Isonomia And The Origins Of Philosophy

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Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy

Kojin Karatani
Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Kojin Karatani
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780822372714

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Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy by Kojin Karatani Pdf

In Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy—published originally in Japanese and now available in four languages—Kōjin Karatani questions the idealization of ancient Athens as the source of philosophy and democracy by placing the origins instead in Ionia, a set of Greek colonies located in present-day Turkey. Contrasting Athenian democracy with Ionian isonomia—a system based on non-rule and a lack of social divisions whereby equality is realized through the freedom to immigrate—Karatani shows how early Greek thinkers from Heraclitus to Pythagoras were inseparably linked to the isonomia of their Ionian origins, not democracy. He finds in isonomia a model for how an egalitarian society not driven by class antagonism might be put into practice, and resituates Socrates's work and that of his intellectual heirs as the last philosophical attempts to practice isonomia's utopic potentials. Karatani subtly interrogates the democratic commitments of Western philosophy from within and argues that the key to transcending their contradictions lies not in Athenian democracy, with its echoes of imperialism, slavery, and exclusion, but in the openness of isonomia.

The Structure of World History

Kojin Karatani
The Structure of World History Book PDF

Author : Kojin Karatani
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822376682

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The Structure of World History by Kojin Karatani Pdf

In this major, paradigm-shifting work, Kojin Karatani systematically re-reads Marx's version of world history, shifting the focus of critique from modes of production to modes of exchange. Karatani seeks to understand both Capital-Nation-State, the interlocking system that is the dominant form of modern global society, and the possibilities for superseding it. In The Structure of World History, he traces different modes of exchange, including the pooling of resources that characterizes nomadic tribes, the gift exchange systems developed after the adoption of fixed-settlement agriculture, the exchange of obedience for protection that arises with the emergence of the state, the commodity exchanges that characterize capitalism, and, finally, a future mode of exchange based on the return of gift exchange, albeit modified for the contemporary moment. He argues that this final stage—marking the overcoming of capital, nation, and state—is best understood in light of Kant's writings on eternal peace. The Structure of World History is in many ways the capstone of Karatani's brilliant career, yet it also signals new directions in his thought.

History and Repetition

Kōjin Karatani
History and Repetition Book PDF

Author : Kōjin Karatani
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : History
ISBN : 9780231157292

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History and Repetition by Kōjin Karatani Pdf

Kojin Karatani wrote the essays in History and Repetition during a time of radical historical change, triggered by the collapse of the Cold War and the death of the Showa emperor in 1989. Reading Karl Marx in an original way, Karatani developed a theory of history based on the repetitive cycle of crises attending the expansion and transformation of capital. His work led to a rigorous analysis of political, economic, and literary forms of representation that recast historical events as a series of repeated forms forged in the transitional moments of global capitalism. History and Repetition cemented Karatani's reputation as one of Japan's premier thinkers, capable of traversing the fields of philosophy, political economy, history, and literature in his work. The first complete translation of History and Repetition into English, undertaken with the cooperation of Karatani himself, this volume opens with his innovative reading of The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, tracing Marx's early theoretical formulation of the state. Karatani follows with a study of violent crises as they recur after major transitions of power, developing his theory of historical repetition and introducing a groundbreaking interpretation of fascism (in both Europe and Japan) as the spectral return of the absolutist monarch in the midst of a crisis of representative democracy. For Karatani, fascism represents the most violent materialization of the repetitive mechanism of history. Yet he also seeks out singularities that operate outside the brutal inevitability of historical repetition, whether represented in literature or, more precisely, in the process of literature's demise. Closely reading the works of Oe Kenzaburo, Mishima Yukio, Nakagami Kenji, and Murakami Haruki, Karatani compares the recurrent and universal with the singular and unrepeatable, while advancing a compelling theory of the decline of modern literature. Merging theoretical arguments with a concrete analysis of cultural and intellectual history, Karatani's essays encapsulate a brilliant, multidisciplinary perspective on world history.

Architecture as Metaphor

Kojin Karatani
Architecture as Metaphor Book PDF

Author : Kojin Karatani
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1995-10-05
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780262611138

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Architecture as Metaphor by Kojin Karatani Pdf

