Javanmardi

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Javanmardi

Lloyd Ridgeon
Javanmardi Book PDF

Author : Lloyd Ridgeon
Publisher : Gingko Library
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781909942318

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Javanmardi by Lloyd Ridgeon Pdf

Javanmardi is one of those Persian terms that is frequently mentions in discussions of Persian identity, and yet its precise meaning is difficult to comprehend. A number of equivalents have been offered, including chivalry and manliness, and while these terms are not incorrect, javanmardi transcends them. The concept encompasses character traits of generosity, selflessness, hospitality, bravery, courage, honesty, truthfulness and justice--and yet there are occasions when the exact opposite of these is required for one to be a javanmard. At times it would seem that being a javanmard is about knowing and doing the right thing, although this definition, too, falls short of the term's full meaning. The present collection is the product of a three-year project financed by the British Institute of Persian Studies on the theme of "Javanmardi in the Persianate world." The articles in this volume represent the sheer range, influence, and importance that the concept has had in creating and contributing to Persianate identities over the past one hundred and fifty years. The contributions are intentionally broad in scope. Rather than focus, for example, on medieval Sufi manifestations of javanmardi, both medieval and modern studies were encouraged, as were literary, artistic, archaeological, and sociological studies among others. The opening essays examine the concept’s origin in medieval history and legends throughout a geographical background that spans from modern Iran to Turkey, Armenia, and Bosnia, among both Muslim and Christian communities. Subsequent articles explore modern implications of javanmardi within such contexts as sportsmanship, political heroism, gender fluidity, cinematic representations, and the advent of digitalization.

Intelligence, Creativity, and Wisdom

Robert J. Sternberg,James C. Kaufman,Sareh Karami
Intelligence Creativity and Wisdom Book PDF

Author : Robert J. Sternberg,James C. Kaufman,Sareh Karami
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783031267727

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Intelligence, Creativity, and Wisdom by Robert J. Sternberg,James C. Kaufman,Sareh Karami Pdf

This edited collection examines the interrelationships between the psychological concepts of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom, while also presenting a systematic attempt to combine them within the overarching concept of meta-intelligence. Building on Robert J. Sternberg’s previous work, this authoritative volume brings together leading researchers in the field of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom to show the latest advances in this line of research through a selection of 18 chapters. Using a wide range or approaches, including psychological, cognitive, educational, and philosophical perspectives, internationally renowned scholars offer insights into the benefits of re-thinking our understanding of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom, and how they may helpfully be more integrated. This wide-ranging collection will appeal in particular to students and scholars of cognitive, differential, social, developmental, and educational psychology, as well as creativity studies, education, philosophy, and related disciplines.

Iranian Masculinities

Sivan Balslev
Iranian Masculinities Book PDF

Author : Sivan Balslev
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108470636

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Iranian Masculinities by Sivan Balslev Pdf

This unique study spotlights the role of masculinity in Iranian history, linking masculinity to social and political developments.

The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates

Emma J. Flatt
The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates Book PDF

Author : Emma J. Flatt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108481939

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The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates by Emma J. Flatt Pdf

Illuminates the centrality of courtliness in the political and cultural life of the Deccan in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Forgiveness Work

Arzoo Osanloo
Forgiveness Work Book PDF

Author : Arzoo Osanloo
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780691201535

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Forgiveness Work by Arzoo Osanloo Pdf

A remarkable look at an understudied feature of the Iranian justice system, where forgiveness is as much a right of victims as retribution Iran’s criminal courts are notorious for meting out severe sentences—according to Amnesty International, the country has the world’s highest rate of capital punishment per capita. Less known to outside observers, however, is the Iranian criminal code’s recognition of forgiveness, where victims of violent crimes, or the families of murder victims, can request the state to forgo punishing the criminal. Forgiveness Work shows that in the Iranian justice system, forbearance is as much a right of victims as retribution. Drawing on extended interviews and first-hand observations of more than eighty murder trials, Arzoo Osanloo explores why some families of victims forgive perpetrators and how a wide array of individuals contribute to the fraught business of negotiating reconciliation. Based on Qur’anic principles, Iran’s criminal codes encourage mercy and compel judicial officials to help parties reach a settlement. As no formal regulations exist to guide those involved, an informal cottage industry has grown around forgiveness advocacy. Interested parties—including attorneys, judges, social workers, the families of victims and perpetrators, and even performing artists—intervene in cases, drawing from such sources as scripture, ritual, and art to stir feelings of forgiveness. These actors forge new and sometimes conflicting strategies to secure forbearance, and some aim to reform social attitudes and laws on capital punishment. Forgiveness Work examines how an Islamic victim-centered approach to justice sheds light on the conditions of mercy.

