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Author : Jeffrey Weeks
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780745678351
This is an important intervention in debates on the family and sexuality, exploring clashes over sexual values and contemporary sexual dilemmas such as AIDS.
Author : Richard Joyce
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2007-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262263252
Moral thinking pervades our practical lives, but where did this way of thinking come from, and what purpose does it serve? Is it to be explained by environmental pressures on our ancestors a million years ago, or is it a cultural invention of more recent origin? In The Evolution of Morality, Richard Joyce takes up these controversial questions, finding that the evidence supports an innate basis to human morality. As a moral philosopher, Joyce is interested in whether any implications follow from this hypothesis. Might the fact that the human brain has been biologically prepared by natural selection to engage in moral judgment serve in some sense to vindicate this way of thinking—staving off the threat of moral skepticism, or even undergirding some version of moral realism? Or if morality has an adaptive explanation in genetic terms—if it is, as Joyce writes, "just something that helped our ancestors make more babies"—might such an explanation actually undermine morality's central role in our lives? He carefully examines both the evolutionary "vindication of morality" and the evolutionary "debunking of morality," considering the skeptical view more seriously than have others who have treated the subject. Interdisciplinary and combining the latest results from the empirical sciences with philosophical discussion, The Evolution of Morality is one of the few books in this area written from the perspective of moral philosophy. Concise and without technical jargon, the arguments are rigorous but accessible to readers from different academic backgrounds. Joyce discusses complex issues in plain language while advocating subtle and sometimes radical views. The Evolution of Morality lays the philosophical foundations for further research into the biological understanding of human morality.
Author : Nicholas Hookway
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317138303
Winner of the 2020 Stephen Crook Memorial Prize fromThe Australian Sociological Association, a biennial prize for the best authored book in Australian sociology From concerns of dwindling care and kindness for others to an excessive concern with self and consumerism, plenty of evidence has been provided for the claim that morality is in decline in the West, yet little is known about how people make-sense of and experience their everyday moral lives. This insightful book asks how late-modern subjects construct, understand and experience morality in a context of moral uncertainty. With a focus on two areas of morality and human conduct – love and intimacy, and the human treatment of animals – the author draws on the work of Bauman, Ahmed, Irigaray, Foucault and Taylor to construct an innovative theoretical synthesis, which is combined with new empirical material drawn from online diaries or blogs to examine the complex and intriguing ways that contemporary subjects narrate and experience everyday moral-decision-making. Providing theoretical and empirical insights into the contemporary production of morality and selfhood in late-modernity, Everyday Moralities sheds new light on the ways in which people morally navigate a changing social world and advances sociology beyond models of narcissism, moral loss and community breakdown. As such, it makes an important contribution to an underdeveloped area of the discipline, explicitly addressing the everyday ways morality is lived and practised in a climate of moral ambiguity.
Author : Jeremy Bentham
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1879
Category : Civil law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105004425810
Discusses morals' functions and natures that affect the legislation in general. Bases the discussions on pain and pleasure as basic principle of law embodiment. Mentions of the circumstance influencing sensibility, general human actions, intentionality, conciousness, motives, human dispositions, consequencess of mischievous act, case of punishment, and offences' division.
Author : Jerome B. Schneewind
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 652 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 052147938X
This remarkable book is the most comprehensive study ever written of the history of moral philosophy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Its aim is to set Kant's still influential ethics in its historical context by showing in detail what the central questions in moral philosophy were for him and how he arrived at his own distinctive ethical views. The book is organised into four main sections, each exploring moral philosophy by discussing the work of many influential philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In an epilogue the author discusses Kant's view of his own historicity, and of the aims of moral philosophy. In its range, in its analyses of many philosophers not discussed elsewhere, and in revealing the subtle interweaving of religious and political thought with moral philosophy, this is an unprecedented account of the evolution of Kant's ethics.
Author : William Edward Hartpole Lecky
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1870
Category : Ethics
ISBN : UOM:39015070459105
Author : Bernard Gert
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Ethics
ISBN : 9780195122565
In this final revision of the classic work, the author has produced the fullest and most sophisticated account of this influential theoretical model. Here, he makes clear that morality is an informal system that does not provide unique answers to every moral question but does always limit the range of morally acceptable options, and so explains why some moral disagreements cannot be resolved. The importance placed on the moral ideals also makes clear that the moral rules are only one part of the moral system. A chapter that is devoted to justifying violations of the rules illustrates how the moral rules are embedded in the system and cannot be adequately understood independently of it. The chapter on reasons includes a new account of what makes one reason better than another and elucidates the complex hybrid nature of rationality.
