International Trade And Policies For Genetically Modified Products

Author : Robert E. Evenson,V. Santaniello
Publisher : CABI
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781845931674

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International Trade and Policies for Genetically Modified Products by Robert E. Evenson,V. Santaniello Pdf

There are a number of controversial issues that surround agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified products. International trade and policies are at the forefront of these controversies. This book addresses these issues and has been developed from a meeting of the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research, held in Revello, Italy, in July 2004. It covers five themes: analytical studies; empirical trade studies; spillover dimensions; intellectual property rights; and applied general equilibrium trade models.

Author : Simonetta Zarrilli,United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Publisher : New York : United Nations
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCBK:C080720979

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International Trade in GMOs and GM Products by Simonetta Zarrilli,United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Pdf

This publication, one of a series of UNCTAD studies which discuss key international trade and development policy issues, focuses on the trade implications of the application of biotechnology techniques in agriculture and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products derived from them. Topics considered include: domestic legislation on agro-biotechnology in selected developed and developing countries; the multilateral legal framework, including the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; actual and potential GM-related trade disputes.

Author : Marie Kreipe
Publisher : Diplomica Verlag
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783842850132

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Genetically Modified Food by Marie Kreipe Pdf

The controversial issue of genetically modified (GM) food is discussed in this book. While the United States (US) is a strong supporter of GM technology having adopted a rather lax regulation of trade with GM products, the European Union (EU) is representing a sceptical position towards this new technology and has even imposed a de facto moratorium on further approval of GM products from 1998 to 2004. The purpose of this book is an extensive analysis of the current status on risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and a suggestion on how an appropriate regulation of GM products could be derived. Potential guidelines are provided for policy formulation both in a qualitative and in a quantitative dimension. The US is applying the principle of substantial equivalence, which means that GM products are in their substance identical to products produced by conventional methods. Therefore, no new regulations are necessary for the trade with GM products. In contrast, the European Union (EU) disagrees that GM products are equivalent to their conventional counterparts due to the different production process. Instead, the EU refers to the precautionary principle in its GMO policy, meaning that trade with GM products should be restricted until it will be proven that no additional risks are implied by the use of these products. The divergence of opinions about the right policy to regulate GM products has significant impacts on trade flows and welfare effects. The US and the EU have already tried to resolve their dispute before the World Trade Organization (WTO). Relevant laws of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the WTO are presented as well as indications for a potential consensus.

Author : R. Falkner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2006-11-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230598195

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The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food by R. Falkner Pdf

Genetically modified food is at the heart of a new global conflict over how to govern risky technologies in an era of globalization. This timely collection brings together experts from the fields of IR, environmental studies, trade and law to examine the sources of international friction and to explore the prospects for international co-operation.

Author : Guillaume P. Gruère
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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An Analysis of Trade Related International Regulations of Genetically Modified Food and their Effects on Developing Countries by Guillaume P. Gruère Pdf

Author : Stuart J. Smyth,William A. Kerr,Peter W. B Phillips
Publisher : Springer
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319532950

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Biotechnology Regulation and Trade by Stuart J. Smyth,William A. Kerr,Peter W. B Phillips Pdf

This book discusses the regulatory and trade challenges facing the global adoption of biotechnological products and offers strategies for overcoming these obstacles and moving towards greater global food security. The first section of the book establishes the context of the conflict, discussing the challenges of global governance, international trade, and the history of regulation of genetically modified (GM) crops. In this section, the authors emphasize the shift from exclusively science-based regulation to the more socio-economically focused framework established by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which was adopted in 2000. The second section of the book provides a snapshot of the current state of international GM crop adoption and regulation, highlighting the US, Canada, and the EU. The final section of the book identifies options for breaking the gridlock of regulation and trade that presently exist. This book adds to the current literature by providing new information about innovative agricultural technologies and encouraging debate by providing an alternative to the narratives espoused by environmental non-governmental organizations. This book will appeal to students of economics, political science, and policy analysis, as well as members of regulatory agencies and agricultural industry firms.

Author : Guillaume Gruère, Antoine Bouët, and Simon Mevel
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Genetically Modified Food and International Trade by Guillaume Gruère, Antoine Bouët, and Simon Mevel Pdf

Author : Kym Anderson,Richard Damania,Lee Ann Jackson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Genetically modified foods
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Trade, Standards, and the Political Economy of Genetically Modified Food by Kym Anderson,Richard Damania,Lee Ann Jackson Pdf

"Anderson, Damania, and Jackson develop a common-agency lobbying model to help understand why North America and the European Union have adopted such different policies toward genetically modified (GM) food. Their results show that when firms (in this case farmers) lobby policymakers to influence standards, and consumers and environmentalists care about the choice of standard, it is possible that increased competition from abroad can lead to strategic incentives to raise standards, not just lower them as shown in earlier models. The authors show that differences in comparative advantage in the adoption of GM crops may be sufficient to explain the trans-Atlantic difference in GM policies. On the one hand, farmers in a country with a comparative advantage in GM technology can gain a strategic cost advantage by lobbying for lax controls on GM production and use at home and abroad. On the other hand, when faced with greater competition, the optimal response of farmers in countries with a comparative disadvantage in GM adoption may be to lobby for more-stringent GM standards. So it is rational for producers in the European Union (whose relatively small farms would enjoy less gains from the new biotechnology than broad-acre American farms) to reject GM technology if that enables them and consumer and environmental lobbyists to argue for restraints on imports from GM-adopting countries. This theoretical proposition is supported by numerical results from a global general equilibrium model of GM adoption in America with and without an EU moratorium. This paper a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Groupis part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economic implications of standards and technology policies in a multilateral trading environment"--World Bank web site.

