Issues In Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009-03-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309120463

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Science and Decisions by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA Pdf

Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1983-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309033497

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Risk Assessment in the Federal Government by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health Pdf

The regulation of potentially hazardous substances has become a controversial issue. This volume evaluates past efforts to develop and use risk assessment guidelines, reviews the experience of regulatory agencies with different administrative arrangements for risk assessment, and evaluates various proposals to modify procedures. The book's conclusions and recommendations can be applied across the entire field of environmental health.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2003-07-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309089142

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Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates Pdf

The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309048941

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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants Pdf

The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309047869

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Issues in Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology Pdf

The scientific basis, inference assumptions, regulatory uses, and research needs in risk assessment are considered in this two-part volume. The first part, Use of Maximum Tolerated Dose in Animal Bioassays for Carcinogenicity, focuses on whether the maximum tolerated dose should continue to be used in carcinogenesis bioassays. The committee considers several options for modifying current bioassay procedures. The second part, Two-Stage Models of Carcinogenesis, stems from efforts to identify improved means of cancer risk assessment that have resulted in the development of a mathematical dose-response model based on a paradigm for the biologic phenomena thought to be associated with carcinogenesis.

Author : HSE Books,Health and Safety Executive
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0717662128

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Five Steps to Risk Assessment by HSE Books,Health and Safety Executive Pdf

Offers guidance for employers and self employed people in assessing risks in the workplace. This book is suitable for firms in the commercial, service and light industrial sectors.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the OMB Risk Assessment Bulletin
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2007-04-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309178884

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Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the OMB Risk Assessment Bulletin Pdf

Risk assessments are often used by the federal government to estimate the risk the public may face from such things as exposure to a chemical or the potential failure of an engineered structure, and they underlie many regulatory decisions. Last January, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued a draft bulletin for all federal agencies, which included a new definition of risk assessment and proposed standards aimed at improving federal risk assessments. This National Research Council report, written at the request of OMB, evaluates the draft bulletin and supports its overall goals of improving the quality of risk assessments. However, the report concludes that the draft bulletin is "fundamentally flawed" from a scientific and technical standpoint and should be withdrawn. Problems include an overly broad definition of risk assessment in conflict with long-established concepts and practices, and an overly narrow definition of adverse health effects-one that considers only clinically apparent effects to be adverse, ignoring other biological changes that could lead to health effects. The report also criticizes the draft bulletin for focusing mainly on human health risk assessments while neglecting assessments of technology and engineered structures.

Author : National Research Council,Committee to Review the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309159241

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Review of the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis by National Research Council,Committee to Review the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis Pdf

The events of September 11, 2001 changed perceptions, rearranged national priorities, and produced significant new government entities, including the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) created in 2003. While the principal mission of DHS is to lead efforts to secure the nation against those forces that wish to do harm, the department also has responsibilities in regard to preparation for and response to other hazards and disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and other "natural" disasters. Whether in the context of preparedness, response or recovery from terrorism, illegal entry to the country, or natural disasters, DHS is committed to processes and methods that feature risk assessment as a critical component for making better-informed decisions. Review of the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis explores how DHS is building its capabilities in risk analysis to inform decision making. The department uses risk analysis to inform decisions ranging from high-level policy choices to fine-scale protocols that guide the minute-by-minute actions of DHS employees. Although DHS is responsible for mitigating a range of threats, natural disasters, and pandemics, its risk analysis efforts are weighted heavily toward terrorism. In addition to assessing the capability of DHS risk analysis methods to support decision-making, the book evaluates the quality of the current approach to estimating risk and discusses how to improve current risk analysis procedures. Review of the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis recommends that DHS continue to build its integrated risk management framework. It also suggests that the department improve the way models are developed and used and follow time-tested scientific practices, among other recommendations.

Author : Jorge Rocha,Sandra Oliveira,César Capinha
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-14
Category : Risk assessment
ISBN : 9781838807948

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Risk Management and Assessment by Jorge Rocha,Sandra Oliveira,César Capinha Pdf

Risk analysis, risk evaluation and risk management are the three core areas in the process known as 'Risk Assessment'. Risk assessment corresponds to the joint effort of identifying and analysing potential future events, and evaluating the acceptability of risk based on the risk analysis, while considering influencing factors. In short, risk assessment analyses what can go wrong, how likely it is to happen and, if it happens, what are the potential consequences. Since risk is a multi-disciplinary domain, this book gathers contributions covering a wide spectrum of topics with regard to their theoretical background and field of application. The work is organized in the three core areas of risk assessment.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309367868

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Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences Pdf