Sufism

Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon
Sufism Book PDF

Author : Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Religion
ISBN : STANFORD:36105130554749

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Sufism by Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon Pdf

In recent years, interest in Sufism - often regarded as the mystical dimension of Islam - has blossomed. Taught in European and American universities for many years, Sufism is an increasingly popular area of research in disciplines such as Islamic Studies, comparative religion, area studies, anthropology, history, and politics. In this new Routledge Major Work, the editor, a leading scholar in the field, has gathered in four volumes the canonical and the very best cutting-edge literature on Sufism to create an indispensable reference resource. The collection focuses on: origins and development; hermeneutics and doctrines; ritual, authority, and word; and modern Sufism.

Mass Protests in Iran

Masoud Kazemzadeh
Mass Protests in Iran Book PDF

Author : Masoud Kazemzadeh
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783111280387

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Mass Protests in Iran by Masoud Kazemzadeh Pdf

Mass Protests in Iran: From Resistance to Overthrow explores the various waves of protests in Iran over the past 44 years, surveying their causes, consequences, and outcomes. The author argues that the regime and its support base of fundamentalist groups constitute a minority in Iran and lack legitimacy, and thus the regime uses repression and violence to secure its rule. The result is a pre-revolutionary situation and a shifting political landscape of overthrows, constant mass protests and mass repression. Kazemzadeh’s analysis highlights the factors that would assist the fundamentalist regime in succeeding in suppressing these protests, and the factors that would assist the Iranian people in defeating the fundamentalist regime. Written in an accessible style, this timely book offers a much-needed contribution to the literature on Iranian politics. It will be of interest to students and scholars, as well as policy makers, interested in Middle Eastern studies, social movements, protest movements, political science and sociology.

Gendered Morality

Zahra M. S. Ayubi
Gendered Morality Book PDF

Author : Zahra M. S. Ayubi
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780231549349

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Gendered Morality by Zahra M. S. Ayubi Pdf

Islamic scriptural sources offer potentially radical notions of equality. Yet medieval Islamic philosophers chose to establish a hierarchical, male-centered virtue ethics. In Gendered Morality, Zahra Ayubi rethinks the tradition of Islamic philosophical ethics from a feminist critical perspective. She calls for a philosophical turn in the study of gender in Islam based on resources for gender equality that are unlocked by feminist engagement with the Islamic ethical tradition. Developing a lens for a feminist philosophy of Islam, Ayubi analyzes constructions of masculinity, femininity, and gender relations in classic works of philosophical ethics. In close readings of foundational texts by Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali, Nasir-ad Din Tusi, and Jalal ad-Din Davani, she interrogates how these thinkers conceive of the ethical human being as an elite male within a hierarchical cosmology built on the exclusion of women and nonelites. Yet in the course of prescribing ethical behavior, the ethicists speak of complex gendered and human relations that contradict their hierarchies. Their metaphysical premises about the nature of the divine, humanity, and moral responsibility indicate a potential egalitarian core. Gendered Morality offers a vital and disruptive new perspective on patriarchal Islamic ethics and metaphysics, showing the ways in which the philosophical tradition can support the aims of gender justice and human flourishing.

The People’s Web Meets NLP

Iryna Gurevych,Jungi Kim
The People s Web Meets NLP Book PDF

Author : Iryna Gurevych,Jungi Kim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-03
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783642350856

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The People’s Web Meets NLP by Iryna Gurevych,Jungi Kim Pdf

Collaboratively Constructed Language Resources (CCLRs) such as Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Linked Open Data, and various resources developed using crowdsourcing techniques such as Games with a Purpose and Mechanical Turk have substantially contributed to the research in natural language processing (NLP). Various NLP tasks utilize such resources to substitute for or supplement conventional lexical semantic resources and linguistically annotated corpora. These resources also provide an extensive body of texts from which valuable knowledge is mined. There are an increasing number of community efforts to link and maintain multiple linguistic resources. This book aims offers comprehensive coverage of CCLR-related topics, including their construction, utilization in NLP tasks, and interlinkage and management. Various Bachelor/Master/Ph.D. programs in natural language processing, computational linguistics, and knowledge discovery can use this book both as the main text and as a supplementary reading. The book also provides a valuable reference guide for researchers and professionals for the above topics.

