Investment Climate Growth And Poverty

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Investment Climate, Growth, and Poverty

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105115133535

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Investment Climate, Growth, and Poverty by World Bank Pdf

This year, the workshop examined the conceptual foundation of the workshop sessions by discussing the definition of equity itself. What do we mean by equity, and how does equity differ from equality? Whereas equity is commonly associated positively with impartiality and justice, economists understand equality as an idealistic and unattainable goal often linked to socialism and communism. The terminological twins equity/equality, however, can be conceptualized in highly diverging ways with different consequences for development strategy. The discussions throughout the workshop mirror the controversial positions of international discourse on the topic. Through the varying dimensions of these terms, discussions focused on the different responsibilities for political action such terms entail. For example, whereas equality in outcome implies an egalitarian perspective, economic studies on inequality in outcome mostly take into account the results of actions and conditions such as unequal incomes. Session I, on what is equity, and, what is the role for governments in the promotion of equity, further discussed how does this role differ between developed and developing countries. Nonetheless, it was suggested that before operationalizing and measuring inequity, the concept itself has to be clarified, and, further arguments indicated that one future challenge for development policy is precisely to combine growth-promoting policies with policies that assure that the poor can fully participate in the opportunities that growth offers. Session II, on equity-enhancing social transformation and historical evidence from European and Transition Countries, focus on policies that impact equity. Session III, on building efficient welfare states and lessons learnt, discussed the task of formulating policies that foster both efficiency and equitable social welfare, while Session IV, on international inequalities and what can be done to reduce them, focuses on the global level, contrary to Session III which concentrated on equity issues at the national level. Finally, Session V, on what will greater integration mean for inequalities between and within the richer and poorer countries of the New Europe, draws a very differentiated picture. Conclusions outlined key issues that need to be addressed, noting the importance of carefully analyzing different redistributive instruments with respect to their effects on growth and efficiency, and vice versa.

Investment Climate, Growth, and Poverty

Author : Gudrun Kochendörfer-Lucius,Boris Pleskovi?,World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0821359576

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Investment Climate, Growth, and Poverty by Gudrun Kochendörfer-Lucius,Boris Pleskovi?,World Bank Pdf

Investment Climate, Growth, and Poverty

Author : Gudrun Kochendörfer-Lucius,Boris Pleskovic
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : OCLC:936633145

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Investment Climate, Growth, and Poverty by Gudrun Kochendörfer-Lucius,Boris Pleskovic Pdf

World Development Report 2005

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 9780821356821

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World Development Report 2005 by World Bank Pdf

Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from microenterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to fund health, education, and other services. Their contribution depends largely on the way governments shape the investment climate in each location-through the protection of property rights, regulation and taxation, strategies for providing infrastructure, interventions in finance and labor markets, and broader governance features such as corruption. The World Development Report 2005 argues that improving the investment climates of their societies should be a top priority for governments. Drawing on surveys of nearly 30,000 firms in 53 developing countries, country case studies, and other new research, the Report explores questions such as: What are the key features of a good investment climate, and how do they influence growth and poverty? What can governments do to improve their investment climates, and how can they go about tackling such a broad agenda? What has been learned about good practice in each of the main areas of the investment climate? What role might selective interventions and international arrangements play in improving the investment climate? What can the international community do to help developing countries improve the investment climates of their societies? In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Bank's new program of Investment Climate Surveys, the Bank's Doing Business Project, and World Development Indicators 2004-an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.

Investment Climate, Growth, and Poverty

Author : Boris Pleskovic,Gudrun Kochendörfer-Lucius
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : OCLC:1045492579

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Investment Climate, Growth, and Poverty by Boris Pleskovic,Gudrun Kochendörfer-Lucius Pdf

A Strategy for Development

Author : Nicholas Stern,Nicholas Herbert Stern
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821349805

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A Strategy for Development by Nicholas Stern,Nicholas Herbert Stern Pdf

This book contains eight speeches/lectures by Nicholas Stern during his first year as Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the World Bank (2000-2001). Case studies of India, Indonesia, Pakistan and China are included. The final chapter examines the links between the investment climate for investment and growth, and poverty reduction.

