Knowledge Regulation And National Security In Postwar America

Author : Mario Daniels,John Krige
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Export controls
ISBN : 0226816613

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Knowledge Regulation and National Security in Postwar America by Mario Daniels,John Krige Pdf

"Today the activities of foreign scientists, especially from countries seen as adversaries, are policed by US "deemed export" regulations that treat every communication of formally unclassified but controlled technical information as if a physical export had occurred. Considerable effort is devoted to regulating the flow of sensitive but unclassified knowledge, and the state has developed instruments like export controls and visa policies to restrict access to it. In this groundbreaking book, Mario Daniels and John Krige set out to show that export control regulations have had enormous political relevance for American debates about national security, foreign policy, and trade policy since 1945. Indeed, they argue that from the 1940s to today the issue of how to control the transnational movement of information has been central to the thinking and actions of the guardians of the American national security state. The expansion of control over knowledge and know-how is apparent from the increasingly systematic inclusion of universities and research institutions into a system that in the 1950s and 1960s mainly targeted business activities. As this book vividly reveals, classification was not the only-and not even the most important-regulatory instrument that came into being in the post-war era"--

Author : Mario Daniels,John Krige
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2022-04-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226817521

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Knowledge Regulation and National Security in Postwar America by Mario Daniels,John Krige Pdf

The first historical study of export control regulations as a tool for the sharing and withholding of knowledge. In this groundbreaking book, Mario Daniels and John Krige set out to show the enormous political relevance that export control regulations have had for American debates about national security, foreign policy, and trade policy since 1945. Indeed, they argue that from the 1940s to today the issue of how to control the transnational movement of information has been central to the thinking and actions of the guardians of the American national security state. The expansion of control over knowledge and know-how is apparent from the increasingly systematic inclusion of universities and research institutions into a system that in the 1950s and 1960s mainly targeted business activities. As this book vividly reveals, classification was not the only—and not even the most important—regulatory instrument that came into being in the postwar era.

Author : Mario Daniels,John Krige
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-25
Category : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
ISBN : 9780226817538

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Knowledge Regulation and National Security in Postwar America by Mario Daniels,John Krige Pdf

The first historical study of export control regulations as a tool for the sharing and withholding of knowledge. In this groundbreaking book, Mario Daniels and John Krige set out to show the enormous political relevance that export control regulations have had for American debates about national security, foreign policy, and trade policy since 1945. Indeed, they argue that from the 1940s to today the issue of how to control the transnational movement of information has been central to the thinking and actions of the guardians of the American national security state. The expansion of control over knowledge and know-how is apparent from the increasingly systematic inclusion of universities and research institutions into a system that in the 1950s and 1960s mainly targeted business activities. As this book vividly reveals, classification was not the only—and not even the most important—regulatory instrument that came into being in the postwar era.

Author : John Krige
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226605999

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How Knowledge Moves by John Krige Pdf

Knowledge matters, and states have a stake in managing its movement to protect a variety of local and national interests. The view that knowledge circulates by itself in a flat world, unimpeded by national boundaries, is a myth. The transnational movement of knowledge is a social accomplishment, requiring negotiation, accommodation, and adaptation to the specificities of local contexts. This volume of essays by historians of science and technology breaks the national framework in which histories are often written. Instead, How Knowledge Moves takes knowledge as its central object, with the goal of unraveling the relationships among people, ideas, and things that arise when they cross national borders. This specialized knowledge is located at multiple sites and moves across borders via a dazzling array of channels, embedded in heads and hands, in artifacts, and in texts. In the United States, it shapes policies for visas, export controls, and nuclear weapons proliferation; in Algeria, it enhances the production of oranges by colonial settlers; in Vietnam, it facilitates the exploitation of a river delta. In India it transforms modes of agricultural production. It implants American values in Latin America. By concentrating on the conditions that allow for knowledge movement, these essays explore travel and exchange in face-to-face encounters and show how border-crossings mobilize extensive bureaucratic technologies.

