Introduction To Cluster Dynamics

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Introduction to Cluster Dynamics

Paul-Gerhard Reinhard,Eric Suraud
Introduction to Cluster Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Paul-Gerhard Reinhard,Eric Suraud
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2008-07-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527621019

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Introduction to Cluster Dynamics by Paul-Gerhard Reinhard,Eric Suraud Pdf

Clusters as mesoscopic particles represent an intermediate state of matter between single atoms and solid material. The tendency to miniaturise technical objects requires knowledge about systems which contain a "small" number of atoms or molecules only. This is all the more true for dynamical aspects, particularly in relation to the qick development of laser technology and femtosecond spectroscopy. Here, for the first time is a highly qualitative introduction to cluster physics. With its emphasis on cluster dynamics, this will be vital to everyone involved in this interdisciplinary subject. The authors cover the dynamics of clusters on a broad level, including recent developments of femtosecond laser spectroscopy on the one hand and time-dependent density functional theory calculations on the other.

An Introduction to Cluster Science

Phuong Mai Dinh,Paul-Gerhard Reinhard,Eric Suraud
An Introduction to Cluster Science Book PDF

Author : Phuong Mai Dinh,Paul-Gerhard Reinhard,Eric Suraud
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-09-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527675708

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An Introduction to Cluster Science by Phuong Mai Dinh,Paul-Gerhard Reinhard,Eric Suraud Pdf

Filling the need for a solid textbook, this short primer in cluster science is ideal for a one-semester lecture for advanced undergraduate students. It is based on a series of lectures given by the well-established and recognized authors for the past ten years. The book covers both the basics of the domain as well as up-to-date developments. It can be divided roughly into two parts. The first three chapters introduce basic concepts of cluster science. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction, complemented by chapter 2 on experimental and chapter 3 on theoretical aspects. The second half of the book is devoted to a systematic presentation of free cluster properties, and to a thorough discussion of the impact of clusters in other domains of science. These explicitly worked-out links between cluster physics and other research areas are unique both in terms of fundamental aspects and of applications, and cannot be found elsewhere in the literature. Also suitable for researchers outside of the field looking for an introduction to cluster science.

Ionization and Plasma Dynamics of Single Large Xenon Clusters in Superintense XUV Pulses

Daniela Rupp
Ionization and Plasma Dynamics of Single Large Xenon Clusters in Superintense XUV Pulses Book PDF

Author : Daniela Rupp
Publisher : Springer
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319286495

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Ionization and Plasma Dynamics of Single Large Xenon Clusters in Superintense XUV Pulses by Daniela Rupp Pdf

At the heart of this thesis is the young field of free electron laser science, whose experimental and theoretical basics are described here in a comprehensible manner. Extremely bright and ultra short pulses from short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) have recently opened the path to new fields of research. The x-ray flashes transform all matter into highly excited plasma states within femtoseconds, while their high spatial and temporal resolution allows the study of fast processes in very small structures. Even imaging of single molecules may be within reach if ultrafast radiation damage can be understood and brought under control. Atomic clusters have proven to be ideal model systems for light-matter interaction studies in all wavelength regimes, being size scalable, easy-to-produce gas phase targets with a simple structure. With FELs, "single cluster imaging and simultaneous ion spectroscopy" makes possible experiments under extremely well defined initial conditions, because the size of the cluster and the FEL intensity can be extracted from the scattering images. For the first time large xenon clusters up to micron radius were generated. Their single cluster scattering images were analyzed for cluster morphology and traces of the ultrafast plasma built-up during the femtosecond FEL pulse. The simultaneously measured single cluster ion spectra yield unprecedented insight into the ion dynamics following the interaction. The results will feed both future experimental effort and theoretical modeling.