Reforming the Investment Climate

Author : Sunita Kikeri,Thomas John Kenyon,Vincent Palmade
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 125 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780821368381

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Reforming the Investment Climate by Sunita Kikeri,Thomas John Kenyon,Vincent Palmade Pdf

This paper analyzes the administrative, political and technical challenges involved in passing and implementing investment climate reforms in developing countries. Drawing on more than 25 case studies, the authors emphasize the role of international bench-marking in triggering reform, the importance of pilot projects for policy learning and experimentation and the need to treat implementation and monitoring as an integral part of the reform process and not merely as an afterthought

Reforming the Investment Climate

Author : Sunita Kikeri
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Reforming the Investment Climate by Sunita Kikeri Pdf

"Most people agree that a good investment climate is essential for growth and poverty reduction. Less clear is how to achieve it. Many reforms are complex, involving more than technical design and content. They are both political, facing opposition from organized and powerful groups-and institutionally demanding, cutting across different departments and levels of government. Reform thus requires paying as much attention to understanding the politics and institutional dimensions as to policy substance, which is the goal of this paper. Drawing from more than 25 case studies, it shows that there is no single recipe or "manual" for reform, given diverse contexts and serendipity in any reform effort. But three broad lessons emerge. The first is to recognize and seize opportunities for reform. Crisis and new governments are important catalysts, but so is the competition generated by trade integration and new benchmarking information. The second is to invest early in the politics of reform. Central to this process is using education and persuasion strategies to gain wider acceptance and neutralize opponents. Pilot programs can be valuable for demonstrating the benefits and feasibility of change. And the third is to pay greater attention to implementation and monitoring. This does not require full scale public management reforms. Reformers can draw on private sector change management techniques to revitalize public institutions responsible for implementation. Given the cross-cutting nature of reform, new oversight mechanisms may be needed to monitor and sustain reform. The paper concludes with an emerging checklist for reformers and identifies areas for future work. "--World Bank web site.

World Development Report 2005

Author : Warrick Smith,World Bank
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2004-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822033952771

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World Development Report 2005 by Warrick Smith,World Bank Pdf

The 'World Development Report 2005' is a useful guide to the economic, social and environmental state of the world today. It provides an in-depth analysis of a specific aspect of development.

Shock Waves

Author : Stephane Hallegatte,Mook Bangalore,Laura Bonzanigo,Marianne Fay,Tamaro Kane,Ulf Narloch,Julie Rozenberg,David Treguer,Adrien Vogt-Schilb
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2015-11-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464806742

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Shock Waves by Stephane Hallegatte,Mook Bangalore,Laura Bonzanigo,Marianne Fay,Tamaro Kane,Ulf Narloch,Julie Rozenberg,David Treguer,Adrien Vogt-Schilb Pdf

Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.

Reforming the Investment Climate

Author : Sunita Kikeri,Thomas Kenyon,Vincent Palmade
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931673885

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Reforming the Investment Climate by Sunita Kikeri,Thomas Kenyon,Vincent Palmade Pdf

Most people agree that a good investment climate is essential for growth and poverty reduction. Less clear is how to achieve it. Many reforms are complex, involving more than technical design and content. They are both political, facing opposition from organized and powerful groups-and institutionally demanding, cutting across different departments and levels of government. Reform thus requires paying as much attention to understanding the politics and institutional dimensions as to policy substance, which is the goal of this paper. Drawing from more than 25 case studies, it shows that there is no single recipe or "manual" for reform, given diverse contexts and serendipity in any reform effort. But three broad lessons emerge. The first is to recognize and seize opportunities for reform. Crisis and new governments are important catalysts, but so is the competition generated by trade integration and new benchmarking information. The second is to invest early in the politics of reform. Central to this process is using education and persuasion strategies to gain wider acceptance and neutralize opponents. Pilot programs can be valuable for demonstrating the benefits and feasibility of change. And the third is to pay greater attention to implementation and monitoring. This does not require full scale public management reforms. Reformers can draw on private sector change management techniques to revitalize public institutions responsible for implementation. Given the cross-cutting nature of reform, new oversight mechanisms may be needed to monitor and sustain reform. The paper concludes with an emerging checklist for reformers and identifies areas for future work.