Author : John Krige
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226820378

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Knowledge Flows in a Global Age by John Krige Pdf

A transnational approach to understanding and analyzing knowledge circulation. The contributors to this collection focus on what happens to knowledge and know-how at national borders. Rather than treating it as flowing like currents across them, or diffusing out from center to periphery, they stress the human intervention that shapes how knowledge is processed, mobilized, and repurposed in transnational transactions to serve diverse interests, constraints, and environments. The chapters consider both what knowledge travels and how it travels across borders of varying permeability that impede or facilitate its movement. They look closely at a variety of platforms and objects of knowledge, from tangible commodities—like hybrid wheat seeds, penicillin, Robusta coffee, naval weaponry, seed banks, satellites and high-performance computers—to the more conceptual apparatuses of plant phenotype data and statistics. Moreover, this volume decenters the Global North, tracking how knowledge moves along multiple paths across the borders of Mexico, India, Portugal, Guinea-Bissau, the Soviet Union, China, Angola, Palestine and the West Bank, as well as the United States and the United Kingdom. An important new work of transnational history, this collection recasts the way we understand and analyze knowledge circulation.

Author : National Defense University (U S ),National Defense University (U.S.),Institute for National Strategic Studies,Sheila R. Ronis
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2011-12-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security ? by National Defense University (U S ),National Defense University (U.S.),Institute for National Strategic Studies,Sheila R. Ronis Pdf

On August 24-25, 2010, the National Defense University held a conference titled “Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security?” to explore the economic element of national power. This special collection of selected papers from the conference represents the view of several keynote speakers and participants in six panel discussions. It explores the complexity surrounding this subject and examines the major elements that, interacting as a system, define the economic component of national security.

Author : Hugo Meijer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190277703

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Trading with the Enemy by Hugo Meijer Pdf

In light of the intertwining logics of military competition and economic interdependence at play in US-China relations, Trading with the Enemy examines how the United States has balanced its potentially conflicting national security and economic interests in its relationship with the People's Republic of China (PRC). To do so, Hugo Meijer investigates a strategically sensitive yet under-explored facet of US-China relations: the making of American export control policy on military-related technology transfers to China since 1979. Trading with the Enemy is the first monograph on this dimension of the US-China relationship in the post-Cold War. Based on 199 interviews, declassified documents, and diplomatic cables leaked by Wikileaks, two major findings emerge from this book. First, the US is no longer able to apply a strategy of military/technology containment of China in the same way it did with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. This is because of the erosion of its capacity to restrict the transfer of military-related technology to the PRC. Secondly, a growing number of actors in Washington have reassessed the nexus between national security and economic interests at stake in the US-China relationship - by moving beyond the Cold War trade-off between the two - in order to maintain American military preeminence vis-à-vis its strategic rivals. By focusing on how states manage the heterogeneous and potentially competing security and economic interests at stake in a bilateral relationship, this book seeks to shed light on the evolving character of interstate rivalry in a globalized economy, where rivals in the military realm are also economically interdependent.

Author : Robert E. Baldwin,Anne O. Krueger
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226036533

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The Structure and Evolution of Recent U.S. Trade Policy by Robert E. Baldwin,Anne O. Krueger Pdf

The trade policies addressed in this book have far-reaching effects on the world's increasingly interdependent economies, but until now little research has been devoted to them. This volume represents the first systematic effort to analyze specific U.S. trade policies, particularly nontariff measures. It provides a better understanding of how trade policies operate, how effective they are, and what their costs and benefits are to trading nations. The contributors chart the history of U.S. trade policy since World War II, analyze industry-specific trade barriers, and discuss the effects of tariff preferences and export-promoting policies such as export credits and domestic international sales corporations (DISCs). The final section of essays examines the worldwide impact of import policies, pointing out subtleties in industry-specific policies and providing insight into the levels of protection in developing countries. The contributors blend state-of-the-art economics with language that is accessible to the business community, economists, and policymakers. Commentaries accompany each paper.

