Intervening Against Bovine Trypanosomosis In Eastern Africa

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251097816

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Intervening against bovine trypanosomosis in eastern Africa by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Eastern Africa’s livestock keepers face many challenges, not least the widespread prevalence of endemic diseases which both undermine animals’ productivity and increase livestock mortality. Tsetse- transmitted trypanosomosis causes significant economic losses, in particular in cattle. This study analyses these losses in a spatially explicit framework for the six tsetse-infested countries of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) region: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. The cattle production systems of the region are diverse, ranging from pastoralism to agropastoralist and mixed crop-livestock farming. Some areas make extensive use of draught cattle or of high yielding crossbred dairy cows. Based on these features, twelve cattle production systems in the region were characterized and mapped. In these systems, the potential incomes from cattle production were modeled for a situation with and without trypanosomosis; the models looked at mortality, fertility, other productivity parameters and cattle population growth and expansion. The results of the analysis were used to generate a map of the potential benefits of controlling the disease. Estimates were then made of the costs of tsetse and trypanosomosis control using a range of techniques, namely: trypanocidal drugs; control or localized elimination of tsetse flies using insecticide-treated cattle or targets, aerial spraying and the sterile insect technique. The mapped potential benefits and mapped estimated costs were combined in order to produce a series of benefit-cost maps which illustrate what techniques are likely to be the most economically attractive in different areas of the study region. The suite of tools and economic analyses documented in this paper provide essential information to decision makers for comparing and prioritizing interventions in the region.

Author : Ilkka Leinonen
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-25
Category : Environmental sciences
ISBN : 9783038975526

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Environmentally Sustainable Livestock Production by Ilkka Leinonen Pdf

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Environmentally Sustainable Livestock Production" that was published in Sustainability

Author : Sebastian, Kate
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896298460

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Atlas of African agriculture research and development by Sebastian, Kate Pdf

The Atlas of African Agriculture Research & Development is a multifaceted resource that high­lights the ubiquitous nature of smallholder agriculture in Africa; the many factors shaping the location, nature, and performance of agricultural enterprises; and the strong interde­pendencies among farming, natural resource stocks and flows, rural infrastructure, and the well-being of the poor.

Author : Trabucco, Antonio,Zomer, Robert,Thornton, Philip K.,Koo, Jawoo,Chai, Yuan,Beddow, Jason,Robinson, Timothy,Cecchi, Giuliano,Wint, William,Mattioli, Raffaele,Shaw, Alexandra
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Drivers of Change by Trabucco, Antonio,Zomer, Robert,Thornton, Philip K.,Koo, Jawoo,Chai, Yuan,Beddow, Jason,Robinson, Timothy,Cecchi, Giuliano,Wint, William,Mattioli, Raffaele,Shaw, Alexandra Pdf

The Atlas of African Agriculture Research & Development is a multifaceted resource that high­lights the ubiquitous nature of smallholder agriculture in Africa; the many factors shaping the location, nature, and performance of agricultural enterprises; and the strong interde­pendencies among farming, natural resource stocks and flows, rural infrastructure, and the well-being of the poor.

Author : Orenge, Caleb Oburu
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781799864356

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Combating and Controlling Nagana and Tick-Borne Diseases in Livestock by Orenge, Caleb Oburu Pdf

African animal trypanosomosis (AAT), also called nagana, is a trans-boundary disease that has had an immense impact on cattle and is ranked among the top global cattle diseases. This and tick-borne diseases have caused major obstacles to sustainable livestock-based agricultural production and food security and are important factors in underdevelopment. Due to decreasing efficacy of available drugs, widespread trypanosome resistance, and the difficulty of sustaining other control measures, there is a need for alternative sustainable strategies to reduce the impact these diseases have on livestock. Combating and Controlling Nagana and Tick-Borne Diseases in Livestock provides the latest empirical research findings on the effects of African animal trypanosomiasis (nagana) and tick-borne disease infection in livestock, their impact on farmer livelihoods, and the measures that can be undertaken to mitigate negative effects and reduce the number of infections. While highlighting topic areas such as disease history and transmission, treatments, and the economic impacts, this book is essential for farmers, animal health and animal production professionals and practitioners, non-government organizations, researchers, academicians, and students working in fields that include but are not limited to agriculture, livestock production, environmental science, veterinary medicine, veterinary pathology, and epidemiology.