Cluster Dynamics in Transition Economies

Elona Karafili
Cluster Dynamics in Transition Economies Book PDF

Author : Elona Karafili
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030698423

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Cluster Dynamics in Transition Economies by Elona Karafili Pdf

This book analyses the effectiveness of policies adopted in cluster promotion, using complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography approaches. It studies cluster dynamics in transition economies, exploring the case of Albania. In developing countries, the ‘model’ of the developed countries, is often seen as the endpoint of a trajectory that must be followed meticulously, implying a view on modernization as a linear and uniform process. They tend to import policies from these ‘success models’ showing minimal regard to their context and institutional capabilities; therefore, more often than not, such policies show little effectiveness. This research on cluster policies in Albania confirms this. It suggests that in Albania there is a need to revise the way of thinking about clusters, considering them first and foremost as relational networks, instead of physically bound industrial districts. While there is questioning of top-down policies and the national innovation systems prerogative, the suggested model by this research, in line with some of the most recent policy frameworks, advocates the need for flexibility, bottom-up initiatives and place-based approaches. By means of conclusion, the book comes up with an alternative model of territorial policies for cluster development, shifting from ‘static’ towards ‘dynamic’ planning.

Introduction to Aerosol Modelling

David L. Topping,Michael Bane
Introduction to Aerosol Modelling Book PDF

Author : David L. Topping,Michael Bane
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119625711

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Introduction to Aerosol Modelling by David L. Topping,Michael Bane Pdf

INTRODUCTION TO AEROSOL MODELLING Introduction to Aerosol Modelling: From Theory to Code An aerosol particle is defined as a solid or liquid particle suspended in a carrier gas. Whilst we often treat scientific challenges in a siloed way, aerosol particles are of interest across many disciplines. For example, atmospheric aerosol particles are key determinants of air quality and climate change. Knowledge of aerosol physics and generation mechanisms is key to efficient fuel delivery and drug delivery to the lungs. Likewise, various manufacturing processes require optimal generation, delivery and removal of aerosol particles in a range of conditions. There is a natural tendency for the aerosol scientist to therefore work at the interface of the traditional academic subjects of physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and computing. The impacts that aerosol particles have are linked to their evolving chemical and physical characteristics. Likewise, the chemical and physical characteristic of aerosol particles reflect their sources and subsequent processes they have been subject to. Computational models are not only essential for constructing evidence-based understanding of important aerosol processes, but also to predict change and impact. Whilst existing textbooks provide an overview of theoretical frameworks on which aerosol models are based, there is a significant gap in reference material that provide training in translating theory into code. The purpose of this book is to provide readers with exactly that. In following the content provided in this book, you will be able to reproduce models of key processes that can either be used in isolation or brought together to construct a demonstrator 0D box-model of a coupled gaseous-particulate system. You may be reading this book as an undergraduate, postgraduate, seasoned researcher in the private/public sector or as someone who wishes to better understand the pathways to aerosol model development. Wherever you position yourself, it is hoped that the tools you will learn through this book will provide you with the basis to develop your own platforms and to ensure the next generation of aerosol modellers are equipped with foundational skills to address future challenges in aerosol science.

The Dynamics of Clusters and Innovation

Brigitte Preissl,Laura Solimene
The Dynamics of Clusters and Innovation Book PDF

Author : Brigitte Preissl,Laura Solimene
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642500114

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The Dynamics of Clusters and Innovation by Brigitte Preissl,Laura Solimene Pdf

Innovation is the motor of economic change. Over the last fifteen years, researches in innovation processes have emphasised the systemic features of innovation. Whilst innovation system analysis traditionally takes a static institutional approach, cluster analysis focuses on interaction and the dynamics of technology and innovation. First, the volume gives an overview of the different levels of analysis from which the innovation behaviour of firms has been observed in the past. The book then presents a distinct cluster approach as a useful and innovative tool to analyse the configuration and dynamics of networks of actors involved in innovative processes. This approach emphasises the possibilities of enhancing cluster benefits by introducing virtual links between cluster actors. Empirical evidence is provided for the automotive components and the telecommunication industries. By restricting the discussion to Germany and Italy, the authors are able to explore the role that national innovation systems play as a framework in which clusters operate.