In Architecture as Metaphor, Kojin Karatani detects a recurrent "will to architecture" that he argues is the foundation of all Western thinking, traversing architecture, philosophy, literature, linguistics, city planning, anthropology, political economics, psychoanalysis, and mathematics. Kojin Karatani, Japan's leading literary critic, is perhaps best known for his imaginative readings of Shakespeare, Soseki, Marx, Wittgenstein, and most recently Kant. His works, of which Origins of Modern Japanese Literature is the only one previously translated into English, are the generic equivalent to what in America is called "theory." Karatani's writings are important not only for the insights they offer on the various topics under discussion, but also as an example of a distinctly non-Western critical intervention. In Architecture as Metaphor, Karatani detects a recurrent "will to architecture" that he argues is the foundation of all Western thinking, traversing architecture, philosophy, literature, linguistics, city planning, anthropology, political economics, psychoanalysis, and mathematics. In the three parts of the book, he analyzes the complex bonds between construction and deconstruction, thereby pointing to an alternative model of "secular criticism," but in the domain of philosophy rather than literary or cultural criticism. As Karatani claims in his introduction, because the will to architecture is practically nonoexistent in Japan, he must first assume a dual role: one that affirms the architectonic (by scrutinizing the suppressed function of form) and one that pushes formalism to its collapse (by invoking Kurt Godel's incompleteness theorem). His subsequent discussions trace a path through the work of Christopher Alexander, Jane Jacobs, Gilles Deleuze, and others. Finally, amidst the drive that motivates all formalization, he confronts an unbridgeable gap, an uncontrollable event encountered in the exchange with the other; thus his speculation turns toward global capital movement. While in the present volume he mainly analyzes familiar Western texts, it is precisely for this reason that his voice discloses a distance that will add a new dimension to our English-language discourse.

Philosophy for Non-Philosophers

Louis Althusser
Philosophy for Non Philosophers Book PDF

Author : Louis Althusser
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781472592026

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Philosophy for Non-Philosophers by Louis Althusser Pdf

In 1980, at the end of the most intensely political period of his work and life, Louis Althusser penned Philosophy for Non-philosophers. Available here for the first time in English, Philosophy for Non-philosophers constitutes a rigorous and engaged attempt to address a wide reading public unfamiliar with Althusser's project. As such, the work is a concentration of the most fundamental theses of Althusser's own ideas, and presents a synthesis of his sprawling and disparate philosophical and political writings. Nowhere else does Althusser push the distinction between philosophy and other disciplines as far, or develop in such detail the concept of 'practice'. Rather than a work of 'popular philosophy', Philosophy for Non-philosophers is a continuation and conglomeration of Althusser's thought; a thought whose radicality is still perceptible in those that have followed since. Philosophy for Non-philosophers thus provides a vivid encapsulation of Althusser's seminal influence on the leading thinkers of today, including Ranciere, Badiou, Balibar, and Žižek.

A Culture of Freedom

Christian Meier
A Culture of Freedom Book PDF

Author : Christian Meier
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199588039

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A Culture of Freedom by Christian Meier Pdf

The book takes us on a tour through the rich spectrum of Greek life and culture, from their epic and lyric poetry, political thought and philosophy, to their social life, military traditions, sport, and religious festivals, and finally to the early stages of Greek democracy. Running as a connecting thread throughout is a people's attempt to create a society based upon the concept of freedom rather than naked power.

The Philosophy of Social Ecology

Murray Bookchin
The Philosophy of Social Ecology Book PDF

Author : Murray Bookchin
Publisher : AK Press
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781849354417

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The Philosophy of Social Ecology by Murray Bookchin Pdf

What is nature? What is humanity's place in nature? And what is the relationship of society to the natural world? In an era of ecological breakdown, answering these questions has become of momentous importance for our everyday lives and for the future that we and other life-forms face. In the essays of The Philosophy of Social Ecology, Murray Bookchin confronts these questions head on: invoking the ideas of mutualism, self-organization, and unity in diversity, in the service of ever expanding freedom. Refreshingly polemical and deeply philosophical, they take issue with technocratic and mechanistic ways of understanding and relating to, and within, nature. More importantly, they develop a solid, historically and politically based ethical foundation for social ecology, the field that Bookchin himself created and that offers us hope in the midst of our climate catastrophe.

Ontology of Production

Kitarō Nishida
Ontology of Production Book PDF

Author : Kitarō Nishida
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-17
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780822351801

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Ontology of Production by Kitarō Nishida Pdf

Nishida KitarM (1870&–1945) was a Japanese philosopher, and the founder of what has been called the Kyoto School of philosophy. Havor has selected these three essays for translation because they will be politically and philosophically useful for contemporary theorists. The essays examine philosophical issues concerning the concepts of poesis and praxis relevant to Marxs ideas of production.

Nation and Aesthetics

Kojin Karatani
Nation and Aesthetics Book PDF

Author : Kojin Karatani
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-17
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9780190622985

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Nation and Aesthetics by Kojin Karatani Pdf

