Kidney And Blood Pressure Regulation

Author : Hiromichi Suzuki (M.D.),Takao Saruta
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783805577519

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Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation by Hiromichi Suzuki (M.D.),Takao Saruta Pdf

Chronic kidney disease is one of the world's major public health problems, and the prevalence of kidney failure is rising steadily. Among the risk factors for a faster progression of renal disease are hypertension and proteinuria, many studies clearly demonstrating that hypertension is both a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease. Namely, renal blood pressure regulation seems to be involved in five major pathophysiological mechanisms (all closely related to the renin-angiotensin system): Pressure-natriuresis, renal sympathetic nervous system, renal blood flow, intraglomerular pressure and tubuloglomerular feedback. This book reviews experimental data which form the basis of our current understanding of the association between hypertension and kidney diseases: The pathogenesis of increased blood pressure, the mechanisms by which systemic hypertension promotes progressive kidney failure, and the impact of antihypertensive agents on experimental renal mechanisms involved in hypertension. Furthermore, the role of angiotensin II receptor blockers in both the control of systemic blood pressure and the reduction of proteinuria is examined in an attempt to define optimal therapeutic strategies to prevent the otherwise inexorable deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Blood pressure
ISBN : OCLC:228113318

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Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation by Anonim Pdf

Author : Thomas Luescher,Norman M. Kaplan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 582 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642612398

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Renovascular and Renal Parenchymatous Hypertension by Thomas Luescher,Norman M. Kaplan Pdf

This monograph provides a timely update on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of renovascular and renal parenchymatous hypertension. The underlying causes of the most common forms of hypertension are discussed in separate chapters. Special emphasis is laid on newer pathophysiological aspects of the disease, in particular the vascular wall renin-angiotensin system. Furthermore, there is in depth discussion of all the new techniques that are currently available for use in the diagnosis of renal hypertension, e.g., ultrasound and Doppler techniques, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear renography. These techniques are discussed by internationally renowned experts in the field. The book also covers topics such as the value of medical therapy, surgical techniques, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, with special reference to the treatment of renal hypertension.

Author : Ulla C. Kopp
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781615047765

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Neural Control of Renal Function, Second Edition by Ulla C. Kopp Pdf

The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Under normal conditions, the renal mechanosensory nerves activated by stretch of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension.

Author : J.S. Cheigh,K.H Stenzel,A.M. Rubin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400942714

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Hypertension in Kidney Disease by J.S. Cheigh,K.H Stenzel,A.M. Rubin Pdf

Blood pressure control is central to all bodily functions. There are many points in the multifaceted cybernetic system wherein hypertension may be produced. Hypertension is a 'young' disorder whose existence has been known for less than a century. It is not only extremely prevalent among every popula tion, but also deleterious to the health of mankind. The more we understand about hypertension's harmful effects, the more urgent is the need for its effective control. The kidney is the central organ that controls vascular tone and body fluid volume; these two factors are dominant in determining arterial blood pres sure. Hence, it is not surprising to find in hypertensive disorders that there are abnormalities in the kidneys, functional or anatomical, subtle or overt, that cause or are the consequence of hypertension. The first suggestion that the kidney could cause hypertension was made in 1836, before arterial pressure could even be measured, by Richard Bright. He observed that cardiac hypertrophy was often present in patients who died of renal disease. It was, however, Goldblatt and his colleagues in 1934 who opened the modern era of experimental and clinical research in renal hypertension. Since then, although far from complete, enthusiastic and intensive research efforts have greatly improved our understanding of the nature of renal hypertension.

Author : Adel E. Berbari,Giuseppe Mancia
Publisher : Springer
Page : 880 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319599182

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Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation by Adel E. Berbari,Giuseppe Mancia Pdf

This book aims to present a comprehensive classification of hypertensive phenotypes based on underlying target organ involvement. Particular emphasis is placed on review and assessment of clinical presentation, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and possible specific therapeutic options for each hypertension phenotype. Several of these phenotypes are well known and well described in the literature, such as prehypertension, white coat and masked hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, renovascular hypertension, endocrine hypertension, pediatric hypertension, and gestational hypertension. Other hypertension phenotypes, however, are not widely recognized, being reported only in special reviews; examples include hypertension associated with renal calculus disease and other rarer causes such as Turner syndrome, herbal and medicinal compounds, and pharmacologic agents. A detailed account of the various causes of monogenic hypertension is also included. Finally, a section is devoted to general aspects of hypertension, including the significance of blood pressure indices, the natural course of untreated and treated hypertension, hypertension mechanisms, genetics, and guidelines for blood pressure control.