Author : Philip Cook,Jonathan Seglow
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134907922
Citizenship is a central concept in political philosophy, bridging theory and practice and marking out those who belong and who share a common civic status. The injustices suffered by immigrants, disabled people, the economically inactive and others have been extensively catalogued, but their disadvantages have generally been conceptualised in social and/or economic terms, less commonly in terms of their status as members of the polity and hardly ever together, as a group. This volume seeks to investigate the partial citizenship which these groups share and in doing so to reflect upon civic marginalisation as a distinct kind of normative wrong. For example, it is not often considered that children, though their lack of civic and political rights are marginal citizens and thus have something in common with other marginalised groups. Each of the book’s chapters explores some theoretical or practical aspect of marginal citizenship, and the volume as a whole engages with pressing debates in law and political theory, such as the limits of democratic inclusion, the character of social justice, the integration of migrants, and the enfranchisement of prisoners and children. This book was published as a special issue of the Critical Review of Social and Political Philosophy.
Author : Jeremy Bentham
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1823
Category : Crime
ISBN : OXFORD:300150518
Bentham's treatise on the foundations of law and government.
Author : Paul Ziff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2004-03-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1402018916
This is the final work of the distinguished philosopher Paul Ziff, whose earlier books include Understanding Understanding, Philosophical Turnings, and Semantic Analysis. It is carefully crafted and written in numbered paragraphs rather than chapters, in style of the later Wittgenstein. The work concerns morality, rationality, symbolism and imagery. In the words of the author: "The primary thesis of this essay is that, although there are many different and conflicting moralities, both here in America and throughout the world, some of them can be criticized and rejected on rational grounds. There are other moralities that one can personally reject, but they cannot be criticized on rational grounds. The same is true of the various values and priorities that different people have. Some are open to criticism on rational grounds; others are not open to such criticism." His conclusion is: "Symbolism and imagery constitute the real and only basis of the moralities that I have endeavored to characterize here, my own morality and that of others. But the most fundamental image of all of my morality is that which is created by an appreciation of life, all life."
Author : Kenneth Lux
Publisher : Shambhala Publications
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105034791033
Adam Smith saw self-interest as the driving motivation of human affairs. Lux traces the failure of societies based on self-interest, from the misery of Charles Dicken's England, through the Great Depression, to the culture of narcissism of the past decade. He shows how Smith, and the economists who followed him, made a fundamental mistake: self-interest by itself leads to social strife, ecological damage, and the abuse of power. By recognizing Smith's mistake, we as a society can move forward to a time when benevalence rather than greed becomes the economic motivation of our society.
Author : Mary Maxwell
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1990-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0791403491
Morality among Nations, a rejoinder to Hans Morgenthau's Politics among Nations, offers a pathbreaking synthesis of sociobiology and international relations theory. It shows that two different moralities evolved in human pre-history--one, the "standard morality" from which abstract ethical principles arise concerning such things as obligation and justice; and the other, "group morality" or the proclamation of the group's right to survive and its superiority over other groups. Part One surveys the philosophical literature on the question of international morality, introducing arguments offered by both classical theorists such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Grotius, as well as twentieth century writers such as Reinhold Niebuhr, Hedley Bull, Richard Falk, and Charles Beitz. Part Two presents the relevant sociobiological theories focusing on Robert Trivers' work on the evolution of moral emotions, and Richard Alexander's and Pierre van den Berghe's work on the evolution of group behavior and ethnocentrism. Part Three analyzes the traditional philosophical work on international morality in light of new sociobiological ideas.
Author : Corbin Fowler
Publisher : Rodopi
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Ethics
ISBN : 9051839243
This book defends morality against the critiques of egoims, subjectivism, and relativism. It argues that we can and should construe some moral standards as objective and that justice and self-development are the cornerstones of healthy morality. Opening with a dialogue meant to tease and provoke the reader, the book's subsequent chapters treat misconceptions about morality, the possibility of unselfish action, the nature of free will and moral responsibility, and the identity of moral right and wrong.
Author : Victor J. Seidler
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780857713940
This is one of the first textbooks to try to set the entire discipline of Jewish philosophy in its proper cultural and historical contexts. In so doing, it introduces the vibrant Jewish philosophical tradition to students while also making a significant contribution to inter-religious dialogue. Victor J Seidler argues that the dominant Platonic tradition in the West has led to a form of cultural ethics which asserts false superiority in its relationships with others. He offers a critical reappraisal of the philosophical underpinnings of this western Christian culture which for so long has viewed Judaism with hostility. Examining the work of seminal Jewish thinkers such as Philo, Buber, Mendelsohn, Herman Cohen, Leo Baeck, Levinas, Rosenzweig and others, the author argues for a code of ethics which prioritises particular and personal moral responsibility rather than the impersonal and universal emphases of the Greek tradition. His provocative and original overview of Jewish philosophy uncovers a vital and neglected tradition of thought which works against the likelihood of a Holocaust recurring.
Author : Richard Schacht
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1994-06-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0520083180
Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morals has become a prominent text of recent Western philosophy. An influence on psychoanalysis, antihistoricism, and poststructuralism and an abiding challenge to ethical theory, the philosopher's book addressed many of the major philosophical problems and possibilities of modernity. In this collection of essays focusing on Nietzsche's book, twenty-five philosophers offer discussions of the book's central themes and concepts. They explore such notions as ressentiment, asceticism, "slave" and "master" moralities, and what Nietzsche calls "genealogy" and its relation to other forms of inquiry in his work.