Investment Climate Reforms

Author : World Bank World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464806292

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Investment Climate Reforms by World Bank World Bank Pdf

Private firms are at the forefront of the development process, providing more than 90 percent of jobs, supplying goods and services, and representing a significant source of tax revenues. Their ability to grow, create jobs, and reduce poverty depends critically on a well-functioning investment climate--defined as the policy, legal, and institutional arrangements underpinning the functioning of markets and the level of transaction costs and risks associated with starting, operating, and closing a business. The World Bank Group has provided extensive support to investment climate reforms. This evaluation by the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) assesses the relevance, effectiveness, and social value of World Bank Group support to investment climate reforms as it relates to concerns for inclusion and shared prosperity. IEG finds that the World Bank Group has supported a comprehensive menu of investment climate reforms and has improved investment climate in countries, as measured by number of laws enacted, streamlining of processes and time, or simple cost savings for private firms. However, the impact on investment, jobs, business formation, and growth is not straightforward. Regulatory reforms need to be designed and implemented with both economic and social costs and benefits in mind; IEG found that, in practice, World Bank Group support focuses predominantly on reducing costs to businesses. In supporting investment climate reforms, the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation use two distinct but complementary business models. Despite the fact that investment climate is the most integrated business unit in the World Bank Group, coordination is mostly informal, relying mainly on personal contacts. IEG recommends that the World Bank Group expand its range of diagnostic tools and integrate them in the areas of the business environment not yet covered by existing tools; develop an approach to identify the social effects of regulatory reforms on all groups expected to be affected by them beyond the business community; and exploit synergies by ensuring that World Bank and IFC staff improve their understanding of each other's work and business models.

Assessing the Impact of the Investment Climate on Productivity Using Firm-level Data

Author : Alvaro Escribano,J. Luis Guasch
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Industrial productivity
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Assessing the Impact of the Investment Climate on Productivity Using Firm-level Data by Alvaro Escribano,J. Luis Guasch Pdf

Developing countries are increasingly concerned about improving country competitiveness and productivity as they face the increasing pressures of globalization and attempt to improve economic growth and reduce poverty. Among such countries, investment climate assessments (ICA) have become a standard instrument for identifying key obstacles to country competitiveness and imputing their impact on productivity, in order to prioritize policy reforms for enhancing competitiveness. Given the survey objectives and the nature and limitations of the data collected, the authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using different productivity measures based on data at the firm level. Their main objective is to develop a methodology to appropriately estimate, in a robust manner, the productivity impact of the investment climate variables. To illustrate the use of this methodology, the authors apply it to the data collected for ICAs in three countries-Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Observations in logarithms (logs) of the variables, and not in rates of growth, are pooled from all three countries. The econometric analysis is done with variables in logs to reduce the impact of measurement errors and allow inclusion of as many observations as possible since the "panel" data set is very unbalanced. The authors address the endogeneity of the production function inputs and of the investment climate variables by using a variant of the control function approach based on individual firm information, and by aggregating investment climate variables by industry and region. The authors show that it is possible to get robust results for 10 different productivity measures, if one follows a consistent econometric methodology of specification and estimation. For policy analysis, they recommend using those results of investment climate variables on productivity that are robust for most of the productivity measures. The also analyze efficiency aspects of firms in each country. Finally, they decompose the results to obtain country-specific impacts and establish corresponding priorities for policy reform. The actual estimates for the three countries show the level of significance of the impact of investment climate variables on productivity. Variables in several categories, red tape and infrastructure in particular, appear to account for over 30 percent of productivity. The policy implications are clear: investment climate matters enormously and the relative impact of the various investment climate variables indicates where reform efforts should be directed. Given the robustness of the results, the authors argue that the econometric methodology of productivity analysis developed here ought to be used as a benchmark to assess productivity effects for other ICAs or surveys with firm-level data of similar characteristics.

World Development Report 2005

Author : World Bank
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 0821357247

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World Development Report 2005 by World Bank Pdf

The 'World Development Report 2005' is a useful guide to the economic, social and environmental state of the world today. It provides an in-depth analysis of a specific aspect of development.

Globalization and Poverty

Author : Ann Harrison
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 675 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2007-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226318004

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Globalization and Poverty by Ann Harrison Pdf

Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.