Author : Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino,Céline Cougoule,Etienne Meunier,Yoann Rombouts,Christel Vérollet,Luciana Balboa
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 790 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889630578

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The Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Infectious Disease by Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino,Céline Cougoule,Etienne Meunier,Yoann Rombouts,Christel Vérollet,Luciana Balboa Pdf

The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) of vertebrates is composed of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Together, they form part of the first line of immune defense against a variety of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses), and thus play an important role in maintaining organism homeostasis. The mode of transmission, type of replication and mechanism of disease-causing differ significantly for each pathogen, eliciting a unique immune response in the host. Within this context, the MPS acts as both the sentinel and tailor of the immune system. As sentinels, MPS cells are found in blood and within tissues throughout the body to patrol against pathogenic insult. The strategy to detect 'microbial non-self' relies on MPS to recognize conserved microbial products known as 'pathogen-associated molecular pattern' (PAMPs). PAMPs recognition represents a checkpoint in the response to pathogens and relies on conserved 'pattern recognition receptors' (PRRs). Upon PRR engagement, MPS mount a cell-autonomous attack that includes the internalization and compartmentalization of intracellular pathogens into toxic compartments that promote destruction. In parallel, MPS cells launch an inflammatory response composed of a cellular arm and soluble factors to control extracellular pathogens. In cases when innate immunity fails to eliminate the invading microbe, MPS serves as a tailor to generate adaptive immunity for pathogen eradication and generation of "memory" cells, thus ensuring enhanced protection against re-infection. Indeed, MPS cell functions comprise the capture, process, migration and delivery of antigenic information to lymphoid organs, where type-1 immunity is tailored against intracellular microbes and type-2 immunity against extracellular pathogens. However, this potent adaptive immunity is also a double-edge sword that can cause aberrant inflammatory disorders, like autoimmunity or chronic inflammation. For this reason, MPS also tailors tolerance immunity against unwanted inflammation. Successful clearance of the microbe results in its destruction and proper collection of debris, resolution of inflammation and tissue healing for which MPS is essential. Reciprocally, as part of the evolutionary process taking place in all organisms, microbes evolved strategies to circumvent the actions bestowed by MPS cells. Multiple pathogens modulate the differentiation, maturation and activation programs of the MPS, as an efficient strategy to avoid a dedicated immune response. Among the most common evasion strategies are the subversion of phagocytosis, inhibition of PRR-mediated immunity, resistance to intracellular killing by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, restriction of phagosome maturation, modulation of cellular metabolism and nutrient acquisition, regulation of cell death and autophagy, and modulation of pro-inflammatory responses and hijacking of tolerance mechanisms, among others. The tenet of this eBook is that a better understanding of MPS in infection will yield insights for development of therapeutics to enhance antimicrobial processes or dampen detrimental inflammation for the host's benefit. We believe that contributions to this topic will serve as a platform for discussion and debate about relevant issues and themes in this field. Our aim is to bring expert junior and senior scientists to address recent progress, highlight critical knowledge gaps, foment scientific exchange, and establish conceptual frameworks for future MPS investigation in the context of infectious disease.