Author : Umair H. Ghori
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2023-12-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781800889828

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Export Restrictions and Export Controls by Umair H. Ghori Pdf

Representing a continuation of the debate on export restrictions and export controls, this adroitly-crafted book expertly navigates the complexities of international trade law. Under the aegis of global security, it features a number of diverse yet interconnected topics on export restrictions and export controls and highlights the multi-faceted trade, economic, and security challenges faced by developed and developing countries.

Author : Jagdish Bhagwati
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2009-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226045405

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Import Competition and Response by Jagdish Bhagwati Pdf

These papers, by a number of leading international-trade theorists, present the first significant theoretical work to be done on a topic of considerable interest, import competition. Nine theoretical papers, on topics ranging from protectionist lobbying to adjustment costs, are synthesized in the editor's Introduction, which also contrasts these contributions with the traditional classroom analysis of import competition. Three major empirical studies close the volume. It will prove indispensable for anyone who wishes to think clearly about import competition and about how economies do—and should—respond to it.

Author : Bastiaan van Apeldoorn,Jaša Veselinovič,Naná de Graaff
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783031346927

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Trump and the Remaking of American Grand Strategy by Bastiaan van Apeldoorn,Jaša Veselinovič,Naná de Graaff Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive explanatory account of Trump's foreign policy by assessing its nature, determining the extent to which it broke with the policy of preceding presidencies, and explaining how this shift came about. We argue that Trump has succeeded in remaking America’s grand strategy by unmaking its long-standing strategy of what we call Open Door Globalism, a strategy of economic expansionism through the promotion of open markets across the globe and its institutionalization into a US-led liberal world order. Trump has broken with Open Door Globalism in probably lasting ways by adopting an outlook and strategy of neo-mercantilist economic nationalism based upon an ‘America First’ redefinition of US sovereignty and national interests. We explain this Trumpian shift in US foreign policy by focusing on the social sources of Trump’s foreign policy-making elite’s agency, analysing it both in terms of foreign policy-makers’ embeddedness in elite networks and within the changing global and domestic context. The latter, coupled with a crisis of established elite power, also indicates why Biden has not returned to Open Door Globalism but doubled down on some aspects of the Trumpian economic nationalist break.

Author : Sam Lebovic
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781541620155

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State of Silence by Sam Lebovic Pdf

A top scholar reveals how the Espionage Act gave rise to a vast American security state that keeps citizens in the dark In State of Silence, political historian Sam Lebovic uncovers the troubling history of the Espionage Act. First passed in 1917, it was initially used to punish critics of World War I. Yet as Americans began to balk at the act’s restrictions on political dissidents and the press, the government turned its focus toward keeping its secrets under wraps. The resulting system for classifying information is absurdly cautious, staggeringly costly, and shrouded in secrecy, preventing ordinary Americans from learning what their country is doing in their name, both at home and abroad. Shedding new light on the bloated governmental security apparatus that’s weighing our democracy down, State of Silence offers the definitive history of America’s turn toward secrecy—and its staggering human costs.

Author : Steven Feldstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190057497

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The Rise of Digital Repression by Steven Feldstein Pdf

"A Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Book" -- dust jacket.

Author : National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1997-10-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309057295

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International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade by National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Pdf

Author : Joseph Turow
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2007-12-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226817514

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Breaking Up America by Joseph Turow Pdf

Combining shrewd analysis of contemporary practices with a historical perspective, Breaking Up America traces the momentous shift that began in the mid-1970s when advertisers rejected mass marketing in favor of more aggressive target marketing. Turow shows how advertisers exploit differences between consumers based on income, age, gender, race, marital status, ethnicity, and lifesyles. "An important book for anyone wanting insight into the advertising and media worlds of today. In plain English, Joe Turow explains not only why our television set is on, but what we are watching. The frightening part is that we are being watched as we do it."—Larry King "Provocative, sweeping and well made . . . Turow draws an efficient portrait of a marketing complex determined to replace the 'society-making media' that had dominated for most of this century with 'segment-making media' that could zero in on the demographic and psychodemographic corners of our 260-million-person consumer marketplace."—Randall Rothenberg, Atlantic Monthly