Martial Arts of the World [2 volumes]

Thomas A. Green,Joseph R. Svinth
Martial Arts of the World 2 volumes Book PDF

Author : Thomas A. Green,Joseph R. Svinth
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 807 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2010-06-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781598842449

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Martial Arts of the World [2 volumes] by Thomas A. Green,Joseph R. Svinth Pdf

This book is the most comprehensive and authoritative reference ever published on the wide range of martial arts disciplines practiced in cultures around the world. ABC-CLIO's Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation is the most authoritative reference ever published on combat disciplines from around the world and across history. Coverage includes Shaolin monks, jousting knights, Roman gladiators, Westerner gunfighters, samurai warriors, and heavyweight boxers. These iconic figures and many more are featured in this title, as well as representatives of less well known but no less fascinating systems, all vividly characterized by expert contributors from around the world who are themselves martial arts practitioners. Martial Arts of the World comprises 120 entries in two volumes. The first volume is organized geographically to explore the historic development of martial arts styles in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. The second volume looks at martial arts thematically, with coverage of belief systems, modern martial arts competitions, and a wide range of such topics as folklore, women in martial arts, martial arts and the military, and martial arts and the media.

Sufi Castigator

Lloyd Ridgeon
Sufi Castigator Book PDF

Author : Lloyd Ridgeon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2006-09-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134373987

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Sufi Castigator by Lloyd Ridgeon Pdf

Sufi Castigator investigates the writings of Ahmad Kasravi, one of the foremost intellectuals in Iran. It studies his work within the context of Sufism in modern Iran and mystical Persian literature and includes translations of Kasravi’s writings. Kasravi provides a fascinating topic for those with interests in Sufism and Iranian studies as he attempted to produce a form of Iranian identity that he believed was compatible with the modern age and Iranian nationalism. His stress on reason and the de-mystification of religion caused him to repudiate Sufism and much of the Sufi literary heritage as backwards and believed it a reason for the weakness of modern Iran. Kasravi’s historical observations were weak, and his writings indicate that he was working towards pre-determined conclusions. However, his works are of significance because they contributed to a major discussion in the 1930s to 1940s about the ideal image and identity that Iranians should adopt. Despite the academic weaknesses of Kasravi’s works he had a profound effect on the next generation of thinkers. Sufi Castigator is stimulating and meticulously researched book and includes two lengthy translations of Kasravi’s works, Sufism and What does Hafez Say? and will appeal to scholars of middle eastern studies.

Recent Trends in Artificial Neural Networks

Ali Sadollah,Carlos Travieso-Gonzalez
Recent Trends in Artificial Neural Networks Book PDF

Author : Ali Sadollah,Carlos Travieso-Gonzalez
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-04
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781789854190

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Recent Trends in Artificial Neural Networks by Ali Sadollah,Carlos Travieso-Gonzalez Pdf

Artificial intelligence (AI) is everywhere and it's here to stay. Most aspects of our lives are now touched by artificial intelligence in one way or another, from deciding what books or flights to buy online to whether our job applications are successful, whether we receive a bank loan, and even what treatment we receive for cancer. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) as a part of AI maintains the capacity to solve problems such as regression and classification with high levels of accuracy. This book aims to discuss the usage of ANNs for optimal solving of time series applications and clustering. Bounding of optimization methods particularly metaheuristics considered as global optimizers with ANNs make a strong and reliable prediction tool for handling real-life application. This book also demonstrates how different fields of studies utilize ANNs proving its wide reach and relevance.

Iran in the 20th Century

Touraj Atabaki
Iran in the 20th Century Book PDF

Author : Touraj Atabaki
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-06-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9780857713681

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Iran in the 20th Century by Touraj Atabaki Pdf

Political upheaval has marked Iran's history throughout the twentieth century. Wars, revolutions, coups and the impact of modernism have shaped Iran's historiography, as they have the country's history. Originally based on oral and written sources, which underpinned traditional genealogical and dynastic history, Iran's historiography was transformed in the early 20th century with the development of a 'new' school of presenting history. Here emphasis shifted from the anecdotal story-telling genre to social, political, economic, cultural and religious history-writing. A new understanding of the nation state and the importance of identity and foreign relations in defining Iran's place in the modern world all served to transform the perspective of Iranian historiography. Touraj Atabaki here brings together a range of rich contributions from international scholars who cover the leading themes of the historiography of 20th-century Iran, including constitutional reform and revolution, literature and architecture, identity, women and gender, nationalism, modernism, Orientalism, Marxism and Islamism.

Handbook of Cucurbits

Mohammad Pessarakli
Handbook of Cucurbits Book PDF

Author : Mohammad Pessarakli
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-02-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781482234596

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Handbook of Cucurbits by Mohammad Pessarakli Pdf

The Handbook of Cucurbits: Growth, Cultural Practices, and Physiology contains information on cultural practices, nutrition, and physiological processes of cucurbits under both normal and stressful conditions. It presents the history and importance of cucurbit crop production as well as exhaustive information on growth responses of cucurbits to var

England Re-Oriented

Humberto Garcia
England Re Oriented Book PDF

Author : Humberto Garcia
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108495646

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England Re-Oriented by Humberto Garcia Pdf

Between 1750 and 1857, westward-bound Central and South Asian travelers connected imperial Britain to Persian Indo-Eurasia by performing queer masculinities.