Author : Roland N. Pittman
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047215

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Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition by Roland N. Pittman Pdf

This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Author : H.V. Villareal,M.P. Sambhi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400967410

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Topics in Pathophysiology of Hypertension by H.V. Villareal,M.P. Sambhi Pdf

It is not often that one one writes the foreword for a book based on a conference which contributed so much to our knowledge in the field of hypertension. During my close association with the International Society of Hypertension from 1978-1982, numerous satellite symposia were held in connection with five interna tional meetings. The specific topics addressed in this volume, the quality of the contributions, and the superb expertise of the contributors make this monograph one of the most outstanding publications that the International Society of Hyper tension has sponsored. Satellite symposia such as the present one serve useful and important functions for our society. They provide a mechanism of getting together the outstanding experts on special subjects for presentation of new data and for a free interchange of ideas. This type of endeavor is one of the most uniquely effective ways of accumulating new knowledge, because the data presented are subjected to critical review and discussion. No textbook or publication in journals can provide the type of critically evaluated information that comes from a small group is a mechanism for scientists to become meeting of this type. Furthermore, it acquainted or better acquainted with one another. All of this is, of course, very provocative and supportive of high quality research, one of the trademarks of the International Society of Hypertension. The conference for this book publication was organized by Drs.

Author : Adrian Covic,Mehmet Kanbay,Edgar V. Lerma
Publisher : Springer
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319568270

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Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease by Adrian Covic,Mehmet Kanbay,Edgar V. Lerma Pdf

This comprehensive volume provides a detailed review on the general work up of chronic kidney disease-associated resistant hypertension. This title is separated into four parts; the first of which provides definitions, epidemiology, characteristics, risk stratification and outcomes of resistant and apparent treatment resistant hypertension. The next two sections explore pathophysiology and diagnosis, treatment in the light of new guidelines, as well as procedures and devices for neural modulation. Part four discusses public health approaches to resistant hypertension, educational programs, and resistant hypertension for general practitioners. Resistant Hypertension in CKD brings up-to-date information to nephrologists, internists, cardiologists and a wide array of other clinicians and health professionals taking care of chronic kidney disease patients.

Author : Andrew S. Bomback,George L. Bakris
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2010-07-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781449671518

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Hypertension Essentials by Andrew S. Bomback,George L. Bakris Pdf

The World's Leading Experts Provide all the 'Essentials' Needed to Manage Patients in the Office and on the Ward! Nearly 17% of adults in the United States have Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and one of the most common causes of CKD is hypertension. Treatment of hypertension has become the most important intervention in the management of all forms of Chronic Kidney Disease. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Hypertension Essentials is a current, concise, and practical step-by-step guide to the identification, treatment and management of hypertension in patients with CKD. This quick reference is an ideal resource for primary care physicians, cardiologists, nephrologists and physicians in training.

Author : Ajay K. Singh,Rajiv Agarwal
Publisher : Springer
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-10-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493964369

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Core Concepts in Hypertension in Kidney Disease by Ajay K. Singh,Rajiv Agarwal Pdf

This guide provides a comprehensive review of the full spectrum of hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Targeted towards the busy practitioner, the focus of this volume is on various therapies and how to lower blood pressure through lifestyle changes. Specialist patient populations and hypertension and causes of hypertension are also covered in detail. Clinically-focused and authoritative, this resource offers a rationalized approach to diagnosing and treating hypertension in CKD.

Author : National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Working Group on Hypertension and Chronic Renal Failure
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Chronic renal failure
ISBN : PURD:32754061573931

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National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) Working Group Report on Hypertension and Chronic Renal Failure by National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Working Group on Hypertension and Chronic Renal Failure Pdf

Reviews the current knowledge of the interaction of elevated blood pressure, hemodynamics, and renal damage, and presents the clinical recommendations of the NHBPEP Working Group.

Author : Michitoshi Inoue,Masatsugu Hori,Shoichi Imai,Robert M. Berne
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9784431683674

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Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by Michitoshi Inoue,Masatsugu Hori,Shoichi Imai,Robert M. Berne Pdf

Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Author : Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Hypertension
ISBN : MINN:30000002517765

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Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure by Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Pdf

Author : Ephraim Shorr,Benjamin William Zweifach
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1947
Category : Blood pressure
ISBN : CORNELL:31924108423702

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Factors Regulating Blood Pressure by Ephraim Shorr,Benjamin William Zweifach Pdf