Investigating The Human Brainstem With Structural And Functional Mri

Author : Florian Beissner, Simon Baudrexel
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 93 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-30
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
ISBN : 9782889192472

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Investigating the human brainstem with structural and functional MRI by Florian Beissner, Simon Baudrexel Pdf

The brainstem is one of the least understood parts of the human brain despite its prime importance for the maintenance of basic vital functions. Owing to its role as a relay station between spinal cord, cerebellum and neocortex, the brainstem contains vital nodes of all functional systems in the central nervous system, including the visual, auditory, gustatory, vestibular, somatic and visceral senses, and the somatomotor as well as autonomic nervous systems. While the brainstem has been extensively studied in animals using invasive methods, human studies remain scarce. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive and widely available method is one possibility to access the brainstem in humans and measure its structure as well as function. The close vicinity of the brainstem to large arteries and ventricles and the small size of the anatomical structures, however, place high demands on imaging as well as data analysis methods. Nevertheless, the field of brainstem-(f)MRI has significantly advanced in the past few years, largely due to the development of several new tools that facilitate studying this critical part of the human brain. Within this scope, the goal of this Research Topic is to compile work representing the state of the art in functional and structural MRI of the human brainstem.

Author : Thomas P. Naidich,Henri M. Duvernoy,Bradley N. Delman,A. Gregory Sorensen,Spyros S. Kollias,E. Mark Haacke
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 872 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-06-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783211739716

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Duvernoy's Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum by Thomas P. Naidich,Henri M. Duvernoy,Bradley N. Delman,A. Gregory Sorensen,Spyros S. Kollias,E. Mark Haacke Pdf

This atlas instills a solid knowledge of anatomy by correlating thin-section brain anatomy with corresponding clinical magnetic resonance images in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The authors correlate advanced neuromelanin imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor tractography with clinical 3 and 4 T MRI. Each brain stem region is then analyzed with 9.4 T MRI to show the anatomy of the medulla, pons, midbrain, and portions of the diencephalonin with an in-plane resolution comparable to myelin- and Nissl-stained light microscopy. The book’s carefully organized diagrams and images teach with a minimum of text.

Author : Luca Saba
Publisher : Springer
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319480466

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Neuroimaging of Pain by Luca Saba Pdf

Authored by world renowned scientists, this book expertly reviews all the imaging techniques and exciting new methods for the analysis of the pain, including novel tracers, biomarker, metabolomic and gene-array profiling, together with cellular, genetic, and molecular approaches. Recent advances in human brain imaging techniques have allowed a better understand of the functional connectivity in pain pathways, as well as the functional and anatomical alterations that occur in chronic pain patients. Modern imaging techniques have permitted rapid progress in the understanding of networks in the brain related to pain processing and those related to different types of pain modulation. Neuroimaging of Pain is designed to be a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists, working in hospitals and universities from junior trainees to consultants.

Author : Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny,David Burke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 666 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2006-05-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780511124167

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The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord by Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny,David Burke Pdf

Surveys the control of human spinal cord circuits, in normal movement and in disease states.

Author : Lawrence Kruger,Alan R Light
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009-11-24
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781439812105

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Translational Pain Research by Lawrence Kruger,Alan R Light Pdf

One of the Most Rapidly Advancing Fields in Modern Neuroscience The success of molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized pain research and its translation to therapeutic effectiveness. Bringing together recent advances in modern neuroscience regarding genetic studies in mice and humans and the practical

Author : George Paxinos,Xu-Feng Huang
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080925219

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Atlas of the Human Brainstem by George Paxinos,Xu-Feng Huang Pdf

Work on the human brainstem has been impeded by the unavailability of a comprehensive diagrammatic and photographic atlas. In the authors' preliminary work on the morphology of the human brainstem (The Human Nervous System, 1990), Paxinos et al demonstrated that it is possible to use chemoarchitecture to establish a number of human homologs in structures known to exist in the rat, the most extensively studied species. Now, with the first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years, the authors present an accurate, comprehensive, and convenient reference for students, researchers, and pathologists. Key Features * The first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years * Delineated as accurately as The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Second Edition (Paxinos/Watson, 1986), the most cited book in neuroscience * Based on a single brain from a 59-year-old male with no medical history of neurological or psychiatric illness * Represents all areas of the medulla, pons, and midbrain in the plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the brainstem * Consists of 64 plates and 64 accompanying diagrams with an interplate distance of half a millimeter * The photographs are of Nissl and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stained sections at alternate levels * Establishes systematically the human homologs to nuclei identified in the brainstem of the rat Reviewed by leading neuroanatomists * An accurate and convenient guide for students, researchers, and pathologists

Author : Donald W. Pfaff,Nora D. Volkow
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1493934732

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Neuroscience in the 21st Century by Donald W. Pfaff,Nora D. Volkow Pdf