Author : Satoshi Sekiguchi,Van Giap Nguyen,Anuwat Wiratsudakul
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889745180

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The Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Livestock by Satoshi Sekiguchi,Van Giap Nguyen,Anuwat Wiratsudakul Pdf

Author : Jakob Zinsstag,Esther Schelling,Lisa Crump,Maxine Whittaker,Marcel Tanner,Craig Stephen
Publisher : CABI
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789242577

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One Health, 2nd Edition by Jakob Zinsstag,Esther Schelling,Lisa Crump,Maxine Whittaker,Marcel Tanner,Craig Stephen Pdf

One Health, the concept of combined veterinary and human health, has now expanded beyond emerging infectious diseases and zoonoses to incorporate a wider suite of health issues. Retaining its interdisciplinary focus which combines theory with practice, this new edition illustrates the contribution of One Health collaborations to real-world issues such as sanitation, economics, food security and vaccination programmes. It includes more non-infectious disease issues and climate change discussion alongside revised case studies and expanded methodology chapters to draw out implications for practice. Promoting an action-based, solutions-oriented approach, One Health: The Theory and Practice of Integrated Health Approaches highlights the lessons learned for both human and animal health professionals and students.

Author : Shailesh Shrestha,Andrew Barnes,Bouda Vosough Ahmadi
Publisher : CABI
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780644288

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Farm-Level Modelling by Shailesh Shrestha,Andrew Barnes,Bouda Vosough Ahmadi Pdf

Agriculture is the product of a complex mixture of behavioural, biophysical and market drivers. Understanding how these factors interact to produce crops and livestock for food has been the focus of economic investigation for many years. The advent of optimisation algorithms and the exponential growth in computing technology has allowed significant growth in mathematical modelling of the dynamics of agricultural systems. The complexity of approaches has grown in parallel with the availability of data at increasingly finer resolutions. Farm-level models have been widely used in agricultural economic studies to understand how farmers and land owners respond to market and policy levers. This book provides an in-depth description of different methodologies and techniques currently used in farm-level modelling. While giving an overview of the theoretical grounding behind the models, an applied approach is also used. Case studies range from the application of modelling to policy reforms and the subsequent impacts on rural communities and food supply. This book also provides descriptions of the use of farm-level models in much wider fields such as aggregation and linking with sectoral models. Its purpose is to show the reader the methods that have been employed to inform decision-makers about how to improve the economic, social and environmental goals required to achieve the aims of multidimensional policy.

Author : Zeremariam Fre,Bereket Tsegay,Araya M. Teka,Nicole Kenton,John Livingstone
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000619638

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Social Protection, Pastoralism and Resilience in Ethiopia by Zeremariam Fre,Bereket Tsegay,Araya M. Teka,Nicole Kenton,John Livingstone Pdf

This book investigates the role of social protection amongst African pastoral and agro-pastoral communities, with a particular focus on Ethiopia. Based on rigorous empirical research, this book assesses the successes, failures, prospects and lessons learned from Africa’s largest social security intervention: Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme. It goes beyond an analysis of immediate impacts, exploring factors such as highland-lowland interactions, rural-urban linkages, economic diversification, the role of youth, indigenous safety nets and social capital. Special attention is given to gender-responsive social protection measures and to the circumstances brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the book demonstrates the value of indigenous knowledge systems and local institutions in contributing to the design of more effective safety net programmes and disaster responses and in helping people to build resilience and cope with shocks. At a time when social protection is gaining prominence in contemporary development discourse, this book will be of interest to development practitioners.

Author : Cornelis de Haan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464808395

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Prospects for Livestock-Based Livelihoods in Africa's Drylands by Cornelis de Haan Pdf

