Justice And The Meritocratic State

Author : Thomas Mulligan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-12-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351980760

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Justice and the Meritocratic State by Thomas Mulligan Pdf

Like American politics, the academic debate over justice is polarized, with almost all theories of justice falling within one of two traditions: egalitarianism and libertarianism. This book provides an alternative to the partisan standoff by focusing not on equality or liberty, but on the idea that we should give people the things that they deserve. Mulligan sets forth a theory of economic justice—meritocracy—which rests upon a desert principle and is distinctive from existing work in two ways. First, meritocracy is grounded in empirical research on how human beings think, intuitively, about justice. Research in social psychology and experimental economics reveals that people simply don’t think that social goods should be distributed equally, nor do they dismiss the idea of social justice. Across ideological and cultural lines, people believe that rewards should reflect merit. Second, the book discusses hot-button political issues and makes concrete policy recommendations. These issues include anti-meritocratic bias against women and racial minorities and the United States’ widening economic inequality. Justice and the Meritocratic State offers a new theory of justice and provides solutions to our most vexing social and economic problems. It will be of keen interest to philosophers, economists, and political theorists.

Author : Michael J. Sandel
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780374720995

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The Tyranny of Merit by Michael J. Sandel Pdf

A Times Literary Supplement’s Book of the Year 2020 A New Statesman's Best Book of 2020 A Bloomberg's Best Book of 2020 A Guardian Best Book About Ideas of 2020 The world-renowned philosopher and author of the bestselling Justice explores the central question of our time: What has become of the common good? These are dangerous times for democracy. We live in an age of winners and losers, where the odds are stacked in favor of the already fortunate. Stalled social mobility and entrenched inequality give the lie to the American credo that "you can make it if you try". The consequence is a brew of anger and frustration that has fueled populist protest and extreme polarization, and led to deep distrust of both government and our fellow citizens--leaving us morally unprepared to face the profound challenges of our time. World-renowned philosopher Michael J. Sandel argues that to overcome the crises that are upending our world, we must rethink the attitudes toward success and failure that have accompanied globalization and rising inequality. Sandel shows the hubris a meritocracy generates among the winners and the harsh judgement it imposes on those left behind, and traces the dire consequences across a wide swath of American life. He offers an alternative way of thinking about success--more attentive to the role of luck in human affairs, more conducive to an ethic of humility and solidarity, and more affirming of the dignity of work. The Tyranny of Merit points us toward a hopeful vision of a new politics of the common good.

Author : Jo Littler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317496038

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Against Meritocracy by Jo Littler Pdf

Meritocracy today involves the idea that whatever your social position at birth, society ought to offer enough opportunity and mobility for ‘talent’ to combine with ‘effort’ in order to ‘rise to the top’. This idea is one of the most prevalent social and cultural tropes of our time, as palpable in the speeches of politicians as in popular culture. In this book Jo Littler argues that meritocracy is the key cultural means of legitimation for contemporary neoliberal culture – and that whilst it promises opportunity, it in fact creates new forms of social division. Against Meritocracy is split into two parts. Part I explores the genealogies of meritocracy within social theory, political discourse and working cultures. It traces the dramatic U-turn in meritocracy’s meaning, from socialist slur to a contemporary ideal of how a society should be organised. Part II uses a series of case studies to analyse the cultural pull of popular ‘parables of progress’, from reality TV to the super-rich and celebrity CEOs, from social media controversies to the rise of the ‘mumpreneur’. Paying special attention to the role of gender, ‘race’ and class, this book provides new conceptualisations of the meaning of meritocracy in contemporary culture and society.

Author : David Schmidtz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139452038

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The Elements of Justice by David Schmidtz Pdf

What is justice? Questions of justice are questions about what people are due. However, what that means in practice depends on the context in which the question is raised. Depending on context, the formal question of what people are due is answered by principles of desert, reciprocity, equality, or need. Justice, therefore, is a constellation of elements that exhibit a degree of integration and unity. Nonetheless, the integrity of justice is limited, in a way that is akin to the integrity of a neighborhood rather than that of a building. A theory of justice offers individuals a map of that neighborhood, within which they can explore just what elements amount to justice.

Author : Adrian Wooldridge
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2021-07-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781510768628

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The Aristocracy of Talent by Adrian Wooldridge Pdf

The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. Wooldridge also shows how meritocracy has now become corrupted and argues that the recent stalling of social mobility is the result of failure to complete the meritocratic revolution. Rather than abandoning meritocracy, he says, we should call for its renewal.

Author : Daniel Markovits
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780735222007

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The Meritocracy Trap by Daniel Markovits Pdf

A revolutionary new argument from eminent Yale Law professor Daniel Markovits attacking the false promise of meritocracy It is an axiom of American life that advantage should be earned through ability and effort. Even as the country divides itself at every turn, the meritocratic ideal – that social and economic rewards should follow achievement rather than breeding – reigns supreme. Both Democrats and Republicans insistently repeat meritocratic notions. Meritocracy cuts to the heart of who we are. It sustains the American dream. But what if, both up and down the social ladder, meritocracy is a sham? Today, meritocracy has become exactly what it was conceived to resist: a mechanism for the concentration and dynastic transmission of wealth and privilege across generations. Upward mobility has become a fantasy, and the embattled middle classes are now more likely to sink into the working poor than to rise into the professional elite. At the same time, meritocracy now ensnares even those who manage to claw their way to the top, requiring rich adults to work with crushing intensity, exploiting their expensive educations in order to extract a return. All this is not the result of deviations or retreats from meritocracy but rather stems directly from meritocracy’s successes. This is the radical argument that Daniel Markovits prosecutes with rare force. Markovits is well placed to expose the sham of meritocracy. Having spent his life at elite universities, he knows from the inside the corrosive system we are trapped within. Markovits also knows that, if we understand that meritocratic inequality produces near-universal harm, we can cure it. When The Meritocracy Trap reveals the inner workings of the meritocratic machine, it also illuminates the first steps outward, towards a new world that might once again afford dignity and prosperity to the American people.

