Knowledge Acquisition Knowledge Programming And Knowledge Refinement

Author : Frederick Hayes-Roth,Philip Klahr,David J. Mostow,Rand Corporation
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Computers
ISBN : IND:39000002483001

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Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Programming, and Knowledge Refinement by Frederick Hayes-Roth,Philip Klahr,David J. Mostow,Rand Corporation Pdf

This report describes the principal findings and recommendations of a 2-year Rand research project on machine-aided knowledge acquisition and discusses the transfer of expertise from humans to machines, as well as the functions of planning, debugging, knowledge refinement, and autonomous machine learning. The relative advantages of humans and machines in the building of intelligent systems are explained. Background and guidance is provided for policymakers concerned with the research and development of machine-based learning systems. The research method adopted emphasized iterative refinement of knowledge in response to actual experience; i.e., a machine's knowledge was acquired initially from a human who provided enough concepts, constraints, and problem-solving heuristics to define some minimal level of performance. Sixty-two references are listed. (Author/FM)

Author : James F. Brulé,Alexander Blount
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Companies
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015013858728

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Knowledge Acquisition by James F. Brulé,Alexander Blount Pdf

This important practitioner's guide is among the first to formulate a theoretical basis and derive a set of methods for consultants, knowledge engineers, and application programmers who must acquire human expert knowledge to create expert systems. By taking a cybernetic approach to the problems of knowledge acquisition, the authors use a single descriptive vocabulary to deal equally with recursive phenomena, knowledge acquisition, knowledge elicitation, expert system development, and the experts domain/knowledge base descriptions. Following a brief overview of the field, the authors focus on heuristic algorithms, the details of setting up a framework to define a given expertise, the practical interviewing process by which human experts pass on their knowledge to be modeled and coded for use in an expert system. The book concludes with a comprehensive case study selected for its broad application to all areas of knowledge acquisition.

Author : Allen Kent,James G. Williams
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1998-10-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0824727193

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Encyclopedia of Microcomputers by Allen Kent,James G. Williams Pdf

Applications of Negotiating and Learning Agents to User Query Performance with Database Feedback

Author : John R. Anderson
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135830953

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Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition by John R. Anderson Pdf

First published in 1981. This book is a collection of the papers presented at the Sixteenth Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition, held in May 1980.

Author : Karen L. McGraw,Karan Harbison-Briggs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015013835015

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Knowledge Acquisition by Karen L. McGraw,Karan Harbison-Briggs Pdf

This book presents a practical view of the knowledge acquisition process, its methodologies and techniques, in order to enable readers to develop expert systems knowledge bases more effectively. It strikes a balance between presenting (1) summaries of research in the field of knowledge acquisition and (2) methodologies and techniques that have been applied and tested on numerous programs in various contexts. Written for novice knowledge engineers or others tasked with acquiring knowledge for the systematic development of expert systems. The presentation of the material does not presume a background in either computer science or artificial intelligence.

Author : Simon Kendal,Malcolm Creen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2007-08-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781846286674

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An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering by Simon Kendal,Malcolm Creen Pdf

An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering presents a simple but detailed exp- ration of current and established work in the ?eld of knowledge-based systems and related technologies. Its treatment of the increasing variety of such systems is designed to provide the reader with a substantial grounding in such techno- gies as expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, case-based reasoning systems, data mining, intelligent agents and the associated techniques and meth- ologies. The material is reinforced by the inclusion of numerous activities that provide opportunities for the reader to engage in their own research and re?ection as they progress through the book. In addition, self-assessment questions allow the student to check their own understanding of the concepts covered. The book will be suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in computing science and related disciplines such as knowledge engineering, arti?cial intelligence, intelligent systems, cognitive neuroscience, robotics and cybernetics. vii Contents Foreword vii 1 An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 1: Data, Information and Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Section 2: Skills of a Knowledge Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Section 3: An Introduction to Knowledge-Based Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2 Types of Knowledge-Based Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Section 1: Expert Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Section 2: Neural Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section 3: Case-Based Reasoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Section 4: Genetic Algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Section 5: Intelligent Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Section 6: Data Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3 Knowledge Acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Section 1: Using Knowledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Section 2: Logic, Rules and Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Section 3: Developing Rule-Based Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Section 4: Semantic Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1184 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015023476560