Prospects for Livestock-Based Livelihoods in Africa's Drylands examines the challenges and opportunities facing the livestock sector and the people who depend on livestock in the dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. It presents a novel way of thinking about pastoral development, grounded in a conceptual framework that focuses on the multiple shocks that drylands livestock keepers face and how those shocks can be addressed, drawing on a state-of-the-art literature review carried out by scientists of leading research institutes and development organizations, and integrating the results of an innovative approach to modeling development options for the drylands livestock sector. Looking to the future, the picture is mixed. On the positive side, demand for red meat is expected to strengthen in domestic and regional markets, suggesting that livestock keepers will have good market opportunities. On the negative side, a large majority of livestock keepers are classifi ed as poor, and the natural (feed) resource base is likely to be suffi cient to enable improved meat and milk production for the growing human population. Prospects for the livestock sector through 2030 vary by aridity zone. In arid and semi-arid zones, a reasonable goal for 2030 is to have land use, training, and microfi nance systems established that promote an appropriate balance between human and livestock carrying capacities, featuring mainly grassland/pastoral systems that reliably and sustainably satisfy the minimum income needs of herder households, produce at least a signifi cant part of the demand in local markets for animal source food, and provide environmental services for which livestock keepers receive compensation. The goal includes signifi cant employment generation outside the sector. In the higher rainfall zones of the semi-arid areas, and in the subhumid zones, a reasonable goal for 2030 is to have intensifi ed production systems established, featuring mainly mixed livestock/arable farming or agro-pastoral systems that are closely linked to nearby grassland/pastoral systems and that consistently generate marketable surpluses of differentiated red meat and livestock products that can compete not only in the expanding domestic market but also in selected regional markets.

Author : Mohammed Ali Al Abri,Olivier Hubert Hanotte,Younes Miar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832502853

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Phenotypic Characterization, Genetics and Genomics of Livestock in Low Input Systems by Mohammed Ali Al Abri,Olivier Hubert Hanotte,Younes Miar Pdf

Author : Victor A. Dyck,Jorge Hendrichs,A.S. Robinson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1493 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000377835

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Sterile Insect Technique by Victor A. Dyck,Jorge Hendrichs,A.S. Robinson Pdf

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly method of pest control that integrates well into area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programmes. This book takes a generic, thematic, comprehensive, and global approach in describing the principles and practice of the SIT. The strengths and weaknesses, and successes and failures, of the SIT are evaluated openly and fairly from a scientific perspective. The SIT is applicable to some major pests of plant-, animal-, and human-health importance, and criteria are provided to guide in the selection of pests appropriate for the SIT. In the second edition, all aspects of the SIT have been updated and the content considerably expanded. A great variety of subjects is covered, from the history of the SIT to improved prospects for its future application. The major chapters discuss the principles and technical components of applying sterile insects. The four main strategic options in using the SIT — suppression, containment, prevention, and eradication — with examples of each option are described in detail. Other chapters deal with supportive technologies, economic, environmental, and management considerations, and the socio-economic impact of AW-IPM programmes that integrate the SIT. In addition, this second edition includes six new chapters covering the latest developments in the technology: managing pathogens in insect mass-rearing, using symbionts and modern molecular technologies in support of the SIT, applying post-factory nutritional, hormonal, and semiochemical treatments, applying the SIT to eradicate outbreaks of invasive pests, and using the SIT against mosquito vectors of disease. This book will be useful reading for students in animal-, human-, and plant-health courses. The in-depth reviews of all aspects of the SIT and its integration into AW-IPM programmes, complete with extensive lists of scientific references, will be of great value to researchers, teachers, animal-, human-, and plant-health practitioners, and policy makers.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2022-04-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251360804

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The role of genetic resources for food and agriculture in adaptation to and mitigation of climate change by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

As the pace of climate change is increasing, it is more important than ever to conserve, characterize and sustainably use genetic resources for food and griculture. Over millennia farmers, livestock keepers, fisherfolk and forest dwellers have adapted their production systems to changing environmental conditions, relying on genetic resources for food and agriculture. However, these resources are still not receiving the attention they deserve given their enormous importance. The main focus of this study is the state of current use of genetic resources in climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts. Each chapter explores the impacts of climate change on genetic resources and also considers the significance of genetic resources to climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Author : Gábor Mészáros,Marco Milanesi,Paolo Ajmone Marsan,Yuri Tani Utsunomiya
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889669684

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Haplotype Analysis Applied to Livestock Genomics by Gábor Mészáros,Marco Milanesi,Paolo Ajmone Marsan,Yuri Tani Utsunomiya Pdf