and decisions. Each chapter is tailored to confer to readers a thorough knowledge of the international and, if any, the European applicable legislation. Delivery of these aims is attained through a dynamic and balanced use of didactic instruments and immediate information. The book is intended for a varied audience of students and professionals involved in the aviation world, without requiring the possession of specific legal knowledge or background. It also aims to constitute a useful reference material for those who are familiar with legal terminology and aviation specifics.

Author : Conor Talbot
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2018-12-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781527523159

Get Book

Competition Law in Times of Crisis by Conor Talbot Pdf

This book examines the role and utility of competition law within the EU’s legislative and regulatory dialogue, using its response to crisis conditions as a test of its aims and abilities. As such, its main conclusion is that competition policy acts as a forum for debate as to the direction of the European integration project, while competition law can serve as a tool for aiding in the implementation of broader policy objectives. The analysis here explores the role of the general economic context in the application of competition law, the existence of identifiable baselines applicable in crisis conditions, the ability and role of national competition authorities in applying competition law, and the ways in which the European Commission’s overarching policy goals can influence the application of competition law. The decision to take an empirical approach to this research project stems from a conviction that an investigation into the real world situations faced by firms and consumers should underpin the evaluation of the applicable legal rules. Over the past number of years, the Commission has exerted more and more influence over the development of the regional and global airline industry, and this book identifies the emergence of an apparent overarching aim on the part of the Commission to create a market with a handful of ultra-competitive airlines with international reach serviced by an array of smaller feeder airlines on a regional basis. The study of Irish beef processing, on the other hand, identifies a high level of government involvement in providing the strategic thinking behind a crisis cartel scheme, and then demonstrates how the economic context exerted considerably more pressure on the government and the national court than on the competition authorities involved.

Author : Kankaew, Kannapat
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-27
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9781668446171

Get Book

Global Air Transport Management and Reshaping Business Models for the New Era by Kankaew, Kannapat Pdf

The air transport industry is highly vulnerable to environmental changes as was seen when the recent COVID-19 pandemic caused most airline operations to cease. However, for decades airlines have been collapsing around the globe as the business of managing airline operations has become stressed due to price competition. This is detrimental to air carriers since air transport products and services are the same. Moreover, it impacts other industries such as tourism, hotels, and restaurants, which contribute to the derailment of economic and social activities. Thus, it is essential to determine new practices and strategies that can allow air transport management to be enriched and to flourish. Global Air Transport Management and Reshaping Business Models for the New Era provides a comprehensive collection of knowledge on the new era of business management on air transport. It provides strategies, technologies, and tools used in the reshaping of the air transport business model. Covering topics such as customer experience, robotic process automation, and airline alliances, this major reference work is an essential resource for airline managers, supply chain specialists, air transport managers, students and faculty of higher education, libraries, researchers, economists, government officials, and academicians.

Author : Jan Walulik
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 2 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1304241205

Get Book

Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport by Jan Walulik Pdf

Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport addresses the timely and problematic issue of lack of uniformity in legal standards for international civil aviation.First, it focuses on discrepancies within the regulatory and antitrust framework and possible solutions thereto. Possible strategies for multilateralisation and defragmentation of air law are discussed, including those within the ICAO and WTO systems, as well as privatisation, trans-national cooperation and consolidation between airlines.This is followed by a debate on international harmonisation of air policy and economic regulation with competition law and policy. This part deliberates on the peculiarities of the latter framework, such as 'extraterritorial' application (effects doctrine) and antitrust immunities. Specific legal problems concerning airline alliance activities are also addressed, such as code-sharing, leasing, franchising and common branding, as well as metal-neutral joint ventures and real air carrier mergers. The discussion extends to competition and possible conflicts between air transport law and other legal regimes, including space law, environmental law (carbon offsetting schemes) and labour law, which are relevant to aviation and growing aerospace activities. The study also contributes to some specific regulatory problems, such as possible regulation of space tourism under air law, airline ownership and control, balance between aviation safety and airline liberalisation, development of regional liberalisation initiatives and solutions to eliminate air connectivity gaps.The unique feature of the book is that it reconciles distinct perspectives on these issues presented by renowned aviation and aerospace experts who represent world's key air transport markets and air law academic centres.