Cluster Processes in Gases and Plasmas

Boris M. Smirnov
Cluster Processes in Gases and Plasmas Book PDF

Author : Boris M. Smirnov
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2009-12-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 3527628665

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Cluster Processes in Gases and Plasmas by Boris M. Smirnov Pdf

This reference on cluster physics in materials science draws upon the author's unrivalled experience in plasma science. He covers in detail electromagnetic effects, cluster motion and growth, as well as aerosols, providing the knowledge instrumental for an understanding of nanostructure formation. Around 400 case studies enable readers to directly relate the methods to their own individual tasks or projects.

Clustering Dynamics and the Location of High-Tech-Firms

Mario A. Maggioni
Clustering Dynamics and the Location of High Tech Firms Book PDF

Author : Mario A. Maggioni
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642574801

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Clustering Dynamics and the Location of High-Tech-Firms by Mario A. Maggioni Pdf

Across a line drawn from New York to Los Angeles, the level of cconomi

A Life Cycle for Clusters?

Kerstin Press
A Life Cycle for Clusters Book PDF

Author : Kerstin Press
Publisher : Physica
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2009-09-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 3790822426

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A Life Cycle for Clusters? by Kerstin Press Pdf

This book studies the determinants of cluster survival by analyzing their adaptability to change in the economic environment. Linking theoretic knowledge with empirical observations, a simulation model (based in the N/K method) is developed, which explains when and why the cluster's architecture assists or hampers adaptability. It is found that architectures with intermediate degrees of division of labor and more collective governance forms foster adaptability.

Unfolding Cluster Evolution

Fiorenza Belussi,Jose Luis Hervás-Oliver
Unfolding Cluster Evolution Book PDF

Author : Fiorenza Belussi,Jose Luis Hervás-Oliver
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317301837

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Unfolding Cluster Evolution by Fiorenza Belussi,Jose Luis Hervás-Oliver Pdf

Various theories have been put forward as to why business and industry develops in clusters and despite good work being carried out on path dependence and dynamics, this is still very much an emerging topic in the social sciences. To date, no overarching theoretical framework has been developed to show how clusters evolve. Unfolding Cluster Evolution aims to address this gap by presenting theoretical and empirical research on the geography of innovation. This contributed volume seeks to shed light on the understanding of clusters and its dynamic evolution. The book provides evidence to suggest that traditional perspectives from evolutionary economic geography need to be wedded to management thinking in order to reach this point. Bringing together thinking from a range of disciplines and countries across Europe, this book explores a wide range of topics from the capability approach, to network dynamics, to multinational corporations, to firm entry and exit and social capital. This book will be of interest to policy makers and students of urban studies, economic geography, and planning and development.

The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development

Arkebe Oqubay,Dean of the Institute of New Structural Economics and Professor and Honorary Dean National School of Development Justin Yifu Lin,Justin Yifu Lin
The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development Book PDF

Author : Arkebe Oqubay,Dean of the Institute of New Structural Economics and Professor and Honorary Dean National School of Development Justin Yifu Lin,Justin Yifu Lin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 1226 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198850434

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The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development by Arkebe Oqubay,Dean of the Institute of New Structural Economics and Professor and Honorary Dean National School of Development Justin Yifu Lin,Justin Yifu Lin Pdf

Industrialization supported by industrial hubs has been widely associated with structural transformation and catch-up. But while the direct economic benefits of industrial hubs are significant, their value lies first and foremost in their contribution as incubators of industrialization, production and technological capability, and innovation. The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the conceptual underpinnings, review empirical evidence of regions and economies, and extract pertinent lessons for policy reasearchers and practitioners on the key drivers of success and failure for industrial hubs. This Handbook illustrates the diverse and complex nature of industrial hubs and shows how they promote industrialization, economic structural transformation, and technological catch-up. It explores the implications of emerging issues and trends such as environmental protection and sustainability, technological advancement, shifts in the global economy, and urbanization.