Author : Grant Isaac
Publisher : CABI
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2002-02-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 0851997007

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Agricultural Biotechnology and Transatlantic Trade by Grant Isaac Pdf

Genetically modified (GM) agricultural crops which are approved as safe in North America (Canada and the United States) are facing significant regulatory hurdles in gaining access to the European Union. The development and commercialization of GM crops illustrate a complex challenge facing trade diplomacy - the challenge of regulatory regionalism created by social regulatory barriers.

Author : Ramesh Chaitoo,Michael Hart,Centre for Trade Policy and Law
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Food
ISBN : 1896871194

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Labelling of Genetically Modified Products by Ramesh Chaitoo,Michael Hart,Centre for Trade Policy and Law Pdf

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2004-08-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264108783

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Biological Resource Management in Agriculture Challenges and Risks of Genetically Engineered Organisms by OECD Pdf

This book discusses the often diverging risks and opportunities associated with genetically engineered organisms in terms of the environment, food safety, and economics and trade.

Author : Luc Bodiguel,Michael Cardwell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199542482

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The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms by Luc Bodiguel,Michael Cardwell Pdf

The regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) continues to generate controversy. On the one hand, they are actively promoted by the biotechnology industry as vital to ensuring food security. Yet, on the other hand, consumer resistance persists, not least in the European Union, and such lack of confidence extends not just to GM food itself but also to the regulatory regime, where legal issues are inextricably linked with economics and politics. This edited collection provides a novel contribution to the ongoing debate, recognizing that the legislative environment is complicated by forces as varied as national public opinion and world trade commitments. The book is divided into four parts. The first of these addresses the influence in this context of both civil society and economic imperatives. The second part is directed more specifically to the measures that have been implemented in the European Union, considering multi-level governance, wider aspects of food law, co-existence with conventional and organic crops, and environmental liability. The third part is comparative in focus, with chapters covering the diverse regimes implemented in Africa, Australia, North America and South America. The book concludes with chapters on world trade and international considerations, including analysis of the Biotech case.

Author : Ricardo Melendez-Ortiz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136551048

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Trading in Genes by Ricardo Melendez-Ortiz Pdf

Few scientific developments have given rise to as much controversy as biotechnology. Numerous groups are united in their opposition, expressing concern over environmental and health risks, impacts on rural livelihoods, the economic dominance of multinational companies and the ethical implications of crossing species boundaries. Among the supporters of the technology are those that believe in its potential to enhance food security, further economic development, increase productivity and reduce environmental pressures. As a result, countries - and sectors within countries - find themselves at odds with each other while potential opportunities for development offered by the use of biotechnology are seized or missed, and related risks go unmanaged. This book, a unique interdisciplinary collection of perspectives from the developing world, examines the ongoing debate. Writing for the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, leading experts address issues such as diffusion of technology, intellectual property rights, the Cartagena Protocol, impacts of international trade, capacity building and biotechnology research and regulation. With the most recent and relevant examples from around the world, Trading in Genes offers the reader a single-volume overview of the connections between biotechnology, trade and sustainability that is both wide-ranging and thorough

Author : Mark A. Pollack,Gregory C. Shaffer
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780191568909

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When Cooperation Fails by Mark A. Pollack,Gregory C. Shaffer Pdf

The transatlantic dispute over genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has brought into conflict the United States and the European Union, two long-time allies and economically interdependent democracies with a long record of successful cooperation. Yet the dispute - pitting a largely acceptant US against an EU deeply suspicious of GMOs - has developed into one of the most bitter and intractable transatlantic and global conflicts, resisting efforts at negotiated resolution and resulting in a bitterly contested legal battle before the World Trade Organization. Professors Pollack and Shaffer investigate the obstacles to reconciling regulatory differences among nations through international cooperation, using the lens of the GMO dispute. The book addresses the dynamic interactions of domestic law and politics, transnational networks, international regimes, and global markets, through a theoretically grounded and empirically comprehensive analysis of the governance of GM foods and crops. They demonstrate that the deeply politicized, entrenched and path-dependent nature of the regulation of GMOs in the US and the EU has fundamentally shaped negotiations and decision-making at the international level, limiting the prospects for deliberation and providing incentives for both sides to engage in hard bargaining and to "shop" for favorable international forums. They then assess the impacts, and the limits, of international pressures on domestic US and European law, politics and business practice, which have remained strikingly resistant to change. International cooperation in areas like GMO regulation, the authors conclude, must overcome multiple obstacles, legal and political, domestic and international. Any effective response to this persistent dispute, they argue, must recognize both the obstacles to successful cooperation, and the options that remain for each side when cooperation fails.

Author : Gerald C. Nelson
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2001-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1493301675

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Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture: Economics and Politics by Gerald C. Nelson Pdf

Genetically modified crops have become a topic of great interest among scientists, regulators, consumers, farmers, and politicians. Despite their potential benefits, public hostility toward these crops is causing dramatic changes to import/export policies, food safety regulations, and agricultural practices around the world. Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and a balanced look at the costs and benefits of GMO products. Part I reviews the scientific, economic, and political issues relating to the use of agricultural GMOs. Chapters cover specific applications, regulatory concerns, import/export patterns, international trade issues, and a discussion of future trends. Part II offers a unique look at all sides of the GMO controversies, with short chapters contributed by leading individuals with widely different perspectives. Part III presents a more in-depth look at selected issues plus helpful reference materials. This book makes the latest information on GMOs accessible to all interested parties, including students, laypeople, scientists, activists, and professionals working in related fields. * Additional detailed footnotes and references for the academic * International contributions from the US, Europe and India * Covers the perspectives of different groups involved in the controversies: governments, environmental agencies, consumers, industrial agencies and the developing world