Author : John RAWLS
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674042605

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A Theory of Justice by John RAWLS Pdf

Though the revised edition of A Theory of Justice, published in 1999, is the definitive statement of Rawls's view, so much of the extensive literature on Rawls's theory refers to the first edition. This reissue makes the first edition once again available for scholars and serious students of Rawls's work.

Author : Juan Lucena
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400763500

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Engineering Education for Social Justice by Juan Lucena Pdf

Hoping to help transform engineering into a more socially just field of practice, this book offers various perspectives and strategies while highlighting key concepts and themes that help readers understand the complex relationship between engineering education and social justice. This volume tackles topics and scopes ranging from the role of Buddhism in socially just engineering to the blinding effects of ideologies in engineering to case studies on the implications of engineered systems for social justice. This book aims to serve as a framework for interventions or strategies to make social justice more visible in engineering education and enhance scholarship in the emerging field of Engineering and Social Justice (ESJ). This creates a ‘toolbox’ for engineering educators and students to make social justice a central theme in engineering education. ​

Author : John Rawls
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2001-05-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0674005104

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Justice as Fairness by John Rawls Pdf

This book originated as lectures for a course on political philosophy that Rawls taught regularly at Harvard in the 1980s. In time the lectures became a restatement of his theory of justice as fairness, revised in light of his more recent papers and his treatise Political Liberalism (1993). As Rawls writes in the preface, the restatement presents "in one place an account of justice as fairness as I now see it, drawing on all [my previous] works." He offers a broad overview of his main lines of thought and also explores specific issues never before addressed in any of his writings. Rawls is well aware that since the publication of A Theory of Justice in 1971, American society has moved farther away from the idea of justice as fairness. Yet his ideas retain their power and relevance to debates in a pluralistic society about the meaning and theoretical viability of liberalism. This book demonstrates that moral clarity can be achieved even when a collective commitment to justice is uncertain.

Author : Stephen J. McNamee
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780742599772

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The Meritocracy Myth by Stephen J. McNamee Pdf

The Meritocracy Myth challenges the widely held American belief in meritocracyOCothat people get out of the system what they put into it based on individual merit. Fully revised and updated throughout, the second edition includes compelling new case studies, such as the impact of social and cultural capital in the cases of George W. Bush and Barack Obama, and new material on current topics such as the impact of the financial and credit crisis, intergenerational mobility, and the impact of racism and sexism. The Meritocracy Myth examines talent, attitude, work ethic, and character as elements of merit and evaluates the effect of non-merit factors such as social status, race, heritage, and wealth on meritocracy. A compelling book on an often-overlooked topic, first edition was highly regarded and proved a useful examination of this classic American ideal.

Author : Boon Choo
Publisher : Partridge Publishing Singapore
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781543756975

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The Democratic Outcome State by Boon Choo Pdf

Democratic Outcome State – Political Meritocracy and The Tyranny of Consent Distilling history, this book now poses an epochal challenge. Is Political Meritocracy the universal solution that Liberal Democracy is not? All men are not equal and never will be. Yet, democracy’s poetic lie on “self-evident truth that all men are created equal” has universal acceptance. Its Calvinist origins have transmuted spiritual equality into equality of consent in the government of man The outcome of democratic rule the world over has been anything but democratic! The Chinese, with their meritocratic traditions, have not been bound by this leap of logic. However, a century and a half of decline had rendered its history of the meritocratic rule to a distant memory. It would be descendants of landless peasants in the tiny state of Singapore that would play unwitting roles in the restoration of Political Meritocracy and the rise of the Chinese nation. This book unravels the conventional narratives of East Asian economic miracles revealing surprising political meritocracies. The outcomes of these political meritocracies would turn out to be far more democratic than those of liberal democracies. Boon Choo’s work will be controversial, but his arguments will reset many minds on long-held convictions.

Author : Rolf Becker
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 640 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781788110426

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Research Handbook on the Sociology of Education by Rolf Becker Pdf

Presenting original contributions from the key experts in the field, the Research Handbook on the Sociology of Education explores the major theoretical, methodological, empirical and political challenges and pressing social questions facing education in current times.

Author : David Miller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781107028791

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Justice for Earthlings by David Miller Pdf

David Miller explores what justice means for real people and challenges philosophical theories that ignore the facts of human life.

Author : Klaus Mathis
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2024-07-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031568220

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Law and Economics of Justice by Klaus Mathis Pdf

Author : Daniel Halliday,John Thrasher
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190096229

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The Ethics of Capitalism by Daniel Halliday,John Thrasher Pdf

Can capitalism have moral foundations? Though this question may seem strange in today's world of vast economic disparities and widespread poverty, discussions originating with the birth of capitalism add a critical perspective to the current debate on the efficacy and morality of capitalist economies. Authors Daniel Halliday and John Thrasher use this question to introduce classical political philosophy as a framework by which to evaluate the ethics of capitalism today. They revisit and reconstruct historical eighteenth- and nineteenth-century defenses of capitalism, as written by key proponents such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill. They ask what these early advocates of market order would say about contemporary economies, and argue for the importance of connecting these foundational defenses to discussions of economic systems and the roles they play in economic justice and injustice today. The textbook covers longstanding problems that are as old as the discussion of capitalism itself, such as wage inequality, global trade, and the connection between paid labor and human flourishing. It also addresses new challenges, such as climate change, the welfare state, and competitive consumption, and provides topical global case studies. Additionally, it includes study questions at the end of each chapter and an author-created companion website to help guide classroom discussion.