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Resources in Education by Anonim Pdf

Author : Robert R. Hoffman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317779537

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The Psychology of Expertise by Robert R. Hoffman Pdf

This volume investigates our ability to capture, and then apply, expertise. In recent years, expertise has come to be regarded as an increasingly valuable and surprisingly elusive resource. Experts, who were the sole active dispensers of certain kinds of knowledge in the days before AI, have themselves become the objects of empirical inquiry, in which their knowledge is elicited and studied -- by knowledge engineers, experimental psychologists, applied psychologists, or other experts -- involved in the development of expert systems. This book achieves a marriage between experimentalists, applied scientists, and theoreticians who deal with expertise. It envisions the benefits to society of an advanced technology for capturing and disseminating the knowledge and skills of the best corporate managers, the most seasoned pilots, and the most renowned medical diagnosticians. This book should be of interest to psychologists as well as to knowledge engineers who are "out in the trenches" developing expert systems, and anyone pondering the nature of expertise and the question of how it can be elicited and studied scientifically. The book's scope and the pivotal concepts that it elucidates and appraises, as well as the extensive categorized bibliographies it includes, make this volume a landmark in the field of expert systems and AI as well as the field of applied experimental psychology.

Author : R.S. Michalski,J.G. Carbonell,T.M. Mitchell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783662124055

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Machine Learning by R.S. Michalski,J.G. Carbonell,T.M. Mitchell Pdf

The ability to learn is one of the most fundamental attributes of intelligent behavior. Consequently, progress in the theory and computer modeling of learn ing processes is of great significance to fields concerned with understanding in telligence. Such fields include cognitive science, artificial intelligence, infor mation science, pattern recognition, psychology, education, epistemology, philosophy, and related disciplines. The recent observance of the silver anniversary of artificial intelligence has been heralded by a surge of interest in machine learning-both in building models of human learning and in understanding how machines might be endowed with the ability to learn. This renewed interest has spawned many new research projects and resulted in an increase in related scientific activities. In the summer of 1980, the First Machine Learning Workshop was held at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh. In the same year, three consecutive issues of the Inter national Journal of Policy Analysis and Information Systems were specially devoted to machine learning (No. 2, 3 and 4, 1980). In the spring of 1981, a special issue of the SIGART Newsletter No. 76 reviewed current research projects in the field. . This book contains tutorial overviews and research papers representative of contemporary trends in the area of machine learning as viewed from an artificial intelligence perspective. As the first available text on this subject, it is intended to fulfill several needs.

Author : Ryszard S. Michalski,Jaime G. Carbonell,Tom M. Mitchell
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780080510545

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Machine Learning by Ryszard S. Michalski,Jaime G. Carbonell,Tom M. Mitchell Pdf

Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach contains tutorial overviews and research papers representative of trends in the area of machine learning as viewed from an artificial intelligence perspective. The book is organized into six parts. Part I provides an overview of machine learning and explains why machines should learn. Part II covers important issues affecting the design of learning programs—particularly programs that learn from examples. It also describes inductive learning systems. Part III deals with learning by analogy, by experimentation, and from experience. Parts IV and V discuss learning from observation and discovery, and learning from instruction, respectively. Part VI presents two studies on applied learning systems—one on the recovery of valuable information via inductive inference; the other on inducing models of simple algebraic skills from observed student performance in the context of the Leeds Modeling System (LMS). This book is intended for researchers in artificial intelligence, computer science, and cognitive psychology; students in artificial intelligence and related disciplines; and a diverse range of readers, including computer scientists, robotics experts, knowledge engineers, educators, philosophers, data analysts, psychologists, and electronic engineers.

