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Author : Garry J. Schinasi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Budget
ISBN : IND:30000105803047
Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Ruud A. de Mooij,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Michael Keen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-09-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513567754
The sizeable increase in income inequality experienced in advanced economies and many parts of the world since the 1990s and the severe consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have brought distributional issues to the top of the policy agenda. The challenge for many governments is to address concerns over rising inequality while simultaneously promoting economic efficiency and more robust economic growth. The book delves into this discussion by analyzing fiscal policy and its link with inequality. Fiscal policy is the government’s most powerful tool for addressing inequality. It affects households ‘consumption directly (through taxes and transfers) and indirectly (via incentives for work and production and the provision of public goods and individual services such as education and health). An important message of the book is that growth and equity are not necessarily at odds; with the appropriate mix of policy instruments and careful policy design, countries can in many cases achieve better distributional outcomes and improve economic efficiency. Country studies (on the Netherlands, China, India, Republic of Congo, and Brazil) demonstrate the diversity of challenges across countries and their differing capacity to use fiscal policy for redistribution. The analysis presented in the book builds on and extends work done at the IMF, and also includes contributions from leading academics.
Author : Mr.Mark Scott Lutz,Mr.Garry J. Schinasi
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1991-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451851441
The concept of fiscal impulse is defined, discussed, and differentiated from measures that attempt to summarize the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy. Two methodologies are briefly discussed and their corresponding measures presented for the G-7 countries over the ten-year period ending in 1989. Controversies about the measure are highlighted and potential improvements are also discussed.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-04-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498344654
This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
Author : Vitor Gaspar,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Carlos Mulas-Granados
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-04-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475547900
Two main themes of the book are that (1) politics can distort optimal fiscal policy through elections and through political fragmentation, and (2) rules and institutions can attenuate the negative effects of this dynamic. The book has three parts: part 1 (9 chapters) outlines the problems; part 2 (6 chapters) outlines how institutions and fiscal rules can offer solutions; and part 3 (4 chapters) discusses how multilevel governance frameworks can help.
Author : Jonathan Edward Leightner
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
ISBN : 9814571881
Sixteen countries across the world - including the United States and many European nations - have fallen into economic crises since the late 1990s. In The Limits of Fiscal, Monetary, and Trade Policies: International Comparisons and Solutions, Jonathan E. Leightner convincingly argues that the fundamental cause of the global malaise is a surplus of savings. He provides compelling evidence (via statistical estimates) that fiscal, monetary, and trade policies cannot solve the resulting problems since their effectiveness has plummeted. Leightner also shows that the solution to the current global economic woes is a "consumption driven growth model" (which China advocates but has yet to fully implement) because when there is insufficient consumption, excess savings will remain idle, seek a return from rent or deception, or fund speculative bubbles.
Author : Mr.Mario Monti
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1989-06-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1557751188
Edited by Mario Monti, this volume contains the proceedings of a seminar that was held in Milan at the Centre for Financial and Monetary Economics, Universitá Luigi Bocconi. Participants included government officials, academicians, and economists; they provide a many-faceted view of fiscal policy at the domestic level and in the broader context of international policy coordination.
Author : Vito Tanzi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Economic policy
ISBN : IND:30000056794625
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1989-10-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451954937
This paper discusses recent empirical research on the interplay between fiscal policies and external imbalances in the G3 countries, focusing on the stock-flow dynamics of public and foreign deficits and debt accumulation.
Author : Mr.Mario I. Bléjer,Mr.Ke-young Chu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1989-06-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1557750343
Edited by Mario I. Blejer and Ke-young Chu, this book investigates linkages among components of the public sector, as well as between macro and micro aspects of fiscal policy, in developing countries. It presents 13 papers prepared by economists of the IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department.
Author : Mr.George Kopits,Mr.Steven A. Symansky
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1998-07-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1557757046
What are fiscal policy rules? What are the principal benefits and drawbacks associated with various fiscal rules, particularly compared with alternative approaches to fiscal adjustment? Can fiscal rules contribute to long-run sustainability and welfare without sacrificing short-run stabilization? If so, what characteristics of fiscal rules make this contribution most effective? And in what circumstances and contexts, if any should the IMF encourage its member countries to adopt fiscal rules? This paper seeks to identify sensible fiscal policy rules that can succeed, if chosen by a member country, as an alternative to descretionary fiscal rules.
Author : Mr.Vito Tanzi,Mr.Howell H. Zee
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1996-10-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451854121
This paper discusses in a systematic and comprehensive way the existing literature on the relationship between the growth of countries’ economies and various public finance instruments, such as tax policy, expenditure policy, and overall budgetary policy, from the perspectives of allocative efficiency, macroeconomic stability, and income distribution. It reviews both the conceptual linkages between each of the instruments and growth and the empirical evidence on such relationships. It broadly concludes that fiscal policy could play a fundamental role in affecting the long-run growth performance of countries.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498340458
This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging economies, the paper provides a unified assessment of tax and expenditure measures that have usually been addressed separately. The focus is on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment through aggregate demand effects. It also discusses policies to improve the matching of labor supply and demand, and the principles which should guide the design of country-specific fiscal reforms to boost employment. A comprehensive set of tables on fiscal policies and labor market outturns for advanced and emerging economies is provided, permitting cross-country comparisons to facilitate the design of reform strategies.
Author : Jacob A. Frenkel,Assaf Razin
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262561042
Covering a full array of topics in open economy macro and public economics, Fiscal Policies and Growth in the World Economy has been thoroughly revised and extended. The added material in this new edition includes stochastic rational-expectations extensions of the Mundell-Fleming model, the development of a dynamic-optimizing approach of the trade balance, and an entirely new part on issues of international economic convergence, which also contains a comprehensive policy overview. Other chapters have been updated or reorganized, and there is a brief guide to solving typical dynamic macro problems along with a printout of software suitable for numerical simulations. A companion diskette containing solutions in dynamic macro problems and some sample programs is available in GAUSS for IBM. The exercises and solutions manual by Krueger, Ostry, and Yuen has also been updated and extended. Fiscal Policies and Growth in the World Economy has been used successfully in graduate and senior undergraduate courses in international economics and public finance. The objective of this new edition remains the same as before: to treat the major topics in macro and public economics using both traditional and modern approaches. The traditional approach is first explained, from the simple income-expenditure model to the more advanced stochastic Mundell-Fleming model. The modern intertemporal approach is then presented, starting with the simple two-period model and extending it to a full-fledged dynamic model. Other sections review recent developments in the world economy; government spending, budget deficits, and differences across international taxation; and economic growth in the world economy, especially the convergence of income and growth levels across countries.
Author : Mr.Michael Kumhof,Huixin Bi
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2009-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451874310
We study the welfare properties of an economy where both monetary and fiscal policy follow simple rules, and where a subset of agents is borrowing constrained. The optimized fiscal rule is far more aggressive than automatic stabilizers, and stabilizes the income of borrowingconstrained agents, rather than output. The optimized monetary rule features super-inertia and a very low coefficient on inflation, which minimizes real wage volatility. The welfare gains of optimizing the fiscal rule are far larger than the welfare gains of optimizing the monetary rule. The preferred fiscal instruments are government spending and transfers targeted to borrowing-constrained agents.