On October 17, 2014, spurred by incidents at U.S. government laboratories that raised serious biosafety concerns, the United States government launched a one-year deliberative process to address the continuing controversy surrounding so-called "gain-of-function" (GOF) research on respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential. The gain of function controversy began in late 2011 with the question of whether to publish the results of two experiments involving H5N1 avian influenza and continued to focus on certain research with highly pathogenic avian influenza over the next three years. The heart of the U.S. process is an evaluation of the potential risks and benefits of certain types of GOF experiments with influenza, SARS, and MERS viruses that would inform the development and adoption of a new U.S. Government policy governing the funding and conduct of GOF research. Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research is the summary of a two-day public symposia on GOF research. Convened in December 2014 by the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, the main focus of this event was to discuss principles important for, and key considerations in, the design of risk and benefit assessments of GOF research. Participants examined the underlying scientific and technical questions that are the source of current discussion and debate over GOF research involving pathogens with pandemic potential. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the meeting.

Author : V.T. Covello,Lester B. Lave,Alan Moghissi,V.R.R. Uppuluri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781468453171

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Uncertainty in Risk Assessment, Risk Management, and Decision Making by V.T. Covello,Lester B. Lave,Alan Moghissi,V.R.R. Uppuluri Pdf

The subject of this volume--uncertainties in risk assessment and management--reflects an important theme in health, safety, and environ mental decision making. MOst technological hazards are characterized by substantial uncertainty. Recent examples include nuclear waste disposal, acid rain, asbestos in schools, carcinogens in food, and hazardous waste. realing with such uncertainty is arguably the most difficult and challeng ing task facing risk assessors and managers today. Four primary sources of uncertainty in risk assessment and management can be identified: (1) uncertainties about definitions; (2) uncertainties about scientific facts; (3) uncertainties about risk perceptions and atti tudes; and (4) uncertainties about values. Uncertainties about definitions derive primarily from disagreements about the meaning and interpretation of key concepts, such as probability. Uncertainties about scientific facts derive primarily from disagreements about failure modes, the probability and magnitude of adverse health or environmental consequences, cause and effect relationships, dose-response relationships, and exposure patterns. Uncertainties about risk perceptions and attitudes derive primarily from disagreements about what constitutes a significant or acceptable level of risk. Uncertainties about values derive primarily from disagreements about the desirability or worth of alternative risk management actions or conse quences. The papers in this volume address each of these sources of uncertainty from a variety of perspectives. Reflecting the broad scope of risk assess ment and risk management research, the papers include contributions from safety engineers, epidemiologists, toxicologists, chemists, biostatisticians, biologists, decision analysts, economists, psychologists, political scien tists, sociologists, ethicists, and lawyers.

Author : Terje Aven
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781119057796

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Risk Analysis by Terje Aven Pdf

A practical guide to the varied challenges presented in the ever-growing field of risk analysis. Risk Analysis presents an accessible and concise guide to performing risk analysis, in a wide variety of field, with minimal prior knowledge required. Forming an ideal companion volume to Aven's previous Wiley text Foundations of Risk Analysis, it provides clear recommendations and guidance in the planning, execution anduse of risk analysis. This new edition presents recent developments related to risk conceptualization, focusing on related issues on risk assessment and their application. New examples are also featured to clarify the reader's understanding in the application of risk analysis and the risk analysis process. Key features: Fully updated to include recent developments related to risk conceptualization and related issues on risk assessments and their applications. Emphasizes the decision making context of risk analysis rather than just computing probabilities Demonstrates how to carry out predictive risk analysis using a variety of case studies and examples. Written by an experienced expert in the field, in a style suitable for both industrial and academic audiences. This book is ideal for advanced undergraduates, graduates, analysts and researchers from statistics, engineering, finance, medicine and physical sciences. Managers facing decision making problems involving risk and uncertainty will also benefit from this book.

Author : Pat Perry
Publisher : Thomas Telford
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0727732390

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Fire Safety by Pat Perry Pdf

Fire safety in buildings, Fire safety, Buildings, Fire risks, Safety measures, Legislation, Fire

Author : Faye S. Taxman
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317402831

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Handbook on Risk and Need Assessment by Faye S. Taxman Pdf

The Handbook on Risk and Need Assessment: Theory and Practice covers risk assessments for individuals being considered for parole or probation. Evidence-based approaches to such decisions help take the emotion and politics out of community corrections. As the United States begins to back away from ineffective, expensive policies of mass incarceration, this handbook will provide the resources needed to help ensure both public safety and the effective rehabilitation of offenders. The ASC Division on Corrections & Sentencing Handbook Series will publish volumes on topics ranging from violence risk assessment to specialty courts for drug users, veterans, or the mentally ill. Each thematic volume focuses on a single topical issue that intersects with corrections and sentencing research.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1982-01-01
Category : Decision-making
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Risk and Decision Making by Anonim Pdf