Nation and Aesthetics is a unique attempt to examine the ambiguous nature of nationalism and nation by examining them through aesthetics. In this translation by Jonathan E. Abel, Darwin H. Tsen, and Hiroki Yoshikuni, Karatani grasps the modern social formation as a nexus of three different "modes of exchange", namely capital-nation-state. Nation here plays the role of complementing capitalism and the state. Benedict Anderson defined nation as an "imagined community". Through rethinking Kant, Karatani suggests that "imagination" here is not a mere fancy, but very real, in the sense that it mediates state and capital. Usually imagination is regarded as fancying what is not present here. Kant grasped imagination as a faculty to imagine what we can understand but cannot sense; that is, to say, a faculty to mediate reason and sensibility. This observation provided the foundation to Modern aesthetics, which in the course of time became an important source of nationalism. In Italy, Germany, and Japan, nationalism appeared as fascism. They found in aesthetics a moment to go beyond capitalism and the state. The key to go beyond nation, Karatani argues, lies also in the thoughts of Kant, a cosmopolitan and an advocate of a world republic. It is well-known that the League of Nations was formed after First World War under the influence of his "Perpetual Peace". Karatani draws attention to the overlooked fact that around the same time Freud made a radical revision of his notion of the "superego". Karatani introduces article nine of Japan's postwar constitution, which renounces the right to wage war, as a crystallization of Kant's ideal of peace and Freud's superego. By providing a unique explanation of, and ways to counter, current nationalistic and imperialistic tendencies, Nation and Aesthetics argues that theories of Kant and Freud, which are usually understood to contrast, are deeply linked and suggest ways to go beyond capital-nation-state.

Transcritique

Kojin Karatani
Transcritique Book PDF

Author : Kojin Karatani
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2005-01-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 026226336X

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Transcritique by Kojin Karatani Pdf

Kojin Karatani's Transcritique introduces a startlingly new dimension to Immanuel Kant's transcendental critique by using Kant to read Karl Marx and Marx to read Kant. In a direct challenge to standard academic approaches to both thinkers, Karatani's transcritical readings discover the ethical roots of socialism in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and a Kantian critique of money in Marx's Capital. Karatani reads Kant as a philosopher who sought to wrest metaphysics from the discredited realm of theoretical dogma in order to restore it to its proper place in the sphere of ethics and praxis. With this as his own critical model, he then presents a reading of Marx that attempts to liberate Marxism from longstanding Marxist and socialist presuppositions in order to locate a solid theoretical basis for a positive activism capable of gradually superseding the trinity of Capital-Nation-State.

Arendt on the Political

David Arndt
Arendt on the Political Book PDF

Author : David Arndt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108498319

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Arendt on the Political by David Arndt Pdf

Shows how Hannah Arendt opened up new ways of thinking about politics and a new approach to interpreting political history.

Hayek’s Market Republicanism

Sean Irving
Hayek s Market Republicanism Book PDF

Author : Sean Irving
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780429750731

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Hayek’s Market Republicanism by Sean Irving Pdf

Friedrich Hayek was the 20th century’s most significant free market theorist. Over the course of his long career he developed an analysis of the danger that state power can pose to individual liberty. In rejecting much of the liberal tradition’s concern for social justice and democratic participation, Hayek would help clear away many intellectual obstacles to the emergence of neoliberalism in the last quarter of the 20th century. At the core of this book is a new interpretation of Hayek, one that regards him as an exponent of a neo-Roman conception of liberty and interprets his work as a form of ‘market republicanism’. It examines the contemporary context in which Hayek wrote, and places his writing in the long republican intellectual tradition. Hayek’s Market Republicanism will be of interest to advanced students and researchers across the history of economic thought, the history of political thought, political economy and political philosophy.

The Origins of Philosophy in Ancient Greece and India

Richard Seaford
The Origins of Philosophy in Ancient Greece and India Book PDF

Author : Richard Seaford
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-12-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108499552

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The Origins of Philosophy in Ancient Greece and India by Richard Seaford Pdf

Explains for the first time the genesis and early form of both Indian and Greek philosophy, and their striking similarities.

Origins of Modern Japanese Literature

Kōjin Karatani
Origins of Modern Japanese Literature Book PDF

Author : Kōjin Karatani
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 0822313235

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Origins of Modern Japanese Literature by Kōjin Karatani Pdf

Karatani Kojin is one of Japan's leading critics. In his work as a theoretician, he has described Modernity as have few others; he has re-evaluated the literature of the entire Meiji period and beyond. As one critic has said, Karatani's thought "has had a profound effect on the way we formulate the questions we ask about modern literature and culture ... [his] argument is compelling, moving even, and in the end the reader comes away with a different understanding not only of modern Japanese literature but of modern Japan itself." Among the many authors discussed are Soseki Natsume, Doppo Kunikida, Katai Tayama, and Shoyo Tsubouchi.

Money and the Early Greek Mind

Richard Seaford
Money and the Early Greek Mind Book PDF

Author : Richard Seaford
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2004-03-11
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 0521539927

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Money and the Early Greek Mind by Richard Seaford Pdf

How were the Greeks of the sixth century BC able to invent philosophy and tragedy? In this book Richard Seaford argues that a large part of the answer can be found in another momentous development, the invention and rapid spread of coinage, which produced the first ever thoroughly monetised society. By transforming social relations monetisation contributed to the ideas of the universe as an impersonal system, fundamental to Presocratic philosophy, and of the individual alienated from his own kin and from the gods, as found in tragedy.