Author : Amit Konar
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 503 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781351835626

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Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing by Amit Konar Pdf

With all the material available in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and soft computing-texts, monographs, and journal articles-there remains a serious gap in the literature. Until now, there has been no comprehensive resource accessible to a broad audience yet containing a depth and breadth of information that enables the reader to fully understand and readily apply AI and soft computing concepts. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing fills this gap. It presents both the traditional and the modern aspects of AI and soft computing in a clear, insightful, and highly comprehensive style. It provides an in-depth analysis of mathematical models and algorithms and demonstrates their applications in real world problems. Beginning with the behavioral perspective of "human cognition," the text covers the tools and techniques required for its intelligent realization on machines. The author addresses the classical aspects-search, symbolic logic, planning, and machine learning-in detail and includes the latest research in these areas. He introduces the modern aspects of soft computing from first principles and discusses them in a manner that enables a beginner to grasp the subject. He also covers a number of other leading aspects of AI research, including nonmonotonic and spatio-temporal reasoning, knowledge acquisition, and much more. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: Behavioral and Cognitive Modeling of the Human Brain is unique for its diverse content, clear presentation, and overall completeness. It provides a practical, detailed introduction that will prove valuable to computer science practitioners and students as well as to researchers migrating to the subject from other disciplines.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 702 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN : UIUC:30112048646605

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Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by Anonim Pdf

Author : R. B. Mishra
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9788120338494

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Artificial Intelligence by R. B. Mishra Pdf

This book has been written keeping in view the requirements of undergraduate and postgraduate students and research scholars in the area of computer science and engineering in particular, and other branches of engineering which deal with the study of AI such as electronics engineering, electrical engineering, industrial engineering (robotics and FMS). Besides the engineering students, the postgraduate students of computer science and computer applications and cognitive sciences researchers can equally benefit from this text. The basic concepts of artificial intelligence, together with knowledge representation, reasoning methods, acquisition, management and distributed architecture, have been nicely and instructively described. The various application domains and disciplines in engineering, management, medicine which cover different aspects of design, assembly and monitoring, have been presented with utility aspects of AI concepts in logic and knowledge. The book maintains a simple and comprehensible style of presentation for the different categories of readers such as students, researchers and professionals for their respective uses.

Author : Ruqian Lu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9810213166

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New Approaches to Knowledge Acquisition by Ruqian Lu Pdf

It is well recognized that knowledge acquisition is the critical bottleneck of knowledge engineering. This book presents three major approaches of current research in this field, namely the psychological approach, the artificial intelligence approach and the software engineering approach. Special attention is paid to the most recent advances in knowledge acquisition research, especially those made by Chinese computer scientists. A special chapter is devoted to its applications in other fields, e.g. language analysis, software engineering, computer-aided instruction, etc., which were done in China.

Author : J. Cuena
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Computers
ISBN : STANFORD:36105008568086

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Knowledge Oriented Software Design by J. Cuena Pdf

The integration of AI techniques with traditional information processing approaches to applications design is considered in this volume. More specifically, the feasibility of an AI work area integrating AI based tools with methodologies and with supporting theories, oriented towards general applications design using the knowledge based approach, is discussed.The book is divided into three areas. The first section, Modular Knowledge Architectures, deals with task structured organization of applications and with related knowledge acquisition techniques for application design. The proposals in this area show that the structured approach to knowledge identification and processing may be an alternative to the traditional application development methods which could be named Knowledge Oriented Software Design. The second section considers aspects of Design and Validation at two levels: a more practical approach to assess the life cycle of applications and validation techniques and a more theoretical approach oriented towards automatic programming based on problem solving and inductive logic programming. Basic Techniques to be used in AI applications design such as functional programming, object oriented programming, logic programming and logic based standards for basic knowledge modeling are discussed in the final section.