Edited and authored by a wealth of international experts in neuroscience and related disciplines, this key new resource aims to offer medical students and graduate researchers around the world a comprehensive introduction and overview of modern neuroscience. Neuroscience research is certain to prove a vital element in combating mental illness in its various incarnations, a strategic battleground in the future of medicine, as the prevalence of mental disorders is becoming better understood each year. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by mental, behavioral, neurological and substance use disorders. The World Health Organization estimated in 2002 that 154 million people globally suffer from depression and 25 million people from schizophrenia; 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by drug use disorders. A more recent WHO report shows that 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million from Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Because neuroscience takes the etiology of disease—the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors—as its object of inquiry, it is increasingly valuable in understanding an array of medical conditions. A recent report by the United States’ Surgeon General cites several such diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, early-onset depression, autism, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder, among many others. Not only is this volume a boon to those wishing to understand the future of neuroscience, it also aims to encourage the initiation of neuroscience programs in developing countries, featuring as it does an appendix full of advice on how to develop such programs. With broad coverage of both basic science and clinical issues, comprising around 150 chapters from a diversity of international authors and including complementary video components, Neuroscience in the 21st Century in its second edition serves as a comprehensive resource to students and researchers alike.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2000-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309069885

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From Neurons to Neighborhoods by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development Pdf

How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Author : Judith M. Rumsey,Monique Ernst
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2009-02-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139476751

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Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience by Judith M. Rumsey,Monique Ernst Pdf

Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.

Author : Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny,David Burke
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 631 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-04-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521192583

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The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord by Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny,David Burke Pdf

A comprehensive review of the corticospinal and spinal contributions to the control of movement in human subjects.

Author : Pierre-Marie Robitaille,Lawrence Berliner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780387496481

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Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Pierre-Marie Robitaille,Lawrence Berliner Pdf

The foundation for understanding the function and dynamics of biological systems is not only knowledge of their structure, but the new methodologies and applications used to determine that structure. This volume in Biological Magnetic Resonance emphasizes the methods that involve Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It will interest researchers working in the field of imaging.

Author : M. Filippi,G. Comi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9788847022348

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Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis by M. Filippi,G. Comi Pdf

"Why are there no effective treatments for my condition? Why do researchers exclude patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis from enrolling in clinical trials? Please let me know if you hear of studies that I might be allowed to enter or treatments that I could try for my condition. " Thus, in recent years, the sad lament of the patient with primary progressive MS (PPMS). This variant, often in the guise of a chronic progressive myelopathy or, less commonly, progressive cerebellar or bulbar dysfunction, usually responds poorly to corticosteroids and rarely seems to benefit to a significant degree from intensive immunosuppressive treatments. In recent years, most randomized clin ical trials have excluded PPMS patients on two counts. Clinical worsening devel ops slowly in PPMS and may not be recognized during the course of a 2-or 3-year trial even in untreated control patients. This factor alone adds to the potential for a type 2 error or, at the very least, inflates the sample size and duration of the trial. In addition, there is mounting evidence that progressive axonal degeneration and neuronal loss (rather than active, recurrent inflammation) may be important components of the pathology in this form of the disease. Although contemporary trials are evaluating whether PPMS patients may benefit from treatment with the ~-interferons and glatiramer acetate, preliminary, uncontrolled clinical experi ence suggests that the results may not be dramatic.

Author : Annabel Joan Cohen,Xuejing Lu,Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832540695

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Perspectives on Music and Pain: from evidence to theory and application by Annabel Joan Cohen,Xuejing Lu,Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal Pdf

Author : Julien Cohen-Adad,Claudia Wheeler-Kingshott
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780123972828

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Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord by Julien Cohen-Adad,Claudia Wheeler-Kingshott Pdf

Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord is the first book focused on quantitative MRI techniques with specific application to the human spinal cord. This work includes coverage of diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, relaxometry, functional MRI, and spectroscopy. Although these methods have been successfully used in the brain for the past 20 years, their application in the spinal cord remains problematic due to important acquisition challenges (such as small cross-sectional size, motion, and susceptibility artifacts). To date, there is no consensus on how to apply these techniques; this book reviews and synthesizes state-of-the-art methods so users can successfully apply them to the spinal cord. Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord introduces the theory behind each quantitative technique, reviews each theory’s applications in the human spinal cord and describes its pros and cons, and suggests a simple protocol for applying each quantitative technique to the spinal cord. Chapters authored by international experts in the field of MRI of the spinal cord Contains “cooking recipes —examples of imaging parameters for each quantitative technique—designed to aid researchers and clinicians in using them in practice Ideal for clinical settings

Author : Ch.W. Sensen,Benedikt Hallgrimsson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-12-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540689935

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Advanced Imaging in Biology and Medicine by Ch.W. Sensen,Benedikt Hallgrimsson Pdf

A picture says more than a thousand words. This is something that we all know to be true. Imaging has been important since the early days of medicine and bi- ogy, as seen in the anatomical studies of Leonardo Da Vinci or Andreas Vesalius. More than 100 years ago, the ?rst noninvasive imaging technologies, such as K- rad Roentgen’s X-ray technology,were applied to the medical ?eld—and while still crude—revolutionized medical diagnosis. Today, every patient will be exposed to some kind of advanced imaging technology such as medical resonance imaging, computed tomography or four-dimensional ultrasound during their lifetime. Many diseases, such as brain tumors, are initially diagnosed solely by imaging, and most of the surgical planning relies on the patient imagery. 4D ultrasound is available to expecting parents who wish to create unique early memories of the new baby, and it may soon be used for the morphometric diagnosis of malformations that may one day be treatable—inutero! Light and electron microscopy are unequal brethren, which have contributed to most of our knowledge about the existence and organization of cells, tissues and microorganisms. Every student of biology or medicine is introduced to the fascinating images of the microcosm. New advances have converted these im- ing technologies, which were considered by many to be antiquated, into powerful tools for research in systems biology and related ?elds.