On Clusters and Clustering

P.J. Reynolds
On Clusters and Clustering Book PDF

Author : P.J. Reynolds
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483297521

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On Clusters and Clustering by P.J. Reynolds Pdf

This book attempts to answer why there is so much interest in clusters. Clusters occur on all length scales, and as a result occur in a variety of fields. Clusters are interesting scientifically, but they also have important consequences technologically. The division of the book into three parts roughly separates the field into small, intermediate, and large-scale clusters. Small clusters are the regime of atomic and molecular physics and chemistry. The intermediate regime is the transitional regime, with its characteristics including the onset of bulk-like behavior, growth and aggregation, and the beginning of materials properties. Large-scale clusters reflect more condensed-matter and materials science aspects and it is in this regime that fractals make their most dramatic appearance. This well-integrated and pedagogical overview of the wide field of clusters in which both theoretical and experimental work is covered, will be of interest not only to students, advanced undergraduates and graduate students, but also to researchers in the various subfields surveyed.

Smart Structures

Vinod K. Wadhawan
Smart Structures Book PDF

Author : Vinod K. Wadhawan
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2007-10-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780191527999

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Smart Structures by Vinod K. Wadhawan Pdf

A structure is an assembly that serves an engineering function. A smart structure is one that serves this function smartly, i.e. by responding adaptively in a pre-designed useful and efficient manner to changing environmental conditions. Adaptive behaviour of one or more materials constituting a smart structure requires nonlinear response. This book describes the three main types of nonlinear-response materials: ferroic materials, soft materials, and nanostructured materials. Information processing by biological and artificial smart structures is also discussed. A smart structure typically has sensors, actuators, and a control system. Progress in all these aspects of smart structures has leant heavily on mimicking Nature, and the all-important notion in this context has been that of evolution. Artificial Darwinian and Lamarckian evolution holds the key to the development of truly smart structures. Modestly intelligent robots are already on the horizon. Projections about the low-cost availability of adequate computing power and memory size indicate that the future really belongs to smart structures. This book covers in a compact format the entire gamut of concepts relevant to smart structures. It should be of interest to a wide range of students and professionals in science and engineering.

Clusters of Galaxies

William R. Oegerle,Michael J. Fitchett,Laura Danly,Space Telescope Science Institute
Clusters of Galaxies Book PDF

Author : William R. Oegerle,Michael J. Fitchett,Laura Danly,Space Telescope Science Institute
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Galaxies
ISBN : 9780521384629

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Clusters of Galaxies by William R. Oegerle,Michael J. Fitchett,Laura Danly,Space Telescope Science Institute Pdf

Collected in this volume are the review papers from the Space Telescope Science Institute symposium on Clusters of Galaxies held in May 1989. Fifteen experts in the field have presented summaries of our current understanding of the formation and evolution of clusters and their constituent galaxies. Subjects covered include the existence and importance of subclustering, models of the evolution of clusters and the intracluster medium, the effect of the cluster environment on galaxies, observations of high redshift clusters, and the use of clusters as tracers of large scale structure. This book provides a timely focus for future observational and theoretical work on clusters of galaxies.

Particle Physics and the Universe

Lars Bergstr”m,Per Carlson,Claes Fransson
Particle Physics and the Universe Book PDF

Author : Lars Bergstr”m,Per Carlson,Claes Fransson
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789810244590

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Particle Physics and the Universe by Lars Bergstr”m,Per Carlson,Claes Fransson Pdf

It is generally felt in the cosmology and particle astrophysics community that we have just entered an era which later can only be looked back upon as a golden age. Thanks to the rapid technical development, with powerful new telescopes and other detectors taken into operation at an impressive rate, and the accompanying advancement of theoretical ideas, the picture of the past, present and future Universe is getting ever clearer. Some of the most exciting new findings and expected future developments are discussed in this invaluable volume. The topics covered include the physics of the early Universe and ultra-high energy processes. Emphasis is also put on neutrino physics and astrophysics, with the evidence for non-zero neutrino masses emerging from both solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos covered in great depth. Another field with interesting new results concerns the basic cosmological parameters, where both traditional methods and the potential of new ones, like deep supernova surveys and acoustic peak detections in the cosmic microwave background, are thoroughly discussed. Various aspects of the dark matter problem, such as gravitational lensing estimates of galaxy masses, cluster evolution and hot cluster electron distortions of the thermal microwave background spectrum, are also discussed, as are particle physics candidates of dark matter and methods to detect them. Cosmic rays of matter and antimatter are included as a topic, and so is the problem of the enigmatic